open byte array pdf in browser c#: Adding text to pdf document control SDK platform web page wpf azure web browser 9789241564854

周 e adverse human, social and economic consequences of noncommunicable diseases

(NCDs) are felt by all societies and economies, but they are particularly devastating in

poor and vulnerable populations (1−4). Since the  rst global status report on NCDs

(2010) was published (3), the global agenda on NCDs has moved forward considerably

(see Fig I.1). In September 2011, at a United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs,

heads of state and government formally recognized these diseases as a major threat

to economies and societies and placed them high on the development agenda. 周 at

meeting agreed on a bold set of commitments to address the global burden of NCDs

(5). In order to translate these commitments into action, in May 2013 the Sixty-sixth

World Health Assembly adopted the Global action plan for the prevention and control

of noncommunicable diseases 2013−2020 (known as the Global NCD Action Plan)

and a comprehensive global monitoring framework, including a set of nine voluntary

global targets (see Box I.1) and 25 indicators (see Annex 1) (1). 周 is second World

Health Organization global status report on noncommunicable diseases (2014) is

structured according to these nine voluntary global targets, which will need to be

attained by 2025 if the world is to realize the commitments made in the United

Nations’ Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on

the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases (5).

Introduction: Current status of the global

agenda on prevention and control of

noncommunicable diseases

Fig. I.1 Global milestones in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases

Adding text to pdf document - insert text into PDF content in C#.net, ASP.NET, MVC, Ajax, WinForms, WPF

XDoc.PDF for .NET, providing C# demo code for inserting text to PDF file

add text to pdf without acrobat; how to add text fields in a pdf

Adding text to pdf document - VB.NET PDF insert text library: insert text into PDF content in vb.net, ASP.NET, MVC, Ajax, WinForms, WPF

Providing Demo Code for Adding and Inserting Text to PDF File Page in VB.NET Program

how to enter text in pdf; how to add text field to pdf form

Global status report on NCDs 2014

周 e 2011 Political Declaration (5) was one of

the major global milestones in the prevention and

control of NCDs (see Fig. I.1). It rea rmed the lead-

ership and coordination role of the World Health

Organization (WHO) and gave it several time-

bound assignments, which have been completed,

as set out below..

周 e Global NCD Action Plan builds on key strat-

egies and resolutions (6−16). It has six objectives

(see Box I.2), each o ering a menu of policy options

and actions for implementation by Member States,

international partners and WHO.

周 e overarching goal of the Global NCD Action

Plan is to achieve the 2025 voluntary global targets

(see Box I.1). 周 ere has been remarkable progress in

implementing the  rst objective of the plan. Inter-

national cooperation and advocacy have raised the

priority accorded to prevention and control of NCDs.

Addressing NCDs is now recognized as a priority not

only for health but also for social development and

investments in people (17−28). An NCD target has

been incorporated in the sustainable development

goals and NCDs are poised to be an integral com-

ponent of the post-2015 development agenda (29).

Progress in implementation of the other objectives

Box I.1 Voluntary global targets for prevention and control

ofnoncommunicable diseases to be attained by 2025

(1) A 25% relative reduction in the overall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dia-

betes, or chronic respiratory diseases

(2) At least 10% relative reduction in the harmful use of alcohol, as appropriate, within the natio-

nal context

(3) A 10% relative reduction in prevalence of insuﬃ cient physical activity

(4) A 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of salt/sodium

(5) A 30% relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use

(6) A 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure or contain the prevalence

of raised blood pressure, according to national circumstances

(7) Halt the rise in diabetes and obesity

(8) At least 50% of eligible people receive drug therapy and counselling (including glycaemic

control) to prevent heart attacks and strokes

(9) An 80% availability of the aﬀ ordable basic technologies and essential medicines, including

generics, required to treat major noncommunicable diseases in both public and private facilities

VB.NET PDF Page Insert Library: insert pages into PDF file in vb.

DLLs for Adding Page into PDF Document in VB.NET Class. Add necessary references: RasterEdge.Imaging.Basic.dll. RasterEdge.Imaging.Basic.Codec.dll.

adding a text field to a pdf; adding text to a pdf document acrobat

C# PDF Annotate Library: Draw, edit PDF annotation, markups in C#.

C#.NET: Add Text Box to PDF Document. Provide users with examples for adding text box to PDF and edit font size and color in text box field in C#.NET program.

add text box to pdf; add text in pdf file online

Introduction

of the Global NCD Action Plan, and attainment of the

global targets, are largely determined by target-ori-

ented action, capacity and resources at country level.

