87
Afinal“compile-together”approachcomesfromthesubdocspackage.Thedriver
filecontainsa
\subdocuments
command:
\subdocuments[options]{file1, file2, ...}
(theoptionalargumentsprovidelayoutoptions,suchascontroloverwhether
\clearpage
or
\cleardoublepage
areusedbetweenthefiles).Eachofthesub-fileswillexecute
\usepackage[master]{subdocs}
todeclarethename,
master
,ofthecallingfile;eachofthesubfilesreadsallthe
.aux
files,sothattablesofcontentsmaybeproduced.
Acompletelydifferentapproachistousethepdfpagespackage,andtoinclude
articlessubmittedinPDFformatintoaaPDFdocumentproducedbyPDFLaTeX.The
packagedefinesan
\includepdf
command,whichtakesargumentssimilartothose
ofthe
\includegraphics
command.Withkeywordsintheoptionalargumentofthe
command,youcanspecifywhichpagesyouwanttobeincludedfromthefilenamed,
andvariousdetailsofthelayoutoftheincludedpages.
combine.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/combine
combinet.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/combine
docmute.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/docmute
includex.sty
: Distributedinthe“unsupported”partof
macros/latex/contrib/
frankenstein
moredefs.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/frankenstein
newclude.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/frankenstein
pdfpages.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/pdfpages
standalone.cls,standalone.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/standalone
subdocs.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/bezos
subfiles.cls,etc.
:
macros/latex/contrib/subfiles
199 CurriculumVitae(Résumé)
AndrejBrodnik’sclass,vita,offersaframework for producingacurriculumvitae.
Theclass may becustomised both forsubject (exampleclass option filessupport
bothcomputerscientistsandsingers),andforlanguage(boththeoptionsprovidedare
availableforbothEnglishandSlovene). Extensionsmaybewrittenbycreatingnew
classoptionfiles,orbyusingmacrosdefinedintheclasstodefinenewentrytypes,etc.
DidierVerna’sclass,curve,isbasedonamodelinwhichtheCV ismadeofa
setofrubrics(eachonedealingwithamajoritemthatyouwanttodiscuss,suchas
‘education’,‘workexperience’,etc).Theclass’sdocumentationissupportedbyacouple
ofexamplefiles,andanemacsmodeisprovided.
XavierDanauxoffersaclassmoderncvwhichsupportstypesettingmoderncurricula
vitarum,bothinaclassicandinacasualstyle.Itisfairlycustomizable,allowingyouto
defineyourownstylebychangingthecolours,thefonts,etc.
TheEuropeanCommissionhasrecommendedaformatforcurriculavitarumwithin
Europe,andNicolaVitacolonnahasdevelopedaclasseuropecvtoproduceit.While(by
hisownadmission)theclassdoesn’tsolveallproblems,itseemswell-thoughtoutand
supportsallcurrentofficialEUlanguages(togetherwithafewnon-officiallanguages,
suchasCatalan,GalicianandSerbian).
Thealternativetousingaseparateclassistoimposeapackageononeofthestandard
classes.Anexample,AxelReichert’scurrvitapackage,hasbeenrecommendedtothe
FAQteam.Itsoutputcertainlylooksgood.
ThereisalsoaLaTeX2.09packageresume,whichcomeswithlittlebutadvice
againsttryingtouseit.
currvita.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/currvita
curve.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/curve
132
79
europecv.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/europecv
moderncv.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/moderncv
resume.sty
:
obsolete/macros/latex209/contrib/resume/resume.sty
vita.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/vita
200 Lettersandthelike
LaTeXitselfprovidesaletterdocumentclass,whichiswidelydisliked;thepresent
authorlongsincegaveup tryingwithit. Ifyouneverthelesswant to tryit,butare
irritatedbyitswayofvertically-shiftingasingle-pageletter,trythefollowinghack:
\makeatletter
\let\@texttop\relax
\makeatother
inthepreambleofyourfile.
