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8.6.4.2 DeviceGray Colour Space

Black, white, and intermediate shades of gray are special cases of full colour. A grayscale value shall be

represented by a single number in the range 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 corresponds to black, 1.0 to white, and

intermediate values to different gray levels.

EXAMPLE

This example shows alternative ways to select the DeviceGray colour space and a specific gray level

within that space for stroking operations.

/DeviceGray CS

% Set DeviceGray colour space

gray SC

% Set gray level

gray G

% Set both in one operation

The CS and SC operators shall select the current stroking colour space and current stroking colour separately;

G shall set them in combination. (The cs, sc, and g operators shall perform the same functions for nonstroking

operations.) Setting either current colour space to DeviceGray shall initialize the corresponding current colour

to 0.0.

8.6.4.3 DeviceRGB Colour Space

Colours in the DeviceRGB colour space shall be specified according to the additive RGB (red-green-blue)

colour model, in which colour values shall be defined by three components representing the intensities of the

additive primary colorants red, green, and blue. Each component shall be specified by a number in the range

0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 shall denote the complete absence of a primary component and 1.0 shall denote

maximum intensity.

EXAMPLE

This example shows alternative ways to select the DeviceRGB colour space and a specific colour within

that space for stroking operations.

/DeviceRGB CS

% Set DeviceRGB colour space

red green blue SC

% Set colour

red green blue RG

% Set both in one operation

The CS and SC operators shall select the current stroking colour space and current stroking colour separately;

RG shall set them in combination. The cs, sc, and rg operators shall perform the same functions for

nonstroking operations. Setting either current colour space to DeviceRGB shall initialize the red, green, and

blue components of the corresponding current colour to 0.0.

8.6.4.4 DeviceCMYK Colour Space

The DeviceCMYK colour space allows colours to be specified according to the subtractive CMYK (cyan-

magenta-yellow-black) model typical of printers and other paper-based output devices. The four components in

a DeviceCMYK colour value shall represent the concentrations of these process colorants. Each component

shall be a number in the range 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 shall denote the complete absence of a process colorant

and 1.0 shall denote maximum concentration (absorbs as much as possible of the additive primary).

NOTE

As much as the reflective colours (CMYK) decrease reflection with increased ink values and radiant colours

(RGB) increases the intensity of colours with increased values the values work in an opposite manner.

EXAMPLE

The following shows alternative ways to select the DeviceCMYK colour space and a specific colour within

that space for stroking operations.

/DeviceCMYK CS

% Set DeviceCMYK colour space

cyan magenta yellow black SC

% Set colour

cyan magenta yellow black K

% Set bo

th in one operation

The CS and SC operators shall select the current stroking colour space and current stroking colour separately;

K shall set them in combination. The cs, sc, and k operators shall perform the same functions for nonstroking

operations. Setting either current colour space to DeviceCMYK shall initialize the cyan, magenta, and yellow

components of the corresponding current colour to 0.0 and the black component to 1.0.

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144

8.6.5

CIE-Based Colour Spaces

8.6.5.1

General

Calibrated colour in PDF shall be defined in terms of an international standard used in the graphic arts,

television, and printing industries. CIE-based colour spaces enable a page description to specify colour values

in a way that is related to human visual perception. The goal is for the same colour specification to produce

consistent results on different output devices, within the limitations of each device; Figure L.2 in Annex L

illustrates the kind of variation in colour reproduction that can result from the use of uncalibrated colour on

different devices. PDF 1.1 supports three CIE-based colour space families, named CalGray, CalRGB, and

Lab; PDF 1.3 added a fourth, named ICCBased.

NOTE 1

In PDF 1.1, a colour space family named CalCMYK was partially defined, with the expectation that its definition

would be completed in a future version. However, this feature has been deprecated. PDF 1.3 and later

versions support calibrated four-component colour spaces by means of ICC profiles (see 8.6.5.5, "ICCBased

Colour Spaces"). A conforming reader should ignore CalCMYK colour space attributes and render colours

specified in this family as if they had been specified using DeviceCMYK.