周 e aim of this global status report on NCDs is

to further support the implementation of the Global

NCD Action Plan by:

■

providing information on voluntary global tar-

gets and national NCD targets and advice on

how to scale up national e orts to attain them

in the context of implementation of multisectoral

national action plans;

■

providing the 2010 baseline estimates on NCD

mortality and risk factors (see Annexes 2-4), so

that countries may begin reporting to WHO on

progress made in attaining the targets, starting

in 2015;

■

providing the latest available estimates on

NCD mortality (2012) and risk factors (see

Annexes 2-4);

■

presenting case-studies of successful country and

regional action, to demonstrate how implemen-

tation barriers could be overcome at the country

level to attain national targets (see Chapters 1-11).

周 e primary target audience of this report are

ministers of health. Other target audiences include

policy-makers in health and relevant non-health sec-

tors, health o cials, nongovernmental organizations,

academia, development agencies and civil society.

Since the United Nations high-level meeting,

WHO – through its governing bodies and with

the participation of Member States – has also

completed other global assignments (30) that will

support the implementation of the action plan at

global, regional and country levels. 周 ese assign-

ments include the development of:

■

a limited set of action plan indicators for moni-

toring progress in implementing the Global NCD

Action Plan;

■

the terms of reference for the United Nations

Interagency Task Force for the Prevention

and Control of NCDs, established by the

Secretary-General;

■

the terms of reference for the global coordination

mechanism for prevention and control of NCDs.

周 e Interagency Task Force has been established

to facilitate the response of the United Nations sys-

tem to country demand for technical assistance. It

will be convened by WHO and will report to the

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) through

the Secretary-General (31).

周 e purpose of the global coordination mech-

anism is to facilitate and enhance coordination of

activities, multistakeholder engagement, and action,

across sectors at global, regional and national levels.

周 e aim will be to contribute to the implementa-

tion of the Global NCD Action Plan, while avoiding

Box I.2 Objectives of the Global NCD Action Plan (1)

1. To raise the priority accorded to the prevention and control of NCDs in global, regional and national agendas

and internationally agreed development goals, through strengthened international cooperation and advoca-

cy.

2. To strengthen national capacity, leadership, governance, multisectoral action and partnerships to accelerate

country response for the prevention and control of NCDs.

3. To reduce modiﬁ able risk factors for NCDs and underlying social determinants through creation of health-pro-

moting environments.

4. To strengthen and orient health systems to address the prevention and control of NCDs and the underlying

social determinants through people-centred primary health care and universal health coverage.

5. To promote and support national capacity for high-quality research and development for the prevention and

control of NCDs.

6. To monitor the trends and determinants of NCDs and evaluate progress in their prevention and control.

VB.NET PDF Library SDK to view, edit, convert, process PDF file

Feel free to define text or images on PDF document and extract accordingly. Capable of adding PDF file navigation features to your VB.NET program.

add text to pdf online; adding text to pdf

VB.NET PDF Text Box Edit Library: add, delete, update PDF text box

C#.NET Winforms Document Viewer, C#.NET WPF Document Viewer. VB.NET PDF - Add Text Box to PDF Page in VB Provide VB.NET Users with Solution of Adding Text Box to

add text box to pdf file; how to insert text into a pdf

Global status report on NCDs 2014

duplication of eﬀ orts and using resources e ciently

(32).

On 10−11 July 2014, the United Nations General

Assembly conducted a comprehensive review, tak-

ing stock of progress in implementing the commit-

ments of the Political Declaration (5), identifying

ways to address gaps, and rea rming political com-

mitment to respond to the challenge of NCDs(33).

 e commitments made by countries in the out-

come document include the following:

Building on the guidance provided by the WHO

Global NCD Action Plan 2013−2020 (1):

■

integrate NCDs into health planning and national

development plans;

■

by 2015, set national NCD targets for 2025, con-

sistent with voluntary global targets;

■

by 2015, develop national NCD multisectoral

plans to achieve the national targets;

■

by 2016, implement policies and interventions to

reduce NCD risk factors and underlying social

determinants;

■

by 2016, strengthen and orient health systems to

address NCDs, through people-centred primary

health care and universal health coverage;

■

report on the progress in attaining the global

targets, using the established indicators in the

global monitoring framework.

