208
Canada (continued)
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation in, 193, 195, 196
localization of agriculture in, 232
renewable energy in, 110, 115, 125, 130,
133, 137, 140
soil conservation in, 203
soil erosion in China affecting, 34
tar sands project, 73
urban environments in, 143, 148,
159–60
cancer
from coal pollution, 74, 180
from smoking, 178
cap-and-trade systems, 141, 247
car industry capacity to produce wind
turbines, 117, 266
Caracas (Venezuela), 159
carbon emissions
bicycles’ role in reducing, 151–52
from biofuels, 131
cap-and-trade systems, 141, 247
climate change caused by, 57–60
from coal, 74
energy-intensive but nonessential
industries, discouraging, 101
food security affected by, 236
from high-speed trains, 94–95
from kerosene lamps, 119
marine environment, acidificationof,
209
from motor vehicles, 96
from natural gas, 75
Plan B goal of cutting, 24, 76, 80–81,
111
PlaNYC plan to reduce, 165
subsidy shifting, 248–49
urban transportation issues, 150
zero-carbon buildings, 87–91, 107–8,
165–66
Carbon Neutral Network, 244
carbon sequestration
clean coal technology, 112, 250
climate change, stabilizing, 254–55
soil conservation and, 206
via tree planting, 198–202
carbon tax, 108, 141, 245, 249, 255
Caribbean. SeeLatin America and
Caribbean, and specific countries
cars. Seemotor vehicles
Carter, Jimmy, and Carter Center, 178
catastrophic or Pearl Harbor model of
change, 256, 259
Caterpillar, 101
cellulosic biofuels, 50, 132, 254
cement production, 98, 107
Center for American Progress, 104
Central America. SeeLatin America and
Caribbean, and specific countries
Centre for Science and Environment, 155
Cevital, 139
Chad
climate change in, 71
failing states, problem of, 19–22
food security issues, 220
population pressures on land and water
in, 34, 45
poverty and poverty eradication in,
177, 188
Chennai (India), 42
Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 89
Chevrolet, 25, 92–93, 234
Chicago, IL, 89, 99, 148, 152, 160, 234, 244
children
education of, 170, 171–74
mortality rates and health care for,
174–81
U.S. women, infants and children
program, 173–74
Chile, 125, 154
China. See also Beijing
atmospheric brown clouds, 58
bicycles in, 151, 152, 154
biofuels in, 130
carbon emissions from, 96
climate change in, 65–67, 69
coal and coal pollution in, 74–75, 253
conversion of cropland to other uses in,
7
energy-efficient technology in, 82–86,
90, 92, 95, 98, 103
energy subsidies, 248
falling water tables in, 6, 39–40
food security issues, 216–19, 221–25,
227–30, 236
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation in, 195, 199, 211, 212
geopolitics of food security in, 13
geothermal power in, 125, 127, 128
hydropower in, 132, 133, 134
irrigation water diverted to other uses
8, 42
344
Index
land acquisition agreements, 10, 11, 12,
216
paper recycling in, 193
poverty and poverty eradication in,
168, 169, 177, 179–81, 185
Shanghai, 66, 95, 115, 144, 159, 247
soil erosion and conservation in, 6, 7,
34–37, 204, 205, 213
solar power in, 26, 118, 119, 121–24
urban environments in, 147, 151, 152,
154, 163
wind power in, 111, 113, 115, 136, 253
China Technology Development Group
Corporation, 119
Chrysler, 93
Chu, Steven, 138
Churchill, Winston, 261
cigarette smoking, 179–80, 244–45, 246,
257–58
Citi/Citigroup, 90, 251
cities. Seeurban environments
civilization
decline of past civilizations, 3–4, 14–18,
32–33, 191, 237, 241–42
mobilizing to save, 261–66
Clark, Edwin, 247
Clean Air Act (U.S.), 252
clean coal technology, 112, 250
climate change, 55–76
agriculture and food security affected
by, 6–7, 56, 59, 68, 69–71, 234,
236–37
drivers and effects of, 56–61
energy efficiency as means of. See
energy efficiency
food security affected by, 234, 236–37
glacial melt, 6–7, 14–15, 66–69, 76
kerosene lamps, carbon emissions
from, 119
oil and coal, effects of use of, 56–58
Plan B goal of stabilizing, 24–25,
253–56
reducing dependence on traditional
energy sources to stabilize, 71–75
renewable energy as means of. See
renewable energy
rising sea levels, 7, 51–54, 55, 61–66,
244
Clinton, Bill, Clinton Foundation, and
Clinton Climate Initiative, 90
Clipper Windpower, 114
Club of Rome, 139
coal
atmospheric soot and, 58
carbon sequestration, 112
climate change and use of, 56–58
energy efficiency as means of reducing
use of, 105, 107
reducing dependence on, 71–75
subsidy shifting, 248–49
U.S. de facto moratorium on new coal-
fired power plants, 249–53
coal ash, 251–52
Colombia, 125, 144, 147, 154, 185–86
Colorado, 43, 73, 116
Colorado River, 68, 145
Commission on Weak States and U.S.
