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6 - Managing Track FX
Show in left pane list.
This displays as a sub-menu a list of categories of plug-in that you can choose to display (or not). Those that
are chosen will be listed in the left pane of the FX browser window.
You can choose as many or as few of the plug-in types as you want: DX, DXi, VST, VSTi, VST3, VST3i,
AU, AUi, JS, Rewire and Cockos.
Choosing Instruments causes all virtual instruments to be listed together: these will also be ;listed in their
native folders (VSTi, DXi, etc) if these are also selected.
Selecting Recent causes all plug-ins recently used being displayed here, as well as in their native folders.
Selecting VST folders causes all folders with VST plugins to be listed in the left pane under My folders.
Selecting FX Chains will cause FX chains to be listed.
Show in FX list
This enables you to show in the displayed FX list the Default preset (if any, along with the FX name),
descriptions, or file names, or both for JS FX, the Video processor (see Chapter 19), and/or plug-ins
whose name begins with a #. Renaming a plug-in so that its name begins with a # will ensure that it is not
shown in the FX browser's FX list.
There are also two Auto clear search field (filter) options – when you change your selected folder, and/or
when you close the FX browser.
Enabling the option Auto-clear folder view on close ensures that the next time the Add FX browser is
opened All Plugins will be selected in the left panel.
6.5
Replacing One FX With Another
To replace any FX in a track's FX chain, simply follow this procedure:
1. Display the track's FX chain and select the FX in the chain that you want to replace.
2. From the FX Window top menu choose the FX, Replace FX… command. This opens the Add FX window.
3. Select the required replacement FX and click on OK.
Any pin connector assignments on the replaced FX will automatically be assigned to the new one.
6.6
Copying Track FX
Any track FX (individual FX or complete chains) can be copied from one track to any other track, or tracks.
When a plug-in is copied in this way, the settings and parameter values are also copied with it. You can use
standard Windows techniques like Ctrl C and Ctrl V if you like, but the simplest way is to simply select the
required plug-in(s) in the FX window of your source track and use the mouse to drag and drop to the FX button
of any other track. This can be done from either the TCP (track control panel) or the MCP (mixer control panel).
Example
For this example, open the file All Through The Night Folder.rpp that you saved earlier in this section. If
you did not make this file, use any other file which has more than one track.
1. Click on the FX Button for the track Gtr Neck to open the track's FX Window.
2. Insert the VST ReaEQ(Cockos) plug-in into this window.
3. Hover the mouse over the text
VST ReaEQ
in the plug-in window. Press and hold down the left mouse
button and, holding it down, drag the mouse to point on the track control area of the Gtr Body track.
4. Release the mouse. The ReaEQ plug-in will now have been copied into this track.
You can of course repeat this as often as required to copy the same plug-in to other tracks. When you copy an
FX in this way, any settings and parameter values that you have set will be copied with it. To copy more than
one plug-in at the same time from one track to another, use this sequence:
1. Click on the first plug-in to be selected. Hold the Ctrl key down while clicking in turn on each additional
plug-in that you want copied. Alternatively, if you want to copy all FX in a chain, click on the first item,
then hold Shift while you click on the last item in the chain.
2. Use the method described above to drag and drop on or near the FX button of the track to which you
wish to copy your plug-ins.
Tip: FX can also be copied from the FX chain of any track to individual media items or takes anywhere in the
project. Working with per item and per take FX will be explored in Chapters 6 and 7.
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6.7
FX Quick Display
Track FX are listed on a track's FX button right click menu (see right). You can open
the window for any of these FX direct from this menu.
6.8
Moving Track FX
To move (rather than copy) a plug-in from one track to another, simply hold down
the Alt key while you drag and drop.
Tip: Hovering your mouse over any track’s FX button causes a tooltip to be displayed, listing the plug-ins
present in that track’s FX bin. It displays this information even if the FX chain is set to bypass.
6.9
Managing FX Parameters
REAPER's FX interface window includes for each FX a Param button which you
can use to help you manage and control the various FX parameters.
Click on any parameter control within the FX window then on the Param
button to display a menu of choices. The five menu options are Show in track
controls, Show track envelope, Parameter modulation, Learn and Alias
Parameter.
Show in track controls. This adds a control knob for this parameter to both
the Track Control Panel (TCP) and the Mixer Control Panel (MCP).