Member States have agreed that the United

Nations will convene a third high-level meeting on

NCDs in 2018 to take stock of national progress

(33). As discussed in this report, much remains to

be done in all countries, and especially in donor-de-

pendent nations, to attain the voluntary global tar-

gets by 2025 (see Box I.3).  ere is no single path-

way to attain NCD targets that  ts all countries, as

they are at diﬀ erent points in their progress in the

prevention and control of NCDs and at diﬀ erent

levels of socioeconomic development. However all

countries can bene t from the information and

guidance presented in this report, on voluntary

global targets and national NCD targets and how

to scale up national eﬀ orts to attain them.

Box I.3 Key messages of the Global Status Report onNoncommunicable diseases 2014

Message 1 Noncommunicable diseases act as key barriers to poverty alleviation and sustainable development

Message 2 While some countries are making progress, the majority are oﬀ course to meet the global NCD

targets

Message 3 Countries can move from political commitment to action by prioritizing high-impact, aﬀ ordable

interventions

Message 4 All countries need to set national NCD targets and be accountable for attaining them

Message 5 Structures and processes for multisectoral and intersectoral collaboration need to be established

Message 6 Investment in health systems is critical for improving NCD outcomes

Message 7 Institutional and human resource capacities and ﬁ nancial resources for NCD prevention and control

require strengthening.

C# PDF Text Box Edit Library: add, delete, update PDF text box in

DNN (DotNetNuke), SharePoint. Provide .NET SDK library for adding text box to PDF document in .NET WinForms application. A web based

add text to pdf document online; add text to pdf file online

C# PDF Page Insert Library: insert pages into PDF file in C#.net

This C# .NET PDF document page inserting & adding component from RasterEdge is written in managed C# code and designed particularly for .NET class applications

add text field to pdf acrobat; how to add text field to pdf

Introduction

References

1. Global action plan for the prevention and control

of noncommunicable diseases 2013−2020. Geneva:

World Health Organization; 2013 (http://apps.who.

int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_

eng.pdf?ua=1, accessed 3 November 2014).

2. Global strategy for prevention and control of

noncommunicable diseases. Geneva: World Health

Organization; 2000 (http://apps.who.int/gb/archive/

pdf_files/WHA53/ResWHA53/17.pdf, accessed 3

November 2014).

3. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases

2010. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011

(http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_

full_en.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

4. From burden to “best buys”: reducing the economic

impact of non-communicable diseases in low- and

middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health

Organization and World Economic Forum; 2011

(www.who.int/nmh/publications/best_buys_summary,

accessed 3 November 2014).

5. Resolution 66/2. Political Declaration of the High-level

Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and

Control of Non-communicable Diseases. In: Sixty-sixth

session of the United Nations General Assembly. New

York: United Nations; 2011 (A/67/L.36; http://www.

who.int/nmh/events/un_ncd_summit2011/political_

declaration_en.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

6. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003 (http://

whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241591013.

pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

7. Resolution WHA57.17. Global strategy on diet,

physical activity and health. In: Fi晴 y-seventh World

Health Assembly, Geneva, 17−22 May 2004. Geneva:

World Health Organization; 2004 (http://apps.who.

int/gb/ebwha/pdf_ les/WHA57/A57_R17-en.pdf,

accessed 3 November 2014).

8. Resolution WHA63.13. Global strategy to reduce the

harmful use of alcohol. In: Sixty-third World Health

Assembly, Geneva, 17−21 May 2010. Geneva: World

Health Organization; 2010 (http:// apps.who.int/gb/

ebwha/pdf_ les/WHA63/A63_R13-en.pdf, accessed

22 October 2014).

9. Resolution WHA64.9. Sustainable health financing

structures and universal health coverage. In: Sixty-

fourth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 16−24 May

2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011 (http://

apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_ les/WHA64/A64_R9-en.

pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

10. Global strategy and plan of action on public health

innovation and intellectual property. Geneva: World

Health Organization; 2011 (http://www.who.int/

phi/publications/Global_Strategy_Plan_Action.pdf,

accessed 3 November 2014).

11. Consideration and endorsement of the Brazzaville

Declaration on Noncommunicable Diseases. In:

Sixty-second session of the Regional Committee

for Africa, Luanda, Republic of Angola, 19–23

November 2012. Brazzaville: WHO Regional O ce

for Africa; 2012 (AFR/RC62/R7; http://apps.who.int/

iris/bitstream/10665/80117/1/AFR-RC62-R7-e.pdf,

accessed 3 November 2014).

