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cvs
CVS meansConcurrent Version System; it is a version control systemwhich can
record the history of your files (usually, but not always, source code). CVS only
stores the differences between versions, instead of every version of every file
you’ve ever created. CVS also keeps a log of who, when and why changes
occurred, among other aspects. CVS is very helpful for managing releases and
controlling the concurrent editing of source filesamong multiple authors. Instead
of providing version control for a collection of files in a single directory, CVS
provides version control for a hierarchical collection of directories consisting of
revision controlled files. These directories and files can then be combined
together to form a software release. Install the cvs package if you need to use a
version control system.
diffutils
Diffutils includes four utilities: diff, cmp, diff3 and sdiff. Diff compares two files
and showsthe differences, line by line. The cmp command shows the offset and
line numbers where two files differ, or cmp can show the characters that differ
between the two files. The diff3 command shows the differences between three
files. Diff3 can be used when two people have made independent changes to a
common original; diff3 can produce a merged file that contains both persons’
changesand warningsabout conflicts. The sdiff command can be used to merge
two files interactively. Install diffutils if you need to compare text files.
e2fsprogs
The e2fsprogs package contains a number of utilities for creating, checking,
modifying and correcting any inconsistencies in second extended (ext2)
filesystems. E2fsprogs contains e2fsck (used to repair filesystem
inconsistencies after an unclean shutdown), mke2fs (used to initialize a partition
to contain an empty ext2 filesystem), debugfs (used to examine the internal
structure of a filesystem, to manually repair a corrupted filesystem or to create
test cases fore2fsck), tune2fs (used to modifyfilesystem parameters) and most
of the other core ext2fs filesystem utilities. You should install the e2fsprogs
package if you need to manage the performance of an ext2 filesystem.
e2fsprogs-devel
E2fsprogs-devel contains the libraries and header files needed to develop
second extended (ext2) filesystem-specific programs. You should install
e2fsprogs-devel if you want to develop ext2 filesystem-specific programs. If you
install e2fsprogs-devel, you’ll also want to install e2fsprogs.
ed
Ed is a line-oriented text editor,used to create, display,and modify text files(both
interactively and via shell scripts). For most purposes, ed has been replaced in
normal usage by full-screen editors (emacs and vi, for example). Ed was the
original UNIX editor, and may be used by some programs. In general, however,
you probably don’t need to install it and you probably won’t use it much.
expect
Expect is a tcl extension for automating interactive applications such as telnet,
ftp, passwd, fsck, rlogin, tip, etc. Expect is also useful for testing the named
applications. Expect makes it easy for a script to control another program and
interact with it. Install the expect package if you’d like to develop scripts which
interact with interactive applications. You’ll also need to install the tcl package.
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file
The file command is used to identifya particular file according to the type of data
contained by the file. File can identify many different file types, including ELF
binaries, system libraries, RPM packages, and different graphics formats. You
should install the file package, since the file command is such a useful utility.
filesystem
The filesystem package is one of the basic packages that is installed on a Red
Hat Linux system. Filesystem contains the basic directory layout for a Linux
operating system, including the correct permissions for the directories.
fileutils
The fileutils package includes a number of GNU versions of common and
popular file management utilities. Fileutils includes the following tools: chgrp
(changes a file’s group ownership), chown (changes a file’s ownership), chmod
(changes a file’s permissions), cp (copies files), dd (copies and converts files),
df (shows a filesystem’s disk usage), dir (gives a brief directory listing), dircolors
(the setup program for the color version of the ls command), du (shows disk
usage), install (copies files and sets permissions), ln (creates file links), ls (lists
directory contents in color), mkdir (creates directories), mkfifo (creates FIFOs,
which are named pipes), mknod (creates special files), mv (renames files), rm
(removes/deletes files), rmdir (removes empty directories), sync (synchronizes
memory and disk), touch (changes file timestamps), and vdir (provides long
directory listings). You should install the fileutils package, because it includes
many file management utilities that you’ll use frequently.
findutils
The findutils package contains programs which will help you locate files on your
system. The find utility searches through a hierarchy of directories looking for
fileswhich match a certain set of criteria (such as a filename pattern). The locate
utility searches a database (create by updatedb)to quickly find a file matching a
given pattern. The xargs utility builds and executes command lines from
standard input arguments (usually lists of file names generated by the find
command). You should install findutils because it includes tools that are very
useful for finding things on your system.
flex
The flex program generates scanners. Scanners are programs which can
recognize lexical patterns in text. Flex takes pairs of regular expressions and C
code as inputand generates a C source file as output. The outputfile is compiled
and linked with a library to produce an executable. The executable searches
through its input for occurrences of the regular expressions. When a match is
found, it executes the corresponding C code. Flex was designed to work with
both Yacc and Bison, and is used by many programs as part of their build
process. You should install flex if you are going to use your system forapplication
development.
ftp
The ftp package provides the standard UNIX command-line FTP client. FTP is
the file transfer protocol, which is a widely used Internet protocol for transferring
files and for archiving files. If your system is on a network, you should install ftp
in order to do file transfers.
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gawk
The gawk packages contains the GNU version of awk, a text processing utility.
Awk interprets a special-purpose programming language to do quick and easy
text pattern matching and reformatting jobs. Gawk should be upwardly
compatible with the Bell Labs research version of awk and is almost completely
compliant with the 1993 POSIX 1003.2 standard for awk. Install the gawk
package if you need a text processing utility. Gawk isconsidered to be a standard
Linux tool for processing text.
gcc
The gccpackage contains the GNU Compiler Collection: cc and gcc. You’ll need
this package in order to compile C/C++ code.
gcc-c++
This package adds C++ support to the GNU C compiler. It includes support for
most of the current C++ specification, including templates and exception
handling. It does include the static standard C++ library and C++ header files;
the library for dynamically linking programs is available separately.
gdbm
Gdbm is a GNU database indexing library, including routines which use
extensible hashing. Gdbm worksin a similarway to standard UNIXdbm routines.
Gdbm is useful for developers who write C applications and need access to a
simple and efficient database or who are building C applications which will use
such a database. If you’re a C developer and your programs need access to
simple database routines, you should install gdbm. You’ll also need to install
gdbm-devel.
gdbm-devel
Gdbm-devel contains the development libraries and header files for gdbm, the
GNU database system. These libraries and header files are necessary if you
plan to do development using the gdbm database. Install gdbm-devel if you are
developing C programs which will use the gdbm database library. You’ll also
need to install the gdbm package.
gettext
The GNU gettext package provides a set of tools and documentation for
producing multi-lingual messages in programs. Tools include a set of
conventions about how programs should be written to support message
catalogs, a directory and file naming organization for the message catalogs, a
runtime library which supports the retrieval of translated messages, and
stand-alone programs for handling the translatable and the already translated
strings. Gettext provides an easy to use library and tools for creating, using, and
modifying natural language catalogs and is a powerful and simple method for
internationalizing programs. If you would like to internationalize or incorporate
multi-lingual messages into programs that you’re developing, you should install
gettext.
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getty_ps
The getty_ps package contains the gettyand uugetty programs, basicprograms
for accomplishing the login process on a Red Hat Linux system. Getty and
uugetty are used to accept logins on the console or a terminal. Getty is invoked
bythe init process to open tty lines and set their modes, to print the login prompt
and get the user’s name, and to initiate a login process for the user. Uugetty
works just like getty, except that uugetty creates and uses lock files to prevent
two or more processes from conflicting in their use of a ttyline.Getty and uugetty
can also handle answer a modem for dialup connections, but mgetty is
recommended for that purpose.
ghostscript
Ghostscript is a set of software that provides a PostScript(TM) interpreter, a set
of C procedures (the Ghostscript library, which implements the graphics
capabilities in the PostScriptlanguage)and an interpreterforPortable Document
Format (PDF) files. Ghostscript translates PostScript code into many common,
bitmapped formats, like those understood by your printer or screen. Ghostscript
is normally used to display PostScript files and to print PostScript files to
non-PostScript printers. If you need to display PostScript files or print them to
non-PostScript printers, you should install ghostscript. If you install ghostscript,
you also need to install the ghostscript-fonts package.
ghostscript-fonts
These fonts can be used by the GhostScript interpreter during text rendering.
