39
14
Module 2A / Famous Presidents
3
.
Abraham Lincoln grew up in Kentucky in a log cabin.
He couldn’t go to school, so he taught himself. He be
came a lawyer. Friends called him “Honest Abe.” As a
delegate from Illinois, he served in Congress from 1847
to 1849. Lincoln was against slavery and gave some
famous speeches about his ideas when he was running
for the Senate.
In 1861 Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth President of the United States. He wanted
the states of the Union to work together as one country, but he had to lead the North against
the South in the Civil War. Some people thought that Lincoln was too strong as President be
cause he used power that the Constitution did not give him.
President Lincoln freed the slaves with the Emancipation Proclamation. He had a plan to
bring the South back into the Union after the Civil War, but he couldn’t carry out the plan
because he was assassinated. In 1865 an actor named John Wilkes Booth shot Abraham
Lincoln.
4.
John F. Kennedy was President for only three years,
from 1961 to 1963, but his personality and ideas
changed America. He was both the first Roman Catholic
and the youngest President in the history of the coun
try. He set clear goals for America. For example, he
promised that the United States would land a man on
the moon before 1970.
Kennedy supported the ideas of Martin Luther King, Jr. and fought for civil rights, fair
housing, and programs to stop poverty. He asked Congress for more money for education and
medical care for elderly people.
Kennedy was against Communism. For example, when the Soviet Union put missiles in
Cuba, he sent U.S. ships to surround the island. But he believed that the best way to fight
Communism was not by sending armies but by attacking poverty and injustice. He organized
the Alliance for Progress to help the countries of Latin America. He started the Peace Corps
and sent Americans to over sixty countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. These young
volunteers worked and lived with the people, built schools, and taught farmers more modern
methods.
Kennedy was a man for the future. He worked to stop the testing of nuclear weapons. But
on November 22, 1963, he was assassinated.
55
15
UNIT 2 / Americans
B
Which President is each sentence about? Write the first
initial of his last name on the line.
W = Washington
J = Jefferson
L = Lincoln
K = Kennedy
1.
J
This farmer and lawyer from Virginia was also a scientist, an inventor, a philosopher,
and an architect, and he knew many languages.
2.
The colonists trusted this farmer from the colony of Virginia because he did not want
power for himself.
3.
This young Roman Catholic was President for only three years because he was assas
sinated in 1963.
4.
He served as a military leader in the fight of the colonists for independence from
British rule.
5.
This honest man taught himself and became a lawyer and a Congressman from
Illinois.
6.
He was against slavery but wanted the states of the North and South to work to
gether as a nation.
7.
Many of his ideas (for example, about equality, “the consent of the governed,” free
press, and free speech) are basic principles of the government of the United States.
8.
He was an Ambassador, Secretary of State, and Vice President before he became the
third President of the United States.
9.
He was a man for the future, and one of his goals was to land a man on the moon
before 1970.
10.
As the sixteenth President, he used power that was not given by the Constitution
when he led the northern states in the Civil War.
11.
He did not think the United States should have strong ties to other nations.
12.
He bought the Louisiana Territory for the United States from France.
13.
He is often called “the Father of Our Country.”
14.
His Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves, but he was assassinated before he
could bring the South back into the Union.
15.
He supported civil rights, fair housing, and programs to stop poverty, and he wanted
more money for education and medical care for elderly people.
16.
He tried to stop Communism with the Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps and
was against nuclear weapons.
42
16
Module 2A / Famous Presidents
C
Which of the four Presidents said or wrote these famous
quotes? Write their names on the lines. (The information in
A will help you.)
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Abraham Lincoln
John F. Kennedy
1.
John F. Kennedy
: “And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your
country can do for you: Ask what you can do for your
country. My fellow citizens of the world: Ask not
what America will do for you, but what together we
can do for the freedom of man.”
2.
: “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.”
3.
: “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent
alliances, with any portion of the foreign world.”
4.
: “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I
believe that this government cannot endure perma
nently half slave and half free.”
D
In small groups, discuss the meanings of the quotes in C.
On the lines, write the ideas in simpler language.
Americans should work for America. Everyone should work for freedom.
1.
2.
3.
4.
E
In books, find other famous quotes by Presidents of the
United States. Write them on the chalkboard and discuss
their meanings as a class.
38
17
UNIT 2 / Americans
Module 2B:
The History of Immigration
A
Work in pairs. Look only at this page. Tell your partner
these facts about immigration history in order.
1. There were about twentyfive million “native Americans” (Indians) living in North and
South America.
2. The English were the largest immigrant group to settle in North America. They were
farmers, fishermen, and traders.
3. By the time of the American Revolution, there were also many immigrants from
Scotland, Ireland, France, Holland, Germany, Sweden, and Poland. Most of these
settlers were Protestants.
4. The Spanish settled mainly in the Southwest, especially California. They were
managers, priests, and soldiers.
5. American slave traders captured black Africans and forced them to work on plantations
in the United States.
1500’s1600’s
1700’s
1600’s to
1800’s
B
Now listen to your partner and number these facts 6-10 in
correct time order.
After the Gold Rush in California, 100,000 poor Chinese came to work in mining camps and
on the railroad.
The U.S. government abolished quotas for immigration from nonEuropean nations. Today,
most immigrants are from Asian and Latin American countries.
During the Industrial Revolution, about 3.5 million Irish Catholics left poverty and discrimi
nation to work in America. They were coal miners and railroad and canal builders. At the
same time, many Germans became farmers, laborers, and businessmen in the United States.
During the “Great Migration,” twentyfive million Europeans of almost every nationality
immigrated to America. They included Russian and Polish Jews, Slavic people from Eastern
Europe, Italians, Greeks, Armenians, and Syrians. Canadians, Mexicans, and Central
Americans came, too.
The United States welcomed thousands of refugees after the end of World War II.
6
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44
18
Module 2B / The History of Immigration
C
Work in pairs. Look only at this page. Your partner will tell
you some important facts about immigration history. Num-
ber them 1-5 in correct time order.
American slave traders captured black Africans and forced them to work on plantations in
the United States.
By the time of the American Revolution, there were also many immigrants from Scotland,
Ireland, France, Holland, Germany, Sweden, and Poland. Most of these settlers were
Protestants.
The English were the largest immigrant group to settle in North America. They were
farmers, fishermen, and traders.
The Spanish settled mainly in the Southwest, especially California. They were managers,
priests, and soldiers.
1
There were about twentyfive million “native Americans” (Indians) living in North and South
America.
D
Now tell your partner these facts about immigration history
in order.
6. During the Industrial Revolution, about 3.5 million Irish Catholics left poverty and dis
crimination to work in America. They were coal miners and railroad and canal builders.
At the same time, many Germans became farmers, laborers, and businessmen in the
United States.
7. After the Gold Rush in California, 100,000 poor Chinese came to work in mining camps
and on the railroad.
8. During the “Great Migration,” twentyfive million Europeans of almost every nationality
immigrated to America. They included Russian and Polish Jews, Slavic people from
Eastern Europe, Italians, Greeks, Armenians, and Syrians. Canadians, Mexicans, and
Central Americans came, too.
9. The United States welcomed thousands of refugees after the end of World War II.
10. The U.S. government abolished quotas for immigration from nonEuropean nations.
Today, most immigrants are from Asian and Latin American countries.
1880
1820 to
1870
1850 to
1930
1880 to
1950’s
1940’s
1970’s
1960’s
31
19
UNIT 2 / Americans
E
Tell some important facts about immigration history. You
can use these pictures for ideas.
F
Changes in Immigration
The history of the United States is the history of immigration. Before 1880, the United States
welcomed immigrants from all countries. Because Americans were moving west, factories in the
East needed new workers. Most of these immigrants came from northern and western Europe, so
they looked like born Americans, and their cultures were similar. The talents, spirit, and hard
work of millions of immigrants built American farms, industry, and cities.
But then Americans began to worry about the influence and power of large groups of immi
grants from cultures very different from their own. In the next century, the U.S. government
passed many immigration acts. Before World War II, these laws limited immigration, especially
from nonEuropean nations. But after the war, new acts made it easier for refugees and immi
grants to come to the United States.
G
Write T for true or F for false. Correct the false sentences.
1.
The United States passed many laws to limit immigration before 1880.
2.
Many European immigrants came to work in the factories in the East.
3.
America needed the talents, spirit, and hard work of immigrants to grow.
4.
Born Americans probably accept immigrants from similar cultures more easily than
immigrants from very different ones.
5.
America welcomed immigration before World War II, but after the war, new laws
made it harder for refugees to come to the United States.
77
20
Module 2B / The History of Immigration
H
Immigration Law
YEAR
THE ACT OR LAW
THE EFFECT OF THE LAW
1882
The Chinese
Exclusion Act
prohibited the Chinese from entering the
country.
1907
T. Roosevelt’s
“Gentlemen’s
Agreement”
stopped Japanese laborers from coming to
the United States.
1917
The Literacy
Test Act
kept out illiterate immigrants (people
unable to read or write in any language).
1924
An immigration
act
set up a quota system (yearly limits on the numbers of
immigrants from each country). The law allowed higher
quotas for some nations than for others.
The National
Origins Act
excluded all Japanese, Chinese, and other
Asians from the United States.
1948
The Displaced
Persons Act
allowed 500,000 war victims to immigrate
to the United States.
The Fulbright
Act
brought in scholars from around the world.
Many of them stayed in this country.
1952
The McCarran
Walter Act
opened the United States to Asian immigration. But the
quota system still discriminated against nonEuropeans.
1953
The Refugee
Relief Act
admitted over 200,000 refugees outside
the quota system.
1965
An immigration
act
set area quotas instead of national ones:
120,000 immigrants per year from the Western
hemisphere (Canada and Central and South America)
and 170,000 per year from the rest of the world.
1986
The Immigration
Reform
Control Act
gave amnesty to many illegal aliens and
allowed them to legalize their status.
The law puts penalties on employers that
hire employees without work authorization.
I
Make sentences about the information in H. You can use
this sentence pattern.
EXAMPLE: In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited the Chinese from entering the
country.
In
,
.
(year)
(the act or law)
44
21
UNIT 2 / Americans
Module 2C:
Historical Figures
A
In groups or as a class, answer these questions about
each picture: (1) Why do you think this person was famous?
(2) What do you think this person did?
a
John James Audubon
(17851851)
b
Susan B. Anthony
(18201906)
c
Clara Barton
(18211912)
d
Cesar Chavez
(19271993)
e
Samuel Clemens
(18351910)
f
Thomas A. Edison
(18471937)
g
Duke Ellington
(18991974)
h
Henry Ford
(18631947)
i
Benjamin Franklin
(17061790)
j
Hideyo Noguchi
(18761928)
k
Eleanor Roosevelt
(18841962)
l
Lawrence Welk
(19031992)
Documents you may be interested
Documents you may be interested