12. Resolution CSP28.R13. Strategy for the Prevention and

Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. In: 28th Pan

American Sanitary Conference; 64th Session of the

Regional Committee, Washington DC, USA, 17–21

September 2012. Washington, DC: Pan American

Health Organization; 2012 (http://www.paho.org/

hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_

view&gid=19265&Itemid=721, accessed 3 November

2014).

13. Resolution EMR/RC59/R2.  e Political Declaration

of the United Nations General Assembly on the

Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable

Diseases: commitments of Member States and the

way forward. In: Fi晴 y-ninth session of the Regional

Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean, October

2012. Cairo: WHO Regional O ce for the Eastern

Mediterranean; 2012 (http://applications.emro.

who.int/docs/RC_Resolutions_2012_2_14692_

EN.pdf?ua=1, accessed 3 November 2014).

14. Resolution EUR/RC61/12. Action plan for

implementation of the European Strategy for the

Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases

2012–2016. In: Sixty-first session of the Regional

Committee for Europe, Baku, Azerbaijan 12–15

September 2011. Copenhagen: WHO Regional O ce

for Europe; 2011 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/

assets/pdf_ le/0003/147729/wd12E_NCDs_111360_

revision.pdf?ua=1, accessed 3 November 2014).

15. Resolution SEA/RC65/R5. Noncommunicable

diseases, mental health and neurological disorders.

Delhi: WHO Regional O ce for South-East Asia; 2012

(http://www.searo.who.int/entity/noncommunicable_

diseases/events/regional_consultation_ncd/

documents/8_3_resolution.pdf, accessed 3 November

2014).

16. Resolution WPR/RC62.R2. Expanding and

intensifying noncommunicable disease prevention

and control. Manila: WHO Regional O ce for the

Western Paci c; 2011 (http://www2.wpro.who.int/NR/

rdonlyres/D80E593C-E7E6-4A4F-B9DF-07B76B284E5A/0/

R2Noncommunicablediseasepreventionandcontrol201112.

pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

VB.NET PDF Text Add Library: add, delete, edit PDF text in vb.net

NET Winforms Document Viewer, C#.NET WPF Document Viewer. VB.NET PDF - Annotate Text on PDF Page in VB Professional VB.NET Solution for Adding Text Annotation to

how to add text boxes to pdf; adding text to pdf online

C# PDF insert image Library: insert images into PDF in C#.net, ASP

Using this C# .NET image adding library control for PDF document, you can easily and quickly add an image, picture or logo to any position of specified PDF

how to add text to a pdf document using reader; add text to pdf file reader

Global status report on NCDs 2014

17. Resolution A/67/L.36. Global health and foreign

policy. In: Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations

General Assembly, 6 December 2012. New York:

United Nations; 2012 (http://www.un.org/ga/search/

view_doc.asp?symbol=A/67/L.36&referer=http://

www.un.org/en/ga/info/dra晴 /index.shtml&Lang=E,

accessed 3 November 2014).

18. Resolution A/RES/66/288.  e future we want. In:

Sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General

Assembly, 11 September 2012. New York: United

Nations; 2012 (http://imuna.org/sites/default/ les/

ARES66288.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

19. Report of the UN System Task Team on the Post-2015

Development Agenda. Realizing the future we want

for all. New York: United Nations; 2012 (http://www.

un.org/en/development/desa/policy/untaskteam_

undf/report.shtml, accessed 3 November 2014).

20. A new global partnership: eradicate poverty

and transform economies through sustainable

development.  e report of the High-Level Panel

of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development

Agenda. New York: United Nations; 2013 (http://

www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/

UN-Report.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

21. A life of dignity for all: accelerating progress towards

the Millennium Development Goals and advancing

the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015.

In: Sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General

Assembly, 26 July 2013. New York: United Nations;

2013 (A/68/202; http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

pdf/A%20Life%20of%20Dignity%20for%20All.pdf,

accessed 3 November 2014).

22. Declaration of Port-of-Spain: uniting to stop the

epidemic of chronic NCDs. Georgetown: Caribbean

Community; 2011 (http://www.caricom.org/jsp/

communications/meetings_statements/declaration_

port_of_spain_chronic_ncds.jsp, accessed 3

November 2014).

23. International Conference on Healthy Lifestyles and

Noncommunicable Diseases in the Arab World and

the Middle East. The Riyadh Declaration. Cairo:

WHO Regional O ce for the Eastern Mediterranean;

2012 (http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/ncd/

documents/Riyadh_Declaration.Final_bilingual.

pdf?ua=1, accessed 22 October 2014).