Choose this command from the menu to display a list of parameters for this
particular FX. Select any item(s) from the list to add a control knob to the track control panel. An example
(using two parameters from ReaComp) is shown here
(below right).
To remove any of these controls, right-click over the
button and choose Remove from list from the menu.
This context menu also gives you access to the four other
parameter control tools, Learn, Modulate (Parameter
modulation), Envelope (Show track envelope) and Alias (Alias parameter).
Show track envelope. The whole topic of envelopes and
automation with envelopes is covered in depth in Chapter
17. For the time being note that you can use this command
to add to your tracks automation envelopes for any FX
parameters. An example is shown here.
The envelopes can be displayed in their own lanes (as
shown here) or over the media item(s). To learn how to do
this, see Chapter 17.
Parameter Modulation. This is a rather advanced topic.
Parameter modulation allows you to define a relationship
between two parameters so that one is controlled by the other. For example, you might want a threshold's ratio
to automatically increase as the threshold is lowered. This topic is explained in Chapter 18.
Learn. If you are using an external MIDI control device you can assign FX parameters to controls (such as
knobs or faders) on that external device. This topic is covered in detail in Chapters 11 and 13.
Alias parameter. This allows you to change (just for this
instance) the name of a parameter to one that makes more sense
to you.
Shown here is an example.
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C# HTML5 Viewer: Deployment on ASP.NET MVC Open Global asax.cs, you can find the functions shown below. Creating a Home folder under Views according to config in picture above. RasterEdge.XDoc.PDF.dll.
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paste jpg into pdf preview; paste image into pdf acrobat
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6 - Managing Track FX
6.10
Changing the Default FX Name
To change the default name of any Direct X or VST FX (but
not JS) plug-in:
Display the FX Browser Window (View, FX Browser)
Right Click over the plug-in to be renamed.
Choose Rename FX from the menu.
Type the new name and press Enter.
6.11
Renaming Track FX Instances
You can rename individual FX Plug-in instances so that your custom name is used for that FX in both Track View
and in the Mixer. Typically this can be used to describe the purpose of the FX. For example, you might want to
rename an instance of ReaEQ that has been added to a vocal as “Add warmth” or “More presence” and so on.
To do this, simply select the plug-in and
press F2, or follow this sequence:
Right click over the FX Item in
either the FX Chain window, or the
FX Bin in the Mixer view.
From the menu, choose Rename
FX instance.
Type your custom name.
Press Enter.
Note that your custom name will only
be applied to that single instance of the FX Plug-in in that one track. Other instances will not be affected.
6.12
Using Default FX Parameter Settings
You can specify that any set of FX parameter settings is to be used as a default
whenever that FX is applied to any track or item. When you have your settings
right, click on the small + button and choose Save preset as default from the
menu. You will need to enter a name for the preset. The use of presets is
explained more fully in Chapter14.
6.13
Hardware Output FX Monitoring
To open the FX: Monitoring window you can:
Choose Monitoring FX … from the context menu of any project tab, or
Click on the Monitor FX button at the end of the project tab bar (if you are using project tabs), or
Use the View, Monitoring FX command from the main menu, or
Hold Shift while clicking on the FX button of the Master track.
This FX window is the same as any track FX window. You can specify any FX that you want to put on your
hardware outputs. These do not show up in renders, do not affect the metronome and are not stored in the
project file. Examples when you might use this feature might include:
When running analysis FX.
Compensating for the acoustic characteristics (perhaps with EQ or reverb)
of a particular room.
Notice that:
You can right-click on the Monitor FX button to access any plug-in assigned
to output monitoring, or to add more FX.
Click over the right hand end of this button to toggle bypass status. The button turns red when
bypassed.
Within the FX:Monitoring window, click on the Param button then Learn to assign control of any
selected FX parameter to an external control device.
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C# Raster - Modify Image Palette in C#.NET & pages edit, C#.NET PDF pages extract, copy, paste, C#.NET VB.NET How-to, VB.NET PDF, VB.NET Word, VB is used to reduce the size of the picture, especially in
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copying image from pdf to powerpoint; how to copy and paste image from pdf to word
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6.14
Optimizing FX Performance
Some plug-ins can be quite greedy in their use of CPU. This especially tends to be the case with delay based FX,
such as Delay, Chorus, and especially Reverb