Doing-it-yourselfisacommonstrategy; Knuth (for usewithPlain TeX,inthe
TeXbook),andKopkaandDaly(intheirGuidetoLaTeX)offerworkedexamples.(The
latestversion ofKnuth’smacrosappearin his“locallibrary”dump on thearchive,
whichisupdatedinparallelwithnewversionsofTeX—sonotveryoften...)
Nevertheless,therearecontributedalternatives—infactthereareanawfullylarge
numberofthem:thefollowinglist,ofnecessity,makesbutasmallselection.
Thelargest,mostcomprehensive,classisnewlfm;the
lfm
partofthenameimplies
thattheclasscancreateletters,faxesandmemoranda.Thedocumentationisvoluminous,
andthepackageseemsveryflexible.
OtherclassesrecommendedforinclusioninthisFAQareakletterandisodoc.
Thedinbrief class,whilerecommended,isonlydocumentedinGerman.
ThereareletterclassesineachoftheexcellentKOMA-script(scrlttr2:documenta-
tionisavailableinEnglish)andntgclass(brief:documentationinDutchonly)bundles.
Whiletheseareprobablygood(sincethebundlesthemselvesinspiretrust)they’venot
beenspecificallyrecommendedbyanyusers.
akletter.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/akletter
brief.cls
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/ntgclass
dinbrief.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/dinbrief
isodoc.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/isodoc
Knuth’sletter.tex:
systems/knuth/local/lib/letter.tex
newlfm.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/newlfm
scrlttr2.cls
: Distributedaspart of
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
201 Other“documentfont”sizes?
TheLaTeXstandardclasseshaveaconceptofa(base)“documentfont”size;thissizeis
thebasisonwhichotherfontsizes(thosefrom
\tiny
to
\Huge
)aredetermined.The
classesaredesignedontheassumptionthattheywon’tbeusedwithsizesotherthanthe
setthatLaTeXoffersbydefault(10–12pt),butpeopleregularlyfindtheyneedother
sizes. Theproperresponsetosucharequirementistoproduceanewdesignforthe
document,butmanypeopledon’tfancydoingthat.
Asimplesolution is to usetheextsizes bundle. This bundleoffers“extended”
versionsofthearticle,report,bookandletterclasses,atsizesof8,9,14,17and20ptas
wellasthestandard10–12pt.Sincelittlehasbeendonetotheseclassesotherthanto
adjustfontsizesandthingsdirectlyrelatedtothem,theymaynotbeoptimal—butthey
areatleastpractical.
MoresatisfactoryaretheKOMA-scriptclasses,whicharedesignedtoworkproperly
withtheclassoptionfilesthatcomewithextsizes,andthememoirclassthathasitsown
optionsfordocumentfontsizes9pt–12pt,14pt,17pt,20pt,25pt,30pt,36pt,48ptand
60pt.Theclassesalsooffersizesetupforanyoldfontsize,andthescrextendpackage
canextendthisfacilityforusewithanyclass:
133
85
\usepackage[fontsize=12.3]{scrextend}
willindeedsetupthemaindocumentfonttohavesize
12.3pt
withanappropriate
defaultbaselineskip.Thepackage“knows”aboutKOMA-script’sdefaultsizes,andfor
eccentricsizessuchastheexample,itwillproduceawarning:
Using fallback calculation to setup font sizes
(usersshouldavoidbecomingexcitedaboutthat...).Thepackagesuffersfromthesame
problemasdoesextsizes:theresultingfontsizesaretheonlyfeatureofthedocument
thatischanged,andtheappearanceoftheresultingdocumentwillprobablynotbeas
goodasifthedocumentclasshadbeendesignedforuseatthesizechosen.