National Security, 186
community gardens, 231–32
compact fluorescent bulbs, 25–26, 79,
81–83
complete streets movement, 150–51
compossting toilets, 155–56
computers, 100, 112
concentrating solar power, 120–21
condoms, 176, 262
Congo basin, 50, 210
Congo, Democratic Republic of
deforestation in, 199
failed states, problem of, 18–23, 199
land acquisition agreements, 11, 13
population growth in, 181
renewable energy in, 132, 137
Conservation Reserve Program, 203
contraception, 182–84
Corell, Robert, 61
corn
climate change affecting, 59, 69–71
ethanol fuel from, 5, 48–51, 115, 216,
255
food security issues related to, 4–6, 11,
216, 218–22, 229, 230, 235, 255
population pressures on land and
water, 38, 39, 48, 49, 50
renewable energy and, 115, 116, 128,
131, 140
soil conservation and, 203, 205
urban environments, food supply in, 146
Corn Belt (U.S.), 59, 69
Costa Rica, 244
Côte d’Ivoire, 22, 177
Council of Economic Advisors (U.S.), 246
Index
345
203
Index
347
346
Index
energy sources for, 25, 50–51, 92–93
renewable sources of. See renewable
energy
smart grids, meters, and appliances,
103–6
transport systems, electrification of,
91–96, 107, 111
Endangered Species Act (U.S.), 210
energy economy, restructuring, 79–81,
109–12, 135–42, 253–56
energy efficiency, 79–108
fuel efficiency standards, improving,
50, 96, 107, 258
household appliances, 84–86, 104–5,
106–7
lighting technology, advances in, 25–26,
79, 81–84, 106
materials economy, changing, 96–103,
107
nonessential but energy-intensive
industries, discouraging, 101
savings potential, 106–8
smart electrical grids and meters, 103–6
transport systems, electrification of,
91–96, 107, 111
zero-carbon buildings, 87–91, 107–8,
165–66
Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit
Program, 90
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (U.S.), 84
energy, renewable. See renewable energy
energy sources, traditional. Seecoal;
natural gas; nuclear power; oil, gas,
and petroleum
energy subsidies, 248–49
Enron, 16
Environmental Defense Fund, 241, 250
environmental refugees, 51–54, 65–66
environmental taxes
carbon tax, 108, 141, 245, 249, 255
cigarette sales tax, 179, 244–45, 246
gasoline tax, 245–46
landfill tax, 99, 246
on purchase of motor vehicles, 246–47
renewable energy, encouraging
transition to, 141
subsidies for parking/mass transit use,
tax-exempt, 163
tax shifting, 244–47
urban use of motor vehicles, charges
for, 26, 148–49
Eshel, Gidon, 234
ethanol, 255
agricultural subsidies for, 189
cane-based, 129, 131, 198
cellulosic, 50, 132, 254
from corn, 5, 48–51, 115, 216, 255
deforestation and reforestation, 200
food security affected by, 5, 48–51,
115, 131, 170, 216, 235, 255
problems associated with, 130–32
Ethiopia
climate change affecting, 71
food security issues, 220
land acquisition agreements, 10, 11
population pressure on land and water
in, 35, 47–48
poverty and poverty eradication in,
172, 181, 184
reforestation efforts in, 201
renewable energy in, 125–26
Europe/European Union. See also Eastern
Europe, and specific countries
agricultural subsidies in, 188
bicycle use in, 151, 154
biodiesel goals, 49, 131
climate change in, 60
energy-efficient technology in, 82, 85,
96, 100, 105, 106
environmental taxes in, 245, 246
food security issues, 218, 219, 221–22
high-speed trains in, 94–95
motor vehicle sales in, 164
recycling in, 98
refugees, environmental, 51
renewable energy in, 79, 111, 113,
117, 122, 123, 124, 130, 139, 141
soil conservation in, 204, 213
urban environments in, 151, 154, 159
European Solar Thermal Electricity
Association, 122
European Solar Thermal Industry
Federation, 123
exponential growth, problem of, 31
Factor Ten Institute (France), 96
Fagre, Daniel, 68
failing states
land and water shortages, social con-
flicts resulting from, 44–48
Plan B and problem of, 18–23, 242
