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You will get a similar dialog to the one you got in Excel 2003. Again, make sure the normal

style uses a font you have in your server.

The “Normal” style is used not only for empty cells, but to set the column widths. For

For

example, this is how an empty sheet looks with “Normal” style using Arial 10:

And this is how it looks using Script MT 36:

As you can see, the font used in the “Normal” style is used to draw the headings “A”, “B”,

“1”, etc., and even more important, it is used to calculate the column width. Column with is

measured as a percentage of the “0” character width in the normal font. If you change

the normal font, column widths will change.

If you do not have the “Normal” font installed in your server, Windows will replace it with a

substitute, and it will probably have a different width for the “0”, leading to a wrong

column width. So it is important that you have that font installed in your server.

Dealing with missing fonts and glyphs

There are three main font-related problems you might find when converting an xls file to

PDF, and we are going to cover them in this section. The errors are non fatal, and that

means that the file will be generated anyway, but it will not look as good as it could.

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You can control what to do when any of these errors happen by hooking an event to the

FlexCelTrace static class. From this event, you could write a log file when any of these errors

happen, warn the user, or just raise an exception if you want to abort file generation.

Problem 1: Missing fonts

This is normally the easiest one to solve, and normally happens when deploying an

application to a server. As explained in the section above, this often happens with “Calibri”

font that gets installed by Excel 2007, and probably will not be installed in the server. As

FlexCel needs the font to be present in order to create the pdf file, it will substitute it with a

“similar” font, normally Arial or Microsoft sans serif.

This might not be an issue if there are any fonts in the system that are similar to the one

being replaced, but it can be a big issue with Calibri, since that font has very different

metrics from the font it gets replaced (Arial). As an example, here you can see an Excel

2007 exported to PDF in a machine that has Calibri installed an in other that doesn't:

With Calibri installed in the fonts folder:

Without Calibri installed (Replaced by Arial):

As you can see in the images, Calibri is much narrower than Arial, so the text in cell B2 “This

Text is in Calibri” is cut and only “Calibri” shows in the second screenshot. If you are seeing

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lots of cut text in the server while the files are exported fine in your development machines,

this is probably the cause.

The solution for this problem is easy; make sure you have all the fonts you use installed in

your system. If you want to get notified whenever this automatic font replace happens,

you can catch the “FlexCelError.PdfFontNotFound” errors in FlexCelTrace, and use it to

notify the user he should install the missing fonts.

Problem 2: Missing Glyphs

This problem happens when you are using a font that doesn't contain the character you

want to display. If you for example write

“日本に行きたい。”

inside a cell and keep the font “Arial”, you will see the correct characters in Excel, but

when exporting you might see blank squares like this:

The reason for this is that “Arial” doesn't actually contain Japanese characters, and Excel is

“under the hood” using other font (normally MS Mincho) to display the characters. To

emulate this behavior, FlexCel provides a “FallbackFonts” property, where you can enter a

list of fonts to try if the font that was supposed to be used doesn't have the character. If no

font in the FallbackFont chain contains the glyph, you will see a blank square.

The solution in this case is to use fonts that actually have the characters you want to

display, or ensure that some fonts in the FallbackFonts properties have them. By default

FlexCel uses “Arial Unicode MT” as a fallback font, but you can add as many others as you

need.

If you want to get notified when this happens so you can warn the user to change the

fonts, you can catch the “FlexCelError.PdfGlyphNotInFont” and

“FlexCelError.PdfUsedFallbackFont” errors in FlexCelTrace.

Problem 3: Faux Italics and Bolds

The last problem is related to fonts that don't have a specific “Italic” or “Bold” variant.

Normally, a quality font comes with four files including four variants of the font: Bold, Italic

and BoldItalic. If you look in your font folder, you will see things like this:

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That is, a different file for each font variant. If the font comes with only one “Normal” file,

the italics can be faked by the system by slanting the characters, and bold can be faked

by adding some weight to the characters. But of course this leads to low quality results, and

should be avoided whenever possible.