Manyclasses,designedtoproducetypesetresultsotherthanon“ordinary”paper,
willhavetheirownfontsizemechanismsandrangesofsizes.Thisistrue,forexample,
ofposterclasses(suchasa0poster),andofpresentationandlecturingclasses(suchas
beamer.
a0poster.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/a0poster
beamer.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/beamer
extsizesbundle
:
macros/latex/contrib/extsizes
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
scrextend.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
O.2 Documentstructure
202 Thestyleofdocumenttitles
Thetitlingpackageprovidesanumberof facilitiesthatpermitmanipulationofthe
appearanceofa
\maketitle
command,the
\thanks
commandswithinit,andsoon.
Thepackagealsodefinesa
titlingpage
environment,thatofferssomethinginbetween
thestandardclasses’
titlepage
optionandthe
titlepage
environment,andisitself
somewhatconfigurable.
Thememoirclassincludesallthefunctionalityofthetitlingpackage,whilethe
KOMA-scriptclasseshavetheirownrangeofdifferenttitlingstyles.
Finally,theindefatigableVincentZoonekyndsuppliesexamplesofhowtoprogram
alternativetitlestyles.Thewebpageisnotusefultousersunlesstheyarewillingtodo
theirownLaTeXprogramming.
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
titling.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/titling
203 Thestyleofsectionheadings
Supposethattheeditorofyourfavouritejournalhasspecifiedthatsectionheadingsmust
becentred,insmallcapitals,andsubsectionheadingsraggedrightinitalic,butthatyou
don’twanttogetinvolvedinthesortofprogrammingdescribedinsection2.2ofThe
LaTeXCompanion(seeLaTeXbooks;theprogrammingitselfisdiscussedelsewherein
thisFAQ).Thefollowinghackwillprobablysatisfyyoureditor.Defineyourselfnew
commands
\newcommand{\ssection}[1]{%
\section[#1]{\centering\normalfont\scshape #1}}
\newcommand{\ssubsection}[1]{%
\subsection[#1]{\raggedright\normalfont\itshape #1}}
andthenuse
\ssection
and
\ssubsection
inplaceof
\section
and
\subsection
.
Thisisn’tperfect:sectionnumbersremaininbold,andstarredformsneedaseparate
redefinition.
134
73
Thetitlesecpackageoffersastructuredapproachtotheproblem,basedonredef-
initionofthesectioningandchaptercommandsthemselves.Thisapproachallowsit
toofferradicaladjustment:itsoptionsprovide(ineffect)atoolboxfordesigningyour
ownsectioningcommands’output.
Thesectstypackageprovidesamoresimplystructuredsetoftools;whileitisless
powerfulthanistitlesec,itisperhapspreferableforminoradjustments,sinceyoucan
useitafterhavingreadasmallerproportionofthemanual.
Thefncychappackageprovidesanicecollectionofcustomisedchapterheading
designs.Theanonchappackageprovidesasimplemeansoftypesettingchapterheadings
“likesectionheadings”(i.e.,withoutthe“Chapter”partoftheheading);thetocbibind
packageprovidesthesamecommands,inpursuitofanotherend.
Thememoirclassincludesfacilitiesthatmatchsectstyandtitlesec,aswellasa
bundleof chapterheading styles(includingan anonchap-equivalent). TheKOMA-
script classesalso havesetsof toolsthatprovideequivalentfunctionality,notably
formattingspecifications
\partformat
,
\chapterformat
,
\sectionformat
,...,as
wellasseveralusefuloverallformattingspecificationsdefinedinclassoptions.
Finally,theindefatigableVincentZoonekyndsuppliesexamplesofhowtoprogram
alternativechapterheadingstylesandsectionheadingstyles.Thewebpagesprovide
programmingexamples,andexpectuserstoadaptthemtotheirownLaTeXuse.
anonchap.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/anonchap
fncychap.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/fncychap
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
sectsty.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/sectsty
titlesec.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/titlesec
tocbibind.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/tocbibind
204 Appendixes
LaTeX providesan exceedingly simplemechanism forappendixes: thecommand
\appendix
switchesthedocumentfromgeneratingsections(inarticleclass)orchapters
(inreportorbookclasses)toproducingappendixes.Sectionorchapternumberingis
restartedandtherepresentationofthecounterswitchestoalphabetic.So:
\section{My inspiration}
...