24. Vienna Declaration on Nutrition and

Noncommunicable Diseases in the Context of Health

2020. WHO Ministerial Conference on Nutrition

and Noncommunicable Diseases, Vienna, Austria,

4–5 July 2013. Copenhagen: WHO Regional O ce

for Europe; 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/

assets/pdf_ le/0003/234381/Vienna-Declaration-on-

Nutrition-and-Noncommunicable-Diseases-in-the-

Context-of-Health-2020-Eng.pdf?ua=1, accessed 3

November 2014).

25. Seoul Declaration on Noncommunicable Disease

Prevention and Control in the Western Paci c Region.

Manila: WHO Regional O ce for the Western Paci c;

2011 (http://www.who.int/entity/nmh/events/2011/

seoul_decl_20110318.pdf?ua=1, accessed 3 November

2014).

26. Libreville Declaration on Health and Environment

in Africa. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office

for Africa; 2008 (http://www.afro.who.int/

index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_

download&gid=3286, accessed 3 November 2014).

27. Honiara Communiqué on the Pacific

Noncommunicable Disease Crisis. Ninth meeting of

Ministers of Health for the Paci c Island Countries,

30 June 2011. Manila: WHO Regional O ce for the

Western Pacific; 2011 (http://www.wpro.who.int/

noncommunicable_diseases/honiara_communique.

pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

28. Moscow Declaration. First Global Ministerial

Conference on Healthy Lifestyles and

Noncommunicable Disease Control Moscow, 28−29

April 2011. New York: United Nations; 2011 (http://

www.un.org/en/ga/president/65/issues/moscow_

declaration_en.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

29. United Nations General Assembly Resolution

A/68/970. Integrated and coordinated implementation

of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United

Nations conferences and summits in the economic,

social and related  elds. Sustainable development:

implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for

the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the

outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable

Development and of the United Nations Conference

on Sustainable Development 2014. In: Sixty-eighth

session of the United nations General Assembly,

12 August 2014. New York: United Nations; 2014

(A/69/970; http://www.unesco.org/new/ leadmin/

MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/Open-

Working-Group.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

30. Note by the Secretary-General transmitting the

report of the Director-General of the World Health

Organization on the prevention and control of non-

communicable diseases. In: Sixty-eighth session of

the United Nations General Assembly, 10 December

2013. New York: United Nations; 2013 (A/68/650;

http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/

N13/612/99/PDF/N1361299.pdf?OpenElement,

accessed 3 November 2014).

31. United Nations Economic and Social Council

Document E/2013/L.23. United Nations Interagency

Task Force on the Prevention and Control of Non-

communicable Diseases. Geneva: United Nations; 2013

(http://www.who.int/nmh/events/2013/E.2013.L.23_

tobacco.pdf, accessed 3 November 2014).

Introduction

32. Provisional agenda item 13.1. Prevention and control

of noncommunicable diseases. Terms of reference for

the global coordination mechanism on the prevention

and control of noncommunicable diseases. In: Sixty-

seventh World Health Assembly, 19–24 May 2014.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (A67/14

Add.1; http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/

WHA67/A67_14Add1-en.pdf, accessed 3 November

2014).

33. Outcome document of the high-level meeting of the

General Assembly on the comprehensive review and

assessment of the progress achieved in the prevention

and control of non-communicable diseases. New

York: United Nations; 2014. In: Sixty-eighth session

of the United Nations General Assembly, 7 July 2014

(A/68/L.53; http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.

asp?symbol=A/68/L.53&L, accessed 3 November

2014).

■

NCDs currently cause more deaths than all other causes

combined and NCD deaths are projected to increase from 38

million in 2012 to 52 million by 2030.

■

Four major NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic

respiratory diseases and diabetes) are responsible for 82% of NCD

deaths.

■

Approximately 42% of all NCD deaths globally occurred before

the age of 70 years; 48% of NCD deaths in low- and middle-

income countries and 28% in high-income countries were in

individuals aged under 70 years.

■

A well-functioning civil/vital registration system is vital for

monitoring progress towards attainment of global target 1.

■

In order to attain the premature mortality target, cost-eﬀ ective

policies and interventions aimed at attaining the other eight NCD

targets, should be prioritized and implemented.