They are in addition to the shared fonts between GhostScript and X11.
glib
GLib is a handy library of utility functions. This C library is designed to solve
some portability problems and provide other useful functionality which most
programs require. GLib is used by GDK, GTK+ and many applications. You
should install th glib package because many of your applications will depend on
this library.
glib-devel
The glib-devel package includes the static libraries and header files for the
support library for the GIMP’s X libraries (GTK+ and GDK), which are available
as public libraries. Install glib-devel if you want to develop programs which will
use GLib.
glibc
The glibc package contains standard libraries which are used by multiple
programs on the system. In order to save disk space and memory, as well as to
make upgrading easier, common system code is kept in one place and shared
between programs. This particular package contains the most important sets of
shared libraries: the standard C library and the standard math library. Without
these two libraries, a Linux system will not function. The glibc package also
contains national language (locale) support and timezone databases.
glibc-devel
The glibc-devel package contains the header and object files necessary for
developing programs which use the standard C libraries (which are used by
nearly all programs). If you are developing programs which will use the standard
Clibraries, your system needs to have these standard header and object files
available in order to create the executables. Install glibc-devel if you are going to
develop programs which will use the standard C libraries.
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glibc-profile
The glibc-profile package includes the GNU libc libraries and support for
profiling using the gprof program. Profiling is analyzing a program’s functions to
see how much CPU time they use and determining which functions are calling
otherfunctions during execution. To use gprof to profile a program, yourprogram
needs to use the GNU libc libraries included in glibc-profile (instead of the
standard GNU libclibrariesincluded in the glibc package).If you are going to use
the gprof program to profile a program, you’ll need to install the glibc-profile
program.
gmp
The gmp package contains GNU MP, a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic,
signed integers operations, rational numbers and floating point numbers. GNU
MP is designed for speed, for both small and very large operands. GNU MP is
fast for several reasons: It uses fullwords as the basic arithmetic type, it usesfast
algorithms, it carefully optimizes assembly code for many CPUs’ most common
inner loops and it generally emphasizes speed over simplicity/elegance in its
operations. Install the gmp package if you need a fast arbitrary precision library.
gmp-devel
The static libraries, header files and documentation for using the GNU MP
arbitrary precision library in applications. If you want to develop applications
which will use the GNU MP library, you’ll need to install the gmp-devel package.
You’ll also need to install the gmp package.
gperf
Gperf is a perfect hash function generator written in C++. Simply stated, a
perfect hash function is a hash function and a data structure that allows
recognition of a key word in a set of words using exactly one probe into the data
structure. Install gperf if you need a program that generates perfect hash
functions.
grep
The GNU versionsof commonly used grep utilities. Grep searchesone or more
input files for lines which contain a match to a specified pattern and then prints
the matching lines.GNU’s grep utilitiesinclude grep, egrep and fgrep.You should
install grep on your system, because it is a very useful utility for searching
through text files, for system administration tasks, etc.
groff
Groff is a document formatting system. Groff takes standard text and formatting
commandsasinput and producesformatted output. The created documentscan
be shown on a display orprinted on a printer. Groff’sformatting commandsallow
you to specify font type and size, bold type, italic type, the number and size of
columns on a page, and more. You should install groff if you want to use it as a
documentformatting system. Groff can also be used to format man pages. If you
are going to use groff with the X Window System, you’ll also need to install the
groff-gxditview package.
gzip
The gzip package contains the popular GNU gzip data compression program.
Gzipped files have a .gz extension. Gzip should be installed on your Red Hat
Linux system, because it is a very commonly used data compression program.
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indent
Indent is a GNU program for beautifying C code, so that it is easier to read.
Indent can also convert from one C writing style to a different one. Indent
understands correct C syntax and tries to handle incorrect C syntax. Install the
indent package if you are developing applications in C and you’d like to format
your code automatically.
info
The GNU project usesthe texinfo file format for much of its documentation. The
info package provides a standalone TTY-based browser program for viewing
texinfo files. You should install info, because GNU’s texinfo documentation is a
valuable source of information about the software on your system.
initscripts
The initscripts package contains the basic system scriptsused to boot yourRed
Hatsystem, change run levels, and shut the systemdown cleanly.Initscripts also
contains the scripts that activate and deactivate most network interfaces.
itcl
[incr Tcl] is an object-oriented extension of the Tcl language. It was created to
support more structured programming in Tcl. Tcl scripts that grow beyond a few
thousand lines become extremely difficult to maintain. This is because the
building blocks of vanilla Tcl are procedures and global variables, and all of these
building blocks must reside in a single global namespace. There isno support for
protection or encapsulation. [incr Tcl] introduces the notion of objects. Each
object is a bag of data with a set of procedures or “methods” that are used to
manipulate it. Objectsare organized into “classes” with identical characteristics,
and classes can inherit functionality from one another. This object-oriented
paradigm adds another level of organization on top of the basic
variable/procedure elements, and the resulting code is easier to understand and
maintain.
ldconfig
Ldconfig is a basic system program which determines run-time link bindings
between ld.so and shared libraries. Ldconfig scans a running system and sets
up the symbolic links that are used to load shared libraries properly. It also
creates a cache (/etc/ld.so.cache) which speeds the loading of programs which
use shared libraries.
less
The less utility is a text file browser that resembles more, but has more
capabilities. Less allows you to move backwards in the file as well as forwards.
Since less doesn’t have to read the entire input file before it starts, lessstarts up
more quickly than text editors (for example, vi). You should install less because
it is a basic utility for viewing text files, and you’ll use it frequently.
libjpeg
The libjpeg package contains a library of functions for manipulating JPEG
images, as well as simple client programs for accessing the libjpeg functions.
Libjpeg client programs include cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran, rdjpgcom and wrjpgcom.
Cjpeg compresses an image file into JPEGformat. Djpeg decompresses a JPEG
file into a regularimage file. Jpegtran can performvarious useful transformations
on JPEG files. Rdjpgcom displays any text comments included in a JPEG file.
Wrjpgcom inserts text comments into a JPEG file.
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libjpeg-devel
The libjpeg-devel package includes the header files and static libraries
necessary for developing programs which will manipulate JPEG files using the
libjpeg library. If you are going to develop programs which will manipulate JPEG
images, you should install libjpeg-devel. You’ll also need to have the libjpeg
package installed.
libjpeg6a
This package is a library of functions that manipulate jpeg images, along with
simple clients for manipulating jpeg images. Thisversion of the package includes
only a library that is needed for preserving the backwards compatibility with
previous releases of Red Hat Linux.
libpng
The libpng package containsa libraryof functions forcreating and manipulating
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) image format files. PNG is a bit-mapped
graphics format similar to the GIF format. PNG was created to replace the GIF
format, since GIF uses a patented data compression algorithm. Libpng should
be installed if you need to manipulate PNG format image files.
libpng-devel
The libpng-devel package contains the header files and static libraries
necessary fordeveloping programs using the PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
library. If you want to develop programs which will manipulate PNG image format
files, you should install libpng-devel. You’ll also need to install the libpng
package.
libtermcap
The libtermcap package contains a basic system library needed to access the
termcap database. The termcap library supports easy access to the termcap
database, so that programs can output character-based displays in a
terminal-independent manner.
libtermcap-devel
This package includes the libraries and header files necessary for developing
programs which will access the termcap database. If you need to develop
programs which will access the termcap database, you’ll need to install this
package. You’ll also need to install the libtermcap package.
libtiff
The libtiff package containsa library of functionsfor manipulating TIFF (Tagged
Image File Format) image format files. TIFF is a widely used file format for
bitmapped images. TIFF files usually end in the .tif extension and they are often
quite large. The libtiffpackage should be installed if you need to manipulate TIFF
format image files.
libtool
The libtool package contains the GNU libtool, a set of shell scripts which
automatically configure UNIX and UNIX-like architectures to generically build
shared libraries. Libtool providesa consistent, portable interface which simplifies
the process of using shared libraries. If you are developing programs which will
use shared libraries, you should install libtool.
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