There is other problem with “fake” Italics and Bold, and that is that Acrobat will not show

them when you embed the fonts.

The solution to this problem is to use fonts that include the variants you need.

Normally this is not a problem, since all quality fonts designed to be used with Italics and

Bold already come with files for those variants. But if absolutely you need to use fonts that

don't come with the variants, you might at least not embed the fonts, so the “fake” style

will show.

To be notified whenever FlexCel finds a “fake” style, you can use the

“FlexCelError.PdfFauxBoldOrItalics” notifications in FlexCelTrace.

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Accessibility of the generated files

Setting a natural language

It is important to set a natural language for the document if you know it. This way a screen

reader or a text-to-speech engine will be able to correctly read the text out loud.

To set up the language in FlexCel, use code like this:

using (FlexCelPdfExport pdf = new FlexCelPdfExport(xls))

))

{

pdf.Properties.Language = "es-es";

;

…

Tagging the files

FlexCel allows to create Tagged PDFs, which contain extra information about the

document structure (like for example what are the cells in the table). This information allows

a screen reader to know the correct order to read the text.

As it is an important accessibility feature, since FlexCel 6.5 files are tagged by default. You

must explicitly turn tagging off in order to get untagged pdfs. Note that tagged pdfs are

bigger than normal ones, so this might be a reason to turn it off. But also note that newer

Acrobat versions will display a dialog when opening untagged pdf files:

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Creating PDF/A files

PDF/A files are files designed specifically for archiving. FlexCel has full support for the

variations of the standard: PDF/A1a, PDF/A1b, PDF/A2a, PDF/A2a, PDF/A3a and PDF/A3b.

If you need to choose a version, we would recommend PDF/A2 or PDF/A3. PDF/A1 is a little

too restrictive, and lacks some features that FlexCel could use to generate better files: It

doesn’t support transparency and it doesn’t allow compressing the tags in the document.

Due to the lack of transparency, if you have any transparent image in your file it might look

wrong. Due to the lack of tag compression, files will be much bigger than PDF/A2.

In order to create PDFA files, you need to set PdfWriter or FlexCelPdfExport property

PdfType to the correct version. For example:

pdf.PdfType = TPdfType.PDFA1

Then you need to choose if you want to generate “a” (PDF/A1a, PDF/A2a, PDF/A3a) or

) or

“b” (PDF/A1b, PDF/A2b, PDF/A3b) files. “a” files are the most complete, and they require

equire

you to tag the file.

When using FlexCelPdfExport, you would just set the correct option by changing the

TagMode property:

pdf.TagMode = TTagMode.None; //Generates “b” files

As the TagMode is Full by default, FlexCel by default generates “a” files.

When using PdfWriter, you need to manually tag the files, as FlexCel can’t know the

structure form the drawing commands. You need to use the methods

TagContentBegin /

TagContentEnd

to specify the blocks of text you want to tag, and then set the

TagActions

property to specify how that tagged content relates to the structure of the

file. Tagging in PdfWriter is an advanced topic outside the scope of this document. Due to

the way PdfWriter is designed, it won’t keep tags in memory and you need to write them

directly to the file as you are creating it.

Signing PDF Files

FlexCel allows you to sign your PDF files with a certificate, so any change to the file will

invalidate it. This is how a signature looks like in Acrobat 8:

In Acrobat 7 you will see the same sidebar at the left, but there is no blue bar at the top.

Important Note: FlexCel signing algorithm is supported only in Acrobat 7 or

newer, it will not work in Acrobat 6 or 5 since those versions do not have

the required support. Because of this reason, the header in the generated

PDF file will automatically switch to say that the file is “Adobe 7 or newer”

compatible when you include a signature in your files. If there are no

signatures, the default header specifies the file is “Acrobat 5 or newer”

compatible.