poverty and poverty eradication, 185–88
Cox, Craig, 192–93
Crutzen, Paul, 131
Cunha, Rosani, 169
Curitiba (Brazil), 26, 145, 147, 161, 164
Currys, 82
Cyprus, 123, 223
Czech Republic, 94, 163
Daewoo Logistics, 12
Dahle, Øystein, 243
Daly, Herman, 18
dams, hydropower from, 132–33, 135
Darfur, 19, 22, 45
Davis Langdon, 87
dead zones, oceanic, 155
debt forgiveness, 189–90, 204
Del Giudice, Paula, 60
Delanoë, Bertrand, 149, 163
Delaware, 114–15
Democratic Republic of Congo. See
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Denmark
bicycle use in, 151, 153
electric-car service stations in, 93
environmental taxes in, 246
new coal-fired power plants banned in
253
renewable energy in, 26, 113–14, 140
DESERTEC, 139–40
desertification, 7, 35, 51, 53–54, 204–5,
213
Deutsche Bank, 90, 139, 140
diabetes, 180
Diagne, Modou Fada, 204
Diamond, Jared, 266
diarrhea, 19, 174, 175
diversity of plants and animals, protecting,
209–11, 214
double cropping, 221–22, 230
drip irrigation systems, 223–24
drought, 60, 71, 204
dry composting toilets, 155–56
Dublin (Ireland), 149
Dust Bowls, 34, 37, 53, 60, 202. See also
soil erosion and conservation
Earth Council, 248
Earth Day, 165
EarthJustice, 250
Eastern Europe. See also specific countries
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation in, 196
HIV/AIDS in, 176, 262
economy and environment
coal stocks, downgrading of, 251
energy economy, restructuring,
79–81, 109–12, 135–42, 253–56
failing states, 18–23
localization of energy and food
economies, 140, 230–33
materials economy, changing, 96–103,
107
Ponzi scheme treatment of, 14–18
ecopsychology, 162–63
Ecuador, 67, 147, 154
education and educational institutions
adult literacy programs, 173, 183
bicycle use, encouraging, 152
debt forgiveness, 189
girls, importance of educating, 172, 173
poverty eradication and universal
education, 170, 171–74, 190–91
school gardens, 132
school lunch programs, 173–74
walk to school movement, 150
Education for All (World Bank plan), 171
Egypt
agriculture productivity measures,
decline in, 8
bilateral grain import agreement with
Russia, 9
Cairo, 42, 178
failing states, problem of, 22
food security issues, 217, 218, 219, 225
land acquisition agreements, 10, 11
oral rehydration therapy for children
in,175
population pressures on land and water
in, 43, 47
renewable energy in, 121, 137, 139
rising sea levels, vulnerability to, 65
Eisenhower, Dwight, 95
electric arc furnaces, 98
electric bicycles, 154
Electric Power Research Institute, 104
electrical power
economy, electrification of, 111, 135
grid, renewable energy, 137–40
lighting technology, 25–26, 79, 81–84
motor vehicles, electric and hybrid
205
leguminous trees and grain, simul-
taneous planting of, 197–98, 222
logging practices, 194–96
paper use and recycling, 97–99, 193–94
Plan B for, 24–26
plantations, 195–96
soil erosion and conservation, 192,
204–6
fossil fuels. See coal; natural gas; oil, gas,
and petroleum
Fowler, Cary, 71
Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control, 179, 180
France
agriculture productivity measures,
decline in, 8
climate change in, 60
energy subsidies, 248
environmental taxes in, 245, 246
Factor Ten Institute, 96
food security issues, 218
high-speed trains, 94
Paris, 26, 94, 149, 152, 159, 163–64
renewable energy in, 114, 123, 126, 127,
130, 133
smoking, decline in, 179–80
urban transportation in, 26
Francou, Bernard, 67
fuel efficiency standards, improving, 50,
96, 107, 258
Fund for Peace, 19–20
Funk, Robert, 197
G-8, 189
Ganges River basin and delta (India),
66–67, 69
Gangotri Glacier (Himalayas), 67
garbage. See waste
Garrad Hassan, 113
gas and gasoline. Seeoil, gas, and
petroleum
Gasana, James, 46, 47
Gates (Bill and Melinda) Foundation,
175, 177, 178
Gates, Robert, 257
General Motors. See Chevrolet