\section{Developing the inspiration}
...
\appendix
\section{How I became inspired}
...
wouldbetypeset(inanarticledocument)somethinglike:
1 Myinspiration
...
2 Developingtheinspiration
...
A HowIbecameinspired
...
whichisquiteenoughformanyordinarypurposes.Notethat,onceyou’veswitchedto
typesettingappendixes,LaTeXprovidesyouwithnowayback—onceyou’vehadan
appendix,youcannolongerhavean“ordinary”
\section
or
\chapter
.
135
73
Theappendixprovidesseveralwaysofelaboratingonthissimplesetup.Straightfor-
warduseofthepackageallowsyoutohaveaseparateheading,bothinthebodyofthe
documentandthetableofcontents;thiswouldbeachievedby
\usepackage{appendix}
...
\appendix
\appendixpage
\addappheadtotoc
The
\appendixpage
commandaddsaseparatetitle“Appendices”abovethefirstap-
pendix,and
\addappheadtotoc
addsasimilartitletothetableofcontents. These
simplemodificationscovermanypeople’sneedsaboutappendixes.
Thepackagealsoprovidesan
appendices
environment,whichprovidesforfancier
use.Theenvironmentisbestcontrolledbypackageoptions;theaboveexamplewould
beachievedby
\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}
...
\begin{appendices}
...
\end{appendices}
Thegreatthingthatthe
appendices
environmentgivesyou,isthatoncetheenvironment
ends,youcancarryonwithsectionsorchaptersasbefore—numberingisn’taffected
bytheinterveningappendixes.
Thepackageprovidesanotheralternativewayofsettingappendixes,asinferior
divisionsinthedocument.The
subappendices
environmentallowsyoutoputseparate
appendixesforaparticularsection,codedas
\subsection
s,orforaparticularchapter,
codedas
\section
s.Soonemightwrite:
\usepackage{appendix}
...
\section{My inspiration}
...
\begin{subappendices}
\subsection{How I became inspired}
...
\end{subappendices}
\section{Developing the inspiration}
...
Whichwillproduceoutputsomethinglike:
1 Myinspiration
...
1.A HowIbecameinspired
...
2 Developingtheinspiration
...
Therearemanyothermerrythingsonemaydowiththepackage;theuserisreferred
tothepackagedocumentationforfurtherdetails.
Thememoirclassincludesthefacilitiesoftheappendixpackage. TheKOMA-
scriptclassesoffera
\appendixprefix
commandformanipulatingtheappearanceof
appendixes.
appendix.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/appendix
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
136
103
205 Indentaftersectionheadings
LaTeXimplementsastylethatdoesn’tindentthefirstparagraphafterasectionheading.
Therearecoherentreasonsforthis,butnoteveryonelikesit.Theindentfirstpackage
suppressesthemechanism,sothatthefirstparagraphisindented.
indentfirst.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/required/tools
206 Howtocreatea
\subsubsubsection
LaTeX’ssetof“sections”stopsatthelevelof
\subsubsection
.Thisreflectsadesign
decisionbyLamport—for,afterall,whocanreasonablywantasectionwithsuchhuge
stringsofnumbersinfrontofit?
Infact,LaTeXstandardclassesdodefine“sectioning”levelslowerthan
\subsubsection
,
buttheydon’tformatthemlikesections(they’renotnumbered,andthetextisrun-in
aftertheheading). Thesedeeply inferior section commandsare
\paragraph
and
\subparagraph
;youcan (ifyoumust)arrangethat thesetwo commandsproduce
numberedheadings,sothatyoucanusethemas
\subsubsubsection
sandlower.
Thetitlesecpackageprovidesasensiblesetofmacrosforyoutoadjustthedefinitions
ofthesectioningmacros,anditmaybeusedtotransforma
\paragraph
’stypesetting
sothatitlookslikethatofa
\section
.