NOTE 2

The details of the CIE colourimetric system and the theory on which it is based are beyond the scope of this

specification; see the Bibliography for sources of further information. The semantics of CIE-based colour

spaces are defined in terms of the relationship between the space’s components and the tristimulus values X,

Y, and Z of the CIE 1931 XYZ space. The CalRGB and Lab colour spaces (PDF 1.1) are special cases of

three-component CIE-based colour spaces, known as CIE-based ABC colour spaces. These spaces are

defined in terms of a two-stage, nonlinear transformation of the CIE 1931 XYZ space. The formulation of such

colour spaces models a simple zone theory of colour vision, consisting of a nonlinear trichromatic first stage

combined with a nonlinear opponent-colour second stage. This formulation allows colours to be digitized with

minimum loss of fidelity, an important consideration in sampled images.

Colour values in a CIE-based ABC colour space shall have three components, arbitrarily named A, B, and C.

The first stage shall transform these components by first forcing their values to a specified range, then applying

decoding functions, and then multiplying the results by a 3-by-3 matrix, producing three intermediate

components arbitrarily named L, M, and N. The second stage shall transform these intermediate components

in a similar fashion, producing the final X, Y, and Z components of the CIE 1931 XYZ space (see Figure 22).

Figure 22 – Component Transformations in a CIE-based ABC Colour Space

Colour spaces in the CIE-based families shall be defined by an array

[ name dictionary ]

where name is the name of the family and dictionary is a dictionary containing parameters that further

characterize the space. The entries in this dictionary have specific interpretations that depend on the colour

space; some entries are required and some are optional. See the sub-clauses on specific colour space families

for details.

Setting the current stroking or nonstroking colour space to any CIE-based colour space shall initialize all

components of the corresponding current colour to 0.0 (unless the range of valid values for a given component

does not include 0.0, in which case the nearest valid value shall be substituted.)

Decode ABC

Decode LMN

Matrix ABC

Matrix LMN

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PDF 32000-1:2008

NOTE 3

The model and terminology used here—CIE-based ABC (above) and CIE-based A (below)—are derived from

the PostScript language, which supports these colour space families in their full generality. PDF supports

specific useful cases of CIE-based ABC and CIE-based A spaces; most others can be represented as

ICCBased spaces.

8.6.5.2 CalGray Colour Spaces

A CalGray colour space (PDF 1.1) is a special case of a single-component CIE-based colour space, known as

a CIE-based A colour space. This type of space is the one-dimensional (and usually achromatic) analog of CIE-

based ABC spaces. Colour values in a CIE-based A space shall have a single component, arbitrarily named A.

Figure 23 illustrates the transformations of the A component to X, Y, and Z components of the CIE 1931 XYZ

space.

Figure 23 – Component Transformations in a CIE-based A Colour Space

A CalGray colour space shall be a CIE-based A colour space with only one transformation stage instead of

two. In this type of space, A represents the gray component of a calibrated gray space. This component shall

be in the range 0.0 to 1.0. The decoding function (denoted by “Decode A” in Figure 23) is a gamma function

whose coefficient shall be specified by the Gamma entry in the colour space dictionary (see Table 63). The

transformation matrix denoted by “Matrix A” in the figure is derived from the dictionary’s WhitePoint entry, as

described below. Since there is no second transformation stage, “Decode LMN” and “Matrix LMN ” shall be

implicitly taken to be identity transformations.

The transformation defined by the Gamma and WhitePoint entries is

Table 63 – Entries in a CalGray Colour Space Dictionary

Key

Type

Value

WhitePoint

array

(Required) An array of three numbers [ X

] specifying the

tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse white point;

see 8.6.5.3, "CalRGB Colour Spaces", for further discussion. The

numbers X

and Z

shall be positive, and Y

shall be equal to 1.0.

BlackPoint

array

(Optional) An array of three numbers [ X

] specifying the

tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse black point;

see 8.6.5.3, "CalRGB Colour Spaces", for further discussion. All three

of these numbers shall be non-negative. Default value: [ 0.0 0.0 0.0 ].

Gamma

number

(Optional) A number G defining the gamma for the gray (A)

component. G shall be positive and is generally greater than or equal

to 1. Default value: 1.

Decode A

Decode LMN

Matrix A

Matrix LMN

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146

In other words, the A component shall be first decoded by the gamma function, and the result shall be

multiplied by the components of the white point to obtain the L, M, and N components of the intermediate

representation. Since there is no second stage, the L, M, and N components shall also be the X, Y, and Z

components of the final representation.