genetically modified crops, 8, 218, 219, 220
Genoa (Italy), 149
geopolitics. See politics and the
environment
Georgia (U.S. state), 129, 130, 152, 163
geothermal energy, 125–28
climate change, stabilizing, 75, 79, 92
cookstoves powered by, 194
for hot water, 128
in Plan B, 24, 26
restructuring energy economy with,
110–11, 135–42
subsidy shifting to support, 249
German Geothermal Association, 127
Germany
Berlin, 90, 147, 256, 257, 259
bicycle use in, 151, 153
carbon emissions from, 96
coal subsidies, 248
energy-efficient technology in, 87, 94,
97, 100
environmental taxes in, 245, 246
fertility rates, decline in, 181
food security issues, 217
paper recycling in, 193
polio eradication initiative, 178
renewable energy in, 113, 118–20, 123,
126, 130, 131, 142, 255
Ghana, 154, 178
girls, education of, 172, 173
glacial melt, 6–7, 14–15, 66–69, 76
Gleick, Peter, 157
Gleneagles meeting of G-8 (2005), 189
Global Crop Diversity Trust, 71
Global Development Research Center, 161
global economy. Seeeconomy and
environment
Global Environment Facility, 82, 127
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis
and Malaria, 181
Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 177
global warming. See climate change
Gökyigit, Nihat, 197
Goldmark, Peter, 241
Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 261
Gore, Al, 251
Goudie, Andrew, 34
Grameen Bank, 242
Granholm, Jennifer, 251
Great Indian Desert, 121, 139
Great Plains (U.S.)
Dust Bowl, 37, 53, 60, 202
food security issues, 219
New England forest, relation to, 196
population pressures on land and water
of, 38, 40, 42, 47
Index
349
failing states (continued)
refugees, environmental, 52
family planning and reproductive health,
182–84
farms and farming. Seeagriculture; food
security; livestock
fertilizer
nitrous oxide from synthetic nitrogen,
131
runoff from, 209
use of, 218, 219
Finland, 99, 100, 106, 133
fisheries and marine ecosystem
biodiversity, protecting, 210
cap-and-trade system for lobster, 247
carbon emissions and acidification of,
209
climate change, effects of, 60
cost of restoring, 214
dead zones, 155
food-based needs, pressure from, 7
geothermal energy in aquaculture, 128
hydropower from waves and tides,
132–35
marine reserves, 206–9
Newfoundland cod fisheries, failure of,
15
Plan B for, 24–25
Ponzi scheme approach to, 15
productivity of aquaculture, 228–29
rising sea levels, 7, 51–54, 55, 61–66,
244
sewage and fertilizer runoff, 209
subsidies, 209
urban environments, aquaculture in, 159
flooding
deforestation, due to, 17, 199
from rising sea levels, 7, 51–54, 55,
61–66, 244
Florida, 99, 123, 157, 165, 250–51
Florida Power and Light, 106
flush and forget sewage systems, 147,
154–58
food chain, eating lower on, 5, 226,
233–35, 238
food security, 3–13, 216–38. See also
agriculture; fisheries and marine
ecosystem; livestock
biofuel demand affecting, 5, 48–51,
115, 131, 170, 216, 235, 255
civilizations, decline of, 3–4
climate change affecting agriculture
and, 6–7, 56, 59, 68, 69–71, 234,
236–37
demand, reducing, 233–35
failing states, problem of, 21–22
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation, 236
genetically modified crops, 8, 218, 219,
220
geopolitics of import and land
acquisition agreements, 9–13
geothermal energy used in winter
vegetable production, 127
interrelationship with other issues,
236–38
land acquisition agreements, 10–13,
216–17
localization of energy and food
economies, 140, 230–33
Plan B goals contributing to, 242
population growth and, 233–34
poverty eradication and, 170
productivity of land, 217–22
productivity of water supply, 214–15,
222–26, 236–37
rising sea levels affecting, 66
school lunch programs, 173–74
soil erosion affecting, 5–6, 9, 236
trend-driven problems with, 4–9
true cost of food production, 17
in urban environments, 145–47,