If you want to program the change yourself, you’ll find that the commands
(
\section
allthewaydownto
\subparagraph
)aredefinedintermsoftheinternal
\@startsection
command,which takes6arguments. Beforeattemptingthissort
ofwork,youarewelladvisedtoreadtheLaTeXsources(
ltsect.dtx
intheLaTeX
distribution)andthesourceofthestandardpackages(
classes.dtx
),ortomakeuse
oftheLaTeXCompanion,whichdiscussestheuseof
\@startsection
forthissortof
thing.
YouwillnotethatLamportdidn’tgoonadding“
sub
”tothenamesofsectioning
commands,whencreatingcommandsforthelowestlevelsofadocument.Thiswould
seemsensibletoanybutthemostrigoroussticklerforsymmetry—itwouldsurely
challengeprettymuchanyone’sreadingofthesourceofadocument,iftherewasaneed
todistinguish
\subsubsubsection
and
\subsubsubsubsection
LaTeXsource:
macros/latex/base
titlesec.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/titlesec
207 Thestyleofcaptions
Changestothestyleofcaptionsmaybemadebyredefiningthecommandsthatproduce
thecaption. So,forexample,
\fnum@figure
(whichproducesthefloatnumberfor
figurefloats)mayberedefined,inapackageofyourown,orbetween
\makeatletter
–
\makeatother
:
\renewcommand{\fnum@figure}{\textbf{Fig.~\thefigure}}
whichwillcausethenumbertobetypesetinboldface.(Notethattheoriginaldefinition
used
\figurename
—
\figurename
.)Moreelaboratechangescanbemadebypatching
the
\caption
command,butsincetherearepackagestodothejob,suchchanges(which
cangetrathertricky)aren’trecommendedforordinaryusers.
Thefloatpackageprovidessomecontroloftheappearanceofcaptions,thoughit’s
principallydesignedforthecreationofnon-standardfloats.Thecaptionandccaption
(notethedouble“c”)packagesprovidearangeofdifferentformattingoptions.
ccaption also provides‘continuation’ captionsandcaptions that can beplaced
outsideoffloatenvironments.The(verysimple)capt-of packagealsoallowscaptions
outsideafloatenvironment.Notethatcareisneededwhendoingthingsthatassumethe
sequenceoffloats(asincontinuationcaptions),orpotentiallymixnon-floatingcaptions
withfloatingones.
Thememoirclassincludesthefacilitiesoftheccaptionpackage;theKOMA-script
classesalsoprovideawiderangeofcaption-formattingcommands.
Thedocumentationofcaptionisavailablebyprocessingafile
manual.tex
,which
iscreatedwhenyouunpack
caption.dtx
137
89
Notethatthepreviously-recommendedpackagecaption2hasnowbeenovertaken
againbycaption;however,caption2remainsavailableforuseinolderdocuments.
caption.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/caption
capt-of.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/capt-of
ccaption.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/ccaption
float.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/float
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
208 Alternativehead-andfootlinesinLaTeX
ThestandardLaTeXdocumentclassesdefineasmallsetof‘pagestyles’whichspecify
head-andfootlinesforyourdocument(thoughtheycanbeusedforotherpurposes,
too).Thestandardsetisverylimited,butLaTeXiscapableofmuchmore.Theinternal
LaTeXcodingneededtochangepagestylesisnotparticularlychallenging,butthere’s
noneed—therearepackagesthatprovideusefulabstractionsthatmatchthewaywe
typicallythinkaboutthesethings.
Thefancyhdrpackageprovidessimplemechanismsfordefiningprettymuchevery
head-orfootlinevariationyoucouldwant;thedirectoryalsocontainssomedocumenta-
tionandoneortwosmallerpackages.Fancyhdralsodealswiththetediousbehaviour
ofthestandardstyleswithinitialpages,byenablingyoutodefinedifferentpagestyles
forinitialandforbodypages.