EXAMPLE 1

The examples in this sub-clause illustrate interesting and useful special cases of CalGray spaces. This

example establishes a space consisting of the Y dimension of the CIE 1931 XYZ space with the CCIR XA/

11–recommended D65 white point.

[ /CalGray

<< /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1.0000 1.0890 ] >>

]

EXAMPLE 2

This example establishes a calibrated gray space with the CCIR XA/11–recommended D65 white point

and opto-electronic transfer function.

[ /CalGray

<< /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1.0000 1.0890 ]

/Gamma 2.222

]

8.6.5.3

CalRGB Colour Spaces

A CalRGB colour space is a CIE-based ABC colour space with only one transformation stage instead of two. In

this type of space, A, B, and C represent calibrated red, green, and blue colour values. These three colour

components shall be in the range 0.0 to 1.0; component values falling outside that range shall be adjusted to

the nearest valid value without error indication. The decoding functions (denoted by “Decode ABC” in Figure

22) are gamma functions whose coefficients shall be specified by the Gamma entry in the colour space

dictionary (see Table 64). The transformation matrix denoted by “Matrix ABC” in Figure 22 shall be defined by

the dictionary’s Matrix entry. Since there is no second transformation stage, “Decode LMN ” and “Matrix LMN ”

shall be implicitly taken to be identity transformations.

The WhitePoint and BlackPoint entries in the colour space dictionary shall control the overall effect of the

CIE-based gamut mapping function described in sub-clause 10.2, "CIE-Based Colour to Device Colour".

Typically, the colours specified by WhitePoint and BlackPoint shall be mapped to the nearly lightest and

nearly darkest achromatic colours that the output device is capable of rendering in a way that preserves colour

appearance and visual contrast.

Table 64 – Entries in a CalRGB Colour Space Dictionary

Key

Type

Value

WhitePoint array

(Required) An array of three numbers [ X

] specifying the tristimulus

value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse white point; see below for

further discussion. The numbers X

and Z

shall be positive, and Y

shall be

equal to 1.0.

BlackPoint

array

(Optional) An array of three numbers [ X

] specifying the tristimulus

value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse black point; see below for

further discussion. All three of these numbers shall be non-negative. Default

value: [ 0.0 0.0 0.0 ].

Gamma

array

(Optional) An array of three numbers [ G

] specifying the gamma for

the red, green, and blue (A , B, and C) components of the colour space.

Default value: [ 1.0 1.0 1.0 ].

Matrix

array

(Optional) An array of nine numbers [ X

]

specifying the linear interpretation of the decoded A, B, and C components of

the colour space with respect to the final XYZ representation. Default value:

the identity matrix [ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ].

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PDF 32000-1:2008

WhitePoint represents the diffuse achromatic highlight, not a specular highlight. Specular highlights,

achromatic or otherwise, are often reproduced lighter than the diffuse highlight. BlackPoint represents the

diffuse achromatic shadow; its value is limited by the dynamic range of the input device. In images produced by

a photographic system, the values of WhitePoint and BlackPoint vary with exposure, system response, and

artistic intent; hence, their values are image-dependent.

The transformation defined by the Gamma and Matrix entries in the CalRGB colour space dictionary shall be

The A, B, and C components shall first be decoded individually by the gamma functions. The results shall be

treated as a three-element vector and multiplied by Matrix (a 3-by-3 matrix) to obtain the L, M, and N

components of the intermediate representation. Since there is no second stage, these shall also be the X, Y,

and Z components of the final representation.

EXAMPLE

The following shows an example of a CalRGB colour space for the CCIR XA/11–recommended D65

white point with 1.8 gammas and Sony Trinitron phosphor chromaticities.

[ /CalRGB

<< /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1.0000 1.0890 ]

/Gamma [ 1.8000 1.8000 1.8 000]

/Matrix [ 0.4497 0.2446 0.0252

0.3163 0.6720 0.1412

0.1845 0.0833 0.9227

]

The parameters of a CalRGB colour space may be specified in terms of the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates

, y

), (x

, y

), (x

, y

) of the red, green, and blue phosphors, respectively, and the chromaticity (x

, y

)

of the diffuse white point corresponding to a linear RGB value (R, G, B), where R, G, and B should all equal 1.0.