158–60
water intensivity of food production,
32, 42, 223
Foreign Policy (magazine), 18–20, 185–86
Forest Service, U.S., 60
Forest Stewardship Council, 195
forestry, deforestation, and reforestation,
193–202
biofuel, forest products used as, 129,
194, 198
carbon sequestration via tree planting,
198–202
certification programs, 195
costs associated with, 211–12
cropland expansion affecting, 38
devastation caused by deforestation, 192
food security and, 236
land acquisition agreements, 13
348
Index
202
renewable energy in, 110–11, 125–26,
128, 131, 137
rising sea levels, vulnerability to, 65
Indus River basin, 35, 66
infectious diseases, 174–81. See also
specific illnesses
Inkley, Douglas, 61
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
(U.S.), 65
Institute of Research and Development
(France), 67
Interface, 130
Interface for Cycling Expertise, 154
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 6, 58, 65, 66, 200–1
International Center for Technology
Assessment, 17, 245
International Centre for Research in
Agroforestry, 222
International Council for Science, 131
International Energy Agency, 86, 106, 122
International Food Policy Research
Institute, 10, 13
International Institute for Environment
and Development, 65
International Monetary Fund, 189
International Rice Research Institute, 70
International Water Management
Institute, 40
Iowa, 115, 136, 219, 232
Iran
climate change in, 67
oil subsidies, 248
population pressure on land and water
in, 36, 41, 43, 53
poverty and poverty eradication in,
173, 182–83
Tehran, 144, 148
Iraq, 19, 20, 48, 72, 182, 264
Iraq War, 264
Ireland, 103, 134, 149, 180
irrigation water
diverted to other uses, 7–8, 41–44
food production, water intensivity of,
32, 42, 223
glacial melt affecting, 68
land productivity and, 218
population pressure on. See under
population growth
productivity of, increasing, 214–15,
222–26, 236–37
supply issues, 14–15
Israel, 43, 91, 119, 121, 124, 128, 143, 223
Italy
bicycles, encouraging use of, 151
climate change affecting, 59
environmental taxes in, 245, 246
food insecurity issues, 233, 234
Milan, 149, 164
refugees, environmental, 51–53
renewable energy in, 119, 125, 130
smart appliances, 105
smoking ban in, 180
ITC Holdings Corporation, 138
Jacobson, Mark, 113
Japan
agriculture productivity measures,
decline in, 8
bicycle use in, 154
carbon emissions from, 96
cement production in, 98
energy-efficient technology in, 85,
93–96, 98, 100, 101, 107
energy subsidies, 248
food security issues, 218–19, 223
land acquisition agreements, regulation
of, 13
motor vehicle sales in, 164
Osaka, 93–94
paper recycling in, 193
population growth, decline in, 181, 185
renewable energy in, 118, 119, 124–28,
137
rising sea levels, vulnerability to, 65
smoking, decline in, 179–80
Tokyo, 90, 93, 94, 143, 146, 164, 202
urban environments in, 146, 154, 164
Johnson Controls, 90
Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen, 185
Jordan, 10, 215, 223
JP Morgan Chase, 90
Kansas, 40, 111, 220
Karaca, Hayrettin, 197
Kazakhstan, 5, 10, 11, 37–38, 48, 67, 72
Kenya, 67, 125–26, 154, 194, 201
kerosene, 118–19
Khan, Sardar Riaz A., 41
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 182
Index
351
Great Plains (U.S.) (continued)
renewable energy from, 110, 114, 116,
140
urban environments supplied by, 146
green buildings, 87–91, 107–8, 165–66
Green Party (U.K.), 248
Green Power Express (U.S.), 138
Green Wall (China), 204–5
Green Wall Sahara Initiative, 204
greenhouse gases, 57
Greenland ice sheet, 6–7, 57, 58, 61–65, 76
Greenpeace, 85, 122
GreenWave Energy Solutions, 134
Grey, Sir Edward, 261
grid (electrical power), 103–6, 137–40
GridPoint, 105
Grunwald, Michael, 33
Guangzhou (China), 147–48, 164
guinea worm disease, 178
Habyarimana, Juvenal, 46
Haeberli, Wilfried, 68
Haiti, 19, 22, 33, 192, 236