Key points

Mortality from noncommunicable diseases

A total of 56 million deaths occurred worldwide during 2012. Of these, 38 mil-

lion were due to NCDs, principally cardiovascular diseases, cancer and chronic

respiratory diseases (1). Nearly three quarters of these NCD deaths (28 million)

occurred in low- and middle-income countries. 周 e number of NCD deaths has

increased worldwide and in every region since 2000, when there were 31 million

NCD deaths. NCD deaths have increased the most in the WHO South-East Asia

Region, from 6.7 million in 2000 to 8.5 million in 2012, and in the Western Paci c

Region, from 8.6 million to 10.9 million (see Fig. 1.1). While the annual number

of deaths due to infectious disease is projected to decline, the total annual number

of NCD deaths is projected to increase to 52 million by 2030 (2,3).

周 e leading causes of NCD deaths in 2012 were: cardiovascular diseases

(17.5 million deaths, or 46.2% of NCD deaths), cancers (8.2 million, or 21.7% of

NCD deaths), respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (4.0 million, or 10.7% of NCD deaths) and diabetes (1.5 mil-

lion, or 4% of NCD deaths). 周 us, these four major NCDs were responsible for

82% of NCD deaths.

Fig. 1.1 Total NCD deaths, by WHO region, comparable estimates, 2012

Total NCDs deaths (millions)

AFR

AMR

EMR

EUR

SEAR

WPR

AFR=African Region, AMR=Region of the Americas, SEAR =South-East Asia Region, EUR=European Region,

EMR=Eastern Mediterranean Region, WPR=Western Paciﬁc Region

Global target 1: A 25% relative reduction

in overall mortality from cardiovascular

diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic

respiratory diseases

Global status report on NCDs 2014

Age –standardized NCD death rates by WHO

regions are shown in Fig. 1.2. Age-standardized

death rates reﬂ ect the risk of dying from NCDs,

regardless of the total population size or whether

the average age in the population is high or low.

In 2012, the age-standardized NCD death rate was

539 per 100 000 population globally.  e rate was

lowest in high-income countries (397 per 100 000)

and highest in low-income countries (625 per

100 000) and lower-middle-income countries (673

per 100 000). Regionally, age-standardized death

rates for NCDs ranged from 438 per 100 000 in

the WHO Region of the Americas to over 650 per

100 000 in the WHO African, South-East Asia and

Eastern Mediterranean Regions.

Premature death is a major consideration when

evaluating the impact of NCDs on a given popu-

lation, with approximately 42% of all NCD deaths

occurring before the age of 70 years in 2012.  is

represents 16 million deaths – an increase from 2000

when there were 14.6 million NCD deaths before the

age of 70 years.  e majority of premature deaths

(82%), are in low- and middle-income countries. In

low- and middle-income countries, a higher propor-

tion (48%) of all NCD deaths are estimated to occur

in people under the age of 70 years, compared with

high-income countries (28%). Fig. 1.3 shows the

proportion of NCD deaths by cause in 2012 among

people under the age of 70 years. Cardiovascular

diseases were responsible for the largest proportion

of NCD deaths under the age of 70 years (37%),

followed by cancers (27%), and chronic respiratory

diseases (8%). Diabetes was responsible for 4% and

other NCDs were responsible for approximately 24%

of NCD deaths under the age of 70 years.

Monitoring premature

mortality from

noncommunicable diseases

 e premature mortality target is, a 25% reduction

in overall mortality from cardiovascular diseases,

cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by

2025 (referred to as “25×25”).  e probability of

dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from

these four diseases, is the indicator in the global

Fig. 1.2 Age-standardized NCD death rates (per 100 000

population), all ages, by WHO region, comparable

estimates, 2012 (1)

800

600

400

200

Age-standardized NCD death rates

(per 100,000 population)

AFR=African Region, AMR=Region of the Americas,

SEAR =South-East Asia Region, EUR=European Region,

EMR=Eastern Mediterranean Region, WPR=Western

Paciﬁc Region

AFR

AMR

EMR

EUR

SEAR

WPR

Fig. 1.3 Proportion of global deaths under the age

70 years, by cause of death, comparable estimates, 2012

(1)

Communicable

maternal, perinatal and

nutritional conditions

34%

Injuries

14%

Diabetes

mellitus

Respiratory

diseases

Other NCDs

23%

NCDs

52%

Cardiovascular

diseases

37%

Malignant

neoplasm

27%

Documents you may be interested

open byte array pdf in browser c# : Adding text to pdf document control SDK platform web page wpf azure web browser 9789241564854_eng2-part1671