The standard CIE notation uses lowercase letters to specify chromaticity coordinates and uppercase letters to

specify tristimulus values. Given this information, Matrix and WhitePoint shall be calculated as follows:

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

(

)

×(

------

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------

1 x

–

--------------- 1

–

⎝

⎠

⎜

⎟

⎛

⎞

------

–

( –

)

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------

1 x

–

--------------- 1

–

⎝

⎠

⎜

⎟

⎛

⎞

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148

8.6.5.4

Lab Colour Spaces

A Lab colour space is a CIE-based ABC colour space with two transformation stages (see Figure 22). In this

type of space, A, B, and C represent the L*, a*, and b* components of a CIE 1976 L*a*b* space. The range of

the first (L *) component shall be 0 to 100; the ranges of the second and third (a * and b*) components shall be

defined by the Range entry in the colour space dictionary (see Table 65).

Figure L.3 in Annex L illustrates the coordinates of a typical Lab colour space; Figure L.4 in Annex L compares

the gamuts (ranges of representable colours) for L*a*b*, RGB, and CMYK spaces.

A Lab colour space shall not specify explicit decoding functions or matrix coefficients for either stage of the

transformation from L*a*b* space to XYZ space (denoted by “Decode ABC,” “Matrix ABC ,” “Decode LMN,” and

“Matrix LMN ” in Figure 22). Instead, these parameters shall have constant implicit values. The first

transformation stage shall be defined by the equations

Table 65 – Entries in a Lab Colour Space Dictionary

Key

Type

Value

WhitePoint array

(Required) An array of three numbers [ X

] that shall specify the

tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse white point; see

8.6.5.3, "CalRGB Colour Spaces" for further discussion. The numbers X

and

shall be positive, and Y

shall be 1.0.

BlackPoint

array

(Optional) An array of three numbers [ X

] that shall specify the

tristimulus value, in the CIE 1931 XYZ space, of the diffuse black point; see

8.6.5.3, "CalRGB Colour Spaces" for further discussion. All three of these

numbers shall be non-negative. Default value: [ 0.0 0.0 0.0 ].

Range

array

(Optional) An array of four numbers [ a

min

max

min

max

] that shall specify

the range of valid values for the a* and b* (B and C) components of the colour

space—that is,

and

Component values falling outside the specified range shall be adjusted to the

nearest valid value without error indication.

Default value: [

−

100 100

−

100 100 ].

------

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

(

)

–

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------

1 x

–

--------------- 1

–

⎝

⎠

⎜

⎟

⎛

⎞

min

max

≤

min

b* b

max

≤

149

PDF 32000-1:2008

The second transformation stage shall be

where the function g (x) shall be defined as

EXAMPLE

The following defines the CIE 1976 L*a*b* space with the CCIR XA/11–recommended D65 white point.

The a* and b* components, although theoretically unbounded, are defined to lie in the useful range -128

to +127.

[ /Lab

<< /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1.0000 1.0890 ]

/Range [ -128 127 -128 127 ]

]

8.6.5.5 ICCBased Colour Spaces

ICCBased colour spaces (PDF 1.3) shall be based on a cross-platform colour profile as defined by the

International Color Consortium (ICC) (see, “Bibliography“). Unlike the CalGray, CalRGB, and Lab colour

spaces, which are characterized by entries in the colour space dictionary, an ICCBased colour space shall be

characterized by a sequence of bytes in a standard format. Details of the profile format can be found in the ICC

specification (see, “Bibliography“).

An ICCBased colour space shall be an array:

[ /ICCBased stream ]

The stream shall contain the ICC profile. Besides the usual entries common to all streams (see Table 5), the

profile stream shall have the additional entries listed in Table 66.

Table 66 – Additional Entries Specific to an ICC Profile Stream Dictionary

Key

Type

Value

integer

(Required) The number of colour components in the colour space described

by the ICC profile data. This number shall match the number of components

actually in the ICC profile. N shall be 1, 3, or 4.

L* 16

116

-------------------

500

---------

L* 16

116

-------------------

L* 16

116

-------------------

200

---------

–

g L

( )

g M

( )

g N

( )

g x

( )

if x

------

≥

g x

( )

108

841

---------

------

–

⎝

⎠

⎛

⎞

otherwise

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150

The ICC specification is an evolving standard. Table 67 shows the versions of the ICC specification on which

the ICCBased colour spaces that PDF versions 1.3 and later shall use. (Earlier versions of the ICC

specification shall also be supported.)