While fancyhdr will work with KOMA-script classes, an alternative package,
scrpage2,easesintegrationwiththeclasses.Scrpage2mayalsobeusedasafancyhdr
replacement,providingsimilarfacilities.TheKOMA-scriptclassesthemselvespermit
somemodestredefinitionofhead-andfootlines,withouttheuseoftheextrapackage.
Memoiralso containsthefunctionalityoffancyhdr,andhasseveralpredefined
styles.
Documentation of fancyhdr is distributed with thepackage, in aseparate file;
documentationofscrpage2isintegratedwiththe
scrgui
*
documentationfilesthatare
distributedwiththeKOMA-scriptclasses.
fancyhdr.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr
KOMAscriptbundle:
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
209 Widefiguresintwo-columndocuments
Floatingfiguresand tablesordinarilycomeoutthesamewidthasthepage,butin
two-columndocumentsthey’rerestrictedtothewidthofthecolumn.Thisissometimes
not goodenough; so therearealternativeversionsofthefloat environments—in
two-columndocuments,
figure
*
providesafloatingpage-widefigure(and
table
*
a
page-widetable)whichwilldothenecessary.
The“
*
”edfloatenvironmentscanonlyappearatthetopofapage,oronawhole
page—
h
or
b
floatplacementdirectivesaresimplyignored.
Unfortunately, page-wideequationscan only beaccommodated insidefloat en-
vironments. Youshouldincludethemin
figure
environments, or usethefloat or
ccaptionpackagetodefineanewfloattype.
ccaption.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/ccaption
float.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/float
210 1-columnabstractin2-columndocument
Oneoftenrequiresthattheabstractofapapershouldappearacrosstheentirepage,even
inatwo-columnpaper.Therequiredtrickis:
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
...
\begin{document}
138
82
... % \author, etc
\twocolumn[
\begin{@twocolumnfalse}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
...
\end{abstract}
\end{@twocolumnfalse}
]
Unfortunately,withtheabove
\thanks
won’tworkinthe
\author
list. Ifyouneed
suchspecially-numberedfootnotes,youcanmakethemlikethis:
\title{Demonstration}
\author{Me, You\thanks{}}
\twocolumn[
... as above ...
]
{
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}%
{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\footnotetext[1]{Thanks for nothing}
}
andsoon.
Asanalternative,amongotherfacilitiestheabstractpackageprovidesa
\saythanks
commandanda
onecolabstract
environmentwhichremovetheneedtofiddlewith
the
\thanks
andfootnoting.Theycanbeusedlikethis:
\twocolumn[
\maketitle
% full width title
\begin{onecolabstract} % ditto abstract
... text
\end{onecolabstract}
]
\saythanks
% typeset any \thanks
Thememoirclassoffersallthefacilitiesofabstract.
abstract.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/abstract
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
211 Reallyblankpagesbetweenchapters
Ifyou’reusingthestandardclasses,youneedtotakespecialaction;thememoirclass
andtheKoma-Scriptclassesprovidetheirownsupportforthis—seebelow.
Book(bydefault)andreport(with
openright
classoption)ensurethateachchapter
startson aright-hand (recto)page; they dothisbyinserting a
\cleardoublepage
commandbetweenchapters(ratherthanamere
\clearpage
). Theemptypagethus
createdgetstohaveanormalrunningheader,whichsomepeopledon’tlike.
The(excellent)fancyhdrmanualcoversthisissue,basicallyadvisingthecreationof
acommand
\clearemptydoublepage
:
\let\origdoublepage\cleardoublepage
\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
\clearpage
{\pagestyle{empty}\origdoublepage}%
}
The“obvious”thingisthentousethiscommandtoreplace
\cleardoublepage
ina
patchedversionofthe
\chapter
command.(Makeapackageofyourowncontaining
acopyofthecommandoutoftheclass.)Thisisn’tparticularlydifficult,butyoucan
insteadsimplysubvert
\cleardoublepage
(whichisn’toftenusedelsewhere):
139
97
\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage
Note: this command works because
\clearemptydoublepage
uses a copy of
\cleardoublepage
: instructions on macro programming g patchingtechniquesex-
plaintheproblemandwhythisisasolution.
Theemptypagepackagedoesthissortofthingforyou;allyouneeddoisloadthe
package,anditdoestherest.
The KOMA-Script replacements for thebook and report classes (scrbook and
scrreprtoffersclassoptions
cleardoubleempty
,
cleardoubleplain
and
cleardoublestandard
(usingtherunningpagestyle,asnormal)thatcontroltheappearanceoftheseempty
pages.Theclassesalsoofferdo-it-yourselfcommands
\cleardoubleempty
(etc.).
Thememoirclass(andthenextpagepackage)providecommands
\cleartooddpage
and
\cleartoevenpage
,whichbothtakeanoptionalargument(thefirst,withnoargu-
ment,beinganequivalentof
\cleardoublepage
).Onecanachieve‘special’effectsby
puttingcommandsintheoptionalargument:the
\clearemptydoublepage
we’reafter
wouldbeachievedby
\cleartooddpage[\thispagestyle{empty}]
.Thecommands
willalsoserveifyouwantthesurrealeffectof“Thispageintentionallyleftblank”in
thecentreofanotherwiseemptypage.
emptypage.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/emptypage
fancyhdr.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr
memoir.cls
:
macros/latex/contrib/memoir
nextpage.sty
:
macros/latex/contrib/misc/nextpage.sty
scrbook.cls,scrrept.cls
: Part of
macros/latex/contrib/koma-script
212 Balancingcolumnsattheendofadocument
ThetwocolumnoptionofthestandardclassescausesLaTeXtosetthetextofadocument
intwocolumns.However,thelastpageofthedocumenttypicallyendsupwithcolumns
ofdifferentlengths—suchcolumnsaresaidtobe“unbalanced”.Many(most?)people
don’tlikeunbalancedcolumns.
Thesimplestsolutiontotheproblemistousethemulticolpackageinplaceofthe
twocolumnoption,asmulticolbalancesthecolumnsonthefinalpagebydefault.How-
ever,theuseofmulticoldoescomeatacost:itsspecialoutputroutinedisallowstheuse
ofin-columnfloats,thoughitdoesstillpermitfull-width(e.g.,
figure
*
environment)
floats.
Asaresult,thereisaconstantpushforameansofbalancingcolumnsattheendof
atwocolumndocument.Ofcourse,thejobcanbedonemanually:
\pagebreak
inserted
attheappropriateplaceonthelastpagecanoftenproducetherighteffect,butthis
seldomappeals,andifthelastpageismadeupofautomatically-generatedtext(for
example,bibliographyorindex)insertingthecommandwillbedifficult.
Theflushendpackageoffersasolutiontothisproblem.It’sasomewhatdangerous
pieceofmacrocode,whichpatchesoneofthemostintricatepartsoftheLaTeXkernel
withoutdeployinganyofthesafeguardsdiscussedinpatchingcommands.Thepackage
onlychangesthebehaviourat end document (its
\flushend
command is enabled
bydefault),andoneothercommand permitsadjustment ofthefinalbalance; other
packagesinthebundleprovidemeansforinsertionoffullwidthmaterialintwo-column
documents.
Thebalancepackagealsopatchestheoutputroutine(somewhatmorecarefullythan
flushend).
Theusershouldbeawarethatanyofthesepackagesareliabletobecomeconfused
in thepresenceoffloats: ifproblemsarise, manualadjustment of thefloatsinthe
documentislikelytobenecessary.Itisthisdifficulty(what’srequiredinanyinstance
can’treallybeexpressedincurrentLaTeX)thatledtheauthorofmulticoltosuppress
single-column-widefloats.
balance.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/preprint
flushend.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/contrib/sttools
multicol.sty
: Distributedaspartof
macros/latex/required/tools
140
Documents you may be interested
Documents you may be interested