It is also worth noting that users will still be able to see the generated files in Acrobat 5

or 6, but they will get a warning when opening them and the signature will not validate.

Concepts of signing are outside the scope of this document, but you can find a lot of

information in signing in the Acrobat documentation or just in Internet. A good place to

start might be:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/07/03/NETSecurity

Customizing the Signing Engine

FlexCel comes with a built-in signing implementation, but it allows you to change it by your

own. There is mainly one reason you might want to do that:

The built-in engine is not optimal. It uses the standard .NET PKCS classes, and those

those

classes do not allow for incremental signing. This means that the whole PDF document

must be kept in memory so we can pass all the contents as a byte array to the signing

method in .NET. If you have a library that supports incremental signing, that is, each

time a small group of bytes is written you recalculate the hash instead of calculating

the whole hash at the end, you can save memory by creating your own engine. Just

make sure you need the extra performance before doing so, because normally the

built in implementation is good enough, and has the advantage of being 100%

managed and built-in in the framework.

If you decide to create your own Signer class, you need to implement two simple abstract

classes:

1. TPdfSigner:

This is the class that implements the signing. You need to override three methods:

Write, GetSignature and EstimateLength. The first method is called each time some bytes

ytes

are written to the file. You should use them to calculate a PKCS7 signature with them. If you

can't calculate the signature incrementally you will need to buffer them and calculate it

when GetSignature is called. The second method, GetSignature, is called only once at the

end of the pdf file and it should return the PKCS encoded signature as an array of bytes.

The third method must return the length of the byte array that will be returned by

GetSignature or a bigger number, but never smaller. Note that this third method will be

called before the signature is computed so you might need to estimate the length.

2. TPdfSignerFactory:

This class is really simple, and it just should return an instance of the particular TPdfSigner

child you created in 1).

When creating your own classes, it might be helpful to look at the TBuiltInSigner

implementation on file Signatures.cs. Also look at PdfExport demo.

emo.

Export to PDF and FlexCel recalculation

When you create a report with FlexCel most formulas are recalculated, but some are not.

This is not an issue when opening the xls file on Excel, as Excel will recalculate the whole file

again, but will be an issue when exporting the xls file directly to PDF.

FlexCel implements over 200 Excel functions, and most used formulas are all there so you

should not experience big issues. But you need to make sure you do not use any not

implemented function to get a properly recalculated sheet. You can find a list of currently

implemented functions on the file SupportedFunctions.xls. All functions mentioned there

are safe to use.

FlexCel comes with a little utility, the demo “Validate Recalc” that will allow you to check if

all the formulas on an xls file are ok to use. And of course you can use the code on this

demo inside your own application to tell your users when they use a not supported formula.

Using FlexCelPdfExport on MONO (linux)

Mono is an incredible platform to deploy your .NET applications, and as FlexCel.NET is 100%

managed code, most of the time running a FlexCel.NET application on MONO means just

to copying the files to a linux server.

But in the case of Pdf export there is one issue that you need to consider:

As explained before on this document, in Linux the True-Type fonts are not installed on

“\Windows\Fonts”, and might be on “/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/truetype” (this folder

is folder

might change with the Linux distribution) . You can find where the ttf files are by writing

find / -name *.ttf

on a terminal window.

Note that FlexCel will search for files with a ttf extension in lowercase.

Fonts in Windows might be uppercase (i.e. SYSTEM.TTF), and you need

to rename them (i.e. SYSTEM.ttf).

If your ttf fonts are not on “/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/truetype”, you should make a symbolic

link between the place where flexcel.dll is and the Font folder. For example,

ln -s /font_folder Path_Where_FlexCel.dll_is/Fonts

If you prefer, instead of creating a symbolic link you can create an OnGetFontFolder

event. The drawback of this is that the folder will be hardcoded on the application, and it

will not be so easy to move it from a machine to other.

By the way, you will probably want to install the core Windows true type fonts on Linux:

http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/

Your Linux distribution might have those core fonts available as RPM too.

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