Hanoi (Viet Nam), 147, 159
Hansen, James, 80, 252
Hart-Rudman U.S. Commission on
National Security in the Twenty-first
Century, 186
Hawaii, 93, 123, 207
Hawken, Paul, 15, 76
He Qingcheng, 39
health care and poverty eradication,
174–81, 190–91
Heinberg, Richard, 73
high-speed trains, 93–96
high-voltage direct-current lines, 137–39
Himalayas, 6, 58, 66–67, 76, 236, 243
HIV/AIDS
curbing epidemic of, 174–77, 190, 262
education and, 172
population decline related to, 181
Population Media Center dramas on,
184
smoking deaths compared to, 179
U.N. Millennium Development Goals
aimed at, 170
home gardening, 231
Honeywell, 90
household appliances
energy-efficient, 84–86, 104–5, 106–7
water-efficient, 157–58
Huai River basin (China), 39
Hungary, 94, 127, 128
hunger. Seefood security
hurricanes, 5, 48, 192
hybrid vehicles, 25, 50–51, 76, 80, 92–93,
96, 135, 245, 253, 259, 266
hydropower, 132–35, 137
Iceland, 26, 125, 127, 128, 137
immunization programs, 175, 181
incandescent bulbs, replacing, 25–26, 79,
81–84
India
atmospheric brown clouds, 58
bicycle use in, 154
climate change in, 59, 66–67, 69–70
conversion of cropland to other uses in,
7
energy subsidies, 248
falling water tables in, 6, 40
food security issues, 5, 218–24, 227–30,
234, 236
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation in, 195, 202
Kolkata (Calcutta), 66, 144, 159
land acquisition agreements, 10
milk and dairy products, 229
Mumbai (Bombay), 90, 143–44
New Delhi, 42, 144
poverty and poverty eradication in,
168, 170, 176–78, 180
renewable energy in, 113, 118, 121, 122,
124, 133, 137, 139
rising sea levels, vulnerability to, 65, 66
social conflict resulting from land and
water shortages in, 47
soil conservation in, 205
urban environments in, 154, 158, 159,
163
water supply in, 7–8, 42, 215
zero-carbon building in, 90
Indonesia
biofuel demands and food security, 49,
50
energy subsidies, 248
failing states, problem of, 22
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation, 198, 201, 210
land acquisition agreements, 11, 13
poverty and poverty eradication in,
169, 177
350
Index
205
Kilimanjaro (Africa), 67
Kiribati, 207
Kitson, Sydney, 165
Klare, Michael, 72
Koch-Weser, Caio, 140
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Company
(U.S.), 250
Kolkata (Calcutta), India, 66, 144, 159
Koplow, Doug, 249
Korea Forest Research Institute, 197
Korea Midland Power, 133
Kumar, K. S. Kavi, 69
Kumtag Desert (China), 35
Kurien, Verghese, 229
Lake Erie, 114
Lake Ontario, 114
Lal, Rattan, 206
land acquisition agreements, 10–13, 216–17
land tenure and productivity, 222
landfill tax, 99, 246
landfills, 57, 99–100, 130, 166, 246, 251
Larsen ice shelf (Antarctica), 64
Larsen, Janet, 182
Las Vegas, NV, 148
Latin America and Caribbean. See also
specific countries
Andes and Andean countries, 66, 68,
118, 213
climate change in, 67–68
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation in, 192, 198
refugees, environmental, 52–54
Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design, 88–90
Lean, Geoffrey, 38
leguminous trees and grain, planting of,
197–98, 222
Lerner, Jaime, 145
Lesotho, 5, 9, 33, 181
Lewis, Karl, 105
Liberia, 185–86
Libya, 10, 51
light-emitting diodes, 26, 79, 83–84
light rail systems, 147, 162
lighting technology, 25–26, 79, 81–84,
106, 118–19
Lima, Peru, 68
literacy programs, 173, 183
livestock. See alsoagriculture; fisheries
and marine ecosystem; food security;
soil erosion and conservation
crop residues used for, 230
food chain, eating lower on, 5, 226,
233–35, 238
grasslands, use of, 235
overgrazing, 7, 14, 35–37, 45, 52, 202,
204–5
productivity of, 226–30
rotational grazing and other sustain-
able practices, 202, 204, 213–14
wind farming combined with, 116
localization of energy and food
economies, 140, 230–33
Lockheed Martin, 120