Conforming writers and readers should follow these guidelines:

•

A conforming reader shall support ICC.1:2004:10 as required by PDF 1.7, which will enable it to properly

render all embedded ICC profiles regardless of the PDF version.

•

A conforming reader shall always process an embedded ICC profile according to the corresponding

version of the PDF being processed as shown in Table 67 above; it shall not substitute the Alternate colour

space in these cases.

•

A conforming writer should use ICC 1:2004-10 profiles. It may embed profiles conforming to a later ICC

version. The conforming reader should process such profiles according to Table 67; if that is not possible,

it shall substitute the Alternate colour space.

•

Conforming writers shall only use the profile types shown in Table 68 for specifying calibrated colour

spaces for colouring graphic objects. Each of the indicated fields shall have one of the values listed for that

field in the second column of the table. Profiles shall satisfy both the criteria shown in the table. The

terminology is taken from the ICC specifications.

Alternate

array or

name

(Optional) An alternate colour space that shall be used in case the one

specified in the stream data is not supported. Non-conforming readers may

use this colour space. The alternate space may be any valid colour space

(except a Pattern colour space) that has the number of components specified

by N. If this entry is omitted and the conforming reader does not understand

the ICC profile data, the colour space that shall be used is DeviceGray,

DeviceRGB, or DeviceCMYK, depending on whether the value of N is 1, 3, or

4, respectively.

There shall not be conversion of source colour values, such as a tint

transformation, when using the alternate colour space. Colour values within

the range of the ICCBased colour space might not be within the range of the

alternate colour space. In this case, the nearest values within the range of the

alternate space shall be substituted.

Range

array

(Optional) An array of 2

N numbers [ min

max

min

max

… ] that shall

specify the minimum and maximum valid values of the corresponding colour

components. These values shall match the information in the ICC profile.

Default value: [ 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 … ].

Metadata

stream

(Optional; PDF 1.4) A metadata stream that shall contain metadata for the

colour space (see 14.3.2, "Metadata Streams").

Table 67 – ICC Specification Versions Supported by ICC Based Colour Spaces

PDF

Version

ICC Specification Version

1.3

3.3

1.4

ICC.1:1998-09 and its addendum ICC.1A:1999-04

1.5

ICC.1:2001-12

1.6

ICC.1:2003-09

1.7

ICC.1:2004-10 (ISO 15076-1:2005)

Table 66 – Additional Entries Specific to an ICC Profile Stream Dictionary (continued)

Key

Type

Value

151

PDF 32000-1:2008

NOTE 1

XYZ and 16-bit L*a*b* profiles are not listed.

The terminology used in PDF colour spaces and ICC colour profiles is similar, but sometimes the same terms

are used with different meanings. The default value for each component in an ICCBased colour space is 0. The

range of each colour component is a function of the colour space specified by the profile and is indicated in the

ICC specification. The ranges for several ICC colour spaces are shown in Table 69.

Since the ICCBased colour space is being used as a source colour space, only the “to CIE” profile information

(AToB in ICC terminology) shall be used; the “from CIE” (BToA) information shall be ignored when present. An

ICC profile may also specify a rendering intent, but a conforming reader shall ignore this information; the

rendering intent shall be specified in PDF by a separate parameter (see 8.6.5.8, "Rendering Intents").

The requirements stated above apply to an ICCBased colour space that is used to specify the source colours

of graphics objects. When such a space is used as the blending colour space for a transparency group in the

transparent imaging model (see 11.3.4, "Blending Colour Space"; 11.4, "Transparency Groups"; and 11.6.6,

"Transparency Group XObjects"), it shall have both “to CIE” (AToB) and “from CIE” (BToA) information. This is

because the group colour space shall be used as both the destination for objects being painted within the group

and the source for the group’s results. ICC profiles shall also be used in specifying output intents for matching

the colour characteristics of a PDF document with those of a target output device or production environment.

When used in this context, they shall be subject to still other constraints on the “to CIE” and “from CIE”

information; see 14.11.5, "Output Intents", for details.

The representations of ICCBased colour spaces are less compact than CalGray, CalRGB, and Lab, but can

represent a wider range of colour spaces.

NOTE 2

One particular colour space is the “standard RGB” or sRGB, defined in the International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC) document Color Measurement and Management in Multimedia Systems and Equipment

(see

, “Bibliography“

). In PDF, the sRGB colour space can only be expressed as an ICCBased space,

although it can be approximated by a CalRGB space.

EXAMPLE

The following shows an ICCBased colour space for a typical three-component RGB space. The profile’s

data has been encoded in hexadecimal representation for readability; in actual practice, a lossless

decompression filter such as FlateDecode should be used.

10 0 obj

% Colour space

[ /ICCBased 15 0 R ]

Table 68 – ICC Profile Types

Header Field

Required Value

deviceClass

icSigInputClass ('scnr')

icSigDisplayClass ('mntr')

icSigOutputClass ('prtr')

icSigColorSpaceClass ('spac')

colorSpace

icSigGrayData ('GRAY')

icSigRgbData ('RGB ')

icSigCmykData ('CMYK')

icSigLabData ('Lab ')

Table 69 – Ranges for Typical ICC Colour Spaces

ICC Colour Space

Component Ranges

Gray

[ 0.0 1.0 ]

RGB

[ 0.0 1.0 ]

CMYK

[ 0.0 1.0 ]

L*a*b*

L*: [ 0 100 ]; a* and b*: [

−

128 127 ]

PDF 32000-1:2008

152

endobj

15 0 obj

% ICC profile stream

<< /N 3

/Alternate /DeviceRGB

/Length 1605

/Filter /ASCIIHexDecode

stream

00 00 02 0C 61 70 70 6C 02 00 00 00 6D 6E 74 72

52 47 42 20 58 59 5A 20 07 CB 00 02 00 16 00 0E

00 22 00 2C 61 63 73 70 41 50 50 4C 00 00 00 00

61 70 70 6C 00 00 04 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02

00 00 00 00 00 00 F6 D4 00 01 00 00 00 00 D3 2B

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

00 00 00 09 64 65 73 63 00 00 00 F0 00 00 00 71

72 58 59 5A 00 00 01 64 00 00 00 14 67 58 59 5A

00 00 01 78 00 00 00 14 62 58 59 5A 00 00 01 8C

00 00 00 14 72 54 52 43 00 00 01 A0 00 00 00 0E

67 54 52 43 00 00 01 B0 00 00 00 0E 62 54 52 43

00 00 01 C0 00 00 00 0E 77 74 70 74 00 00 01 D0

00 00 00 14 63 70 72 74 00 00 01 E4 00 00 00 27

64 65 73 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 41 70 70 6C

65 20 31 33 22 20 52 47 42 20 53 74 61 6E 64 61

72 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 41 70

70 6C 65 20 31 33 22 20 52 47 42 20 53 74 61 6E

64 61 72 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

00 58 59 5A 58 59 5A 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 0A

00 00 35 0F 00 00 03 30 58 59 5A 20 00 00 00 00

00 00 53 3D 00 00 AE 37 00 00 15 76 58 59 5A 20

00 00 00 00 00 00 40 89 00 00 1C AF 00 00 BA 82

63 75 72 76 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 CC 63 75

63 75 72 76 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 CC 58 59

58 59 5A 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 F3 1B 00 01 00 00

00 01 67 E7 74 65 78 74 00 00 00 00 20 43 6F 70

79 72 69 67 68 74 20 41 70 70 6C 65 20 43 6F 6D

70 75 74 65 72 73 20 31 39 39 34 00 >

endstream

endobj

8.6.5.6

Default Colour Spaces

Colours that are specified in a device colour space (DeviceGray, DeviceRGB, or DeviceCMYK) are device-

dependent. By setting default colour spaces (PDF 1.1), a conforming writer can request that such colours shall

be systematically transformed (remapped) into device-independent CIE-based colour spaces. This capability

can be useful in a variety of circumstances:

•

A document originally intended for one output device is redirected to a different device.

•

A document is intended to be compatible with non-compliant readers and thus cannot specify CIE-based

colours directly.

•

Colour corrections or rendering intents need to be applied to device colours (see 8.6.5.8, "Rendering

Intents").

A colour space is selected for painting each graphics object. This is either the current colour space parameter

in the graphics state or a colour space given as an entry in an image XObject, inline image, or shading

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