logging practices, 194–96. See also
forestry, deforestation, and
reforestation
Lowdermilk, Walter, 32–33
Lubchenco, Jane, 208
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 169
Lunar Energy (U.K. company), 133
Lyman, Francesca, 144
Lyme, New Hampshire, 99
Maathai, Wangari, 201
Madagascar, 12
Madoff, Bernard, 14, 15
Maine, 114, 152
Maine, Gulf of, 208
Mainstream Renewable Power, 139
maize. See corn
malaria, 170, 174, 181
Malawi, 220, 222
Malaysia, 49, 131, 157, 223
Maldives, 244
Mali, 45–46, 71, 177, 178, 188, 220
Mankiw, N. Gregory, 246
marine environment. See fisheries and
marine ecosystem
markets and market failure. See economy
and environment
Marshall Plan, 193
Martin, Pamela A., 234
Maryland, 89, 105–6, 120
Masdar City (Abu Dhabi), 165–66
mass transit. Seetransportation
Massachusetts, 114–15
materials economy,changing, 96–103, 107
Mauritania, 34, 52, 71, 204, 220
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 131
Mayans, 3
352
Index
Mazria, Edward, 91
McCann, Barbara, 150
McDonough, William, 97
McGovern, George, 173–74
Mead, Margaret, 267
measles, 174, 175
Meier, Walt, 62
Mekong Delta (southeast Asia), 7, 66, 228
Merrill Lynch, 251
meters, electrical, 104–6
methane, 57, 130
Mexico
Cantarell oil field, 72
energy-efficient technology in, 90, 91
failing states, problem of, 19, 22
food security issues, 219
population pressures on land and water
in, 41, 52–54
reforestation efforts in, 201
renewable energy in, 125, 137
televised public service dramas, 183
urban environments in, 143–45, 147,
161, 183
water supply in, 215, 224–25
Mexico City, 41, 90, 143–45, 147, 161, 183
Michaels, Daniel, 101
Michigan, 116, 117, 251
micro-credit, 242
Middle East and North Africa. See also
specific countries
oil supply from, 17
refugees, environmental, 51–52
soil erosion and desertification in, 7, 36
solar energy in, 111, 139–40
water deficit in, 39, 43–44
Milan (Italy), 149, 164
military budgets, squandering of
resources on, 263–65
Minnesota, 129, 138, 148, 220
Mongolia, 5–6, 9, 33–35, 115, 180, 205,
236
Morocco, 7, 43, 53, 139, 204, 223
Moscow (Russia), 164, 257
motor vehicles
biofuels and food supply, 5, 48–51
carbon emissions from, 96
conversion to electric and hybrid
energy sources for, 25, 50–51, 92–93, 165
environmental taxes on. See under
environmental taxes
free parking for, 163
fuel efficiency standards, improving,
50, 96, 107, 258
reducing use of, 26, 107, 144–45,
148–51, 162–64
sales, decline in, 164, 258
service stations for electric vehicles, 93
wind turbines, automotive industry
capacity to produce, 117, 266
Mount Kenya, 67
Munich Re, 139
Myanmar (formerly Burma), 11, 19
Myers, Norman, 210
Narain, Sunita, 155
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, 34, 63–65, 252
National Center for Atmospheric
Research, 60, 62
National Climate Center, 136
National Complete Streets Coalition, 150
National Dairy Development Board, 229
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 60, 208
National Renewable Energy Lab, 113
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 62
National Wildlife Federation, 60–61
natural gas
carbon emissions from, 56, 255
electricity generated by, 253
energy efficiency and, 79, 80, 84
food security and, 233
Plan B on transitioning from, 24
reducing dependence on, 74, 75
renewable energy and, 109, 117, 121,
124, 128, 130, 135, 137
Natural Resources Defense Council, 250
Netherlands, 26, 139, 151, 153–54, 163,
164
Neufeld, Randy, 150
Nevada, 114, 120, 122, 126, 127, 251
New Energy Algeria, 121
New England, 196, 208
New Hampshire, 99
New Jersey, 114, 120, 121
New York City
cigarette taxes in, 244
climate change affecting, 66
energy-efficient technologies in, 83, 89,
90, 95, 99, 103
growth of, 143
renewable energy used in, 134
Index
353
Documents you may be interested
Documents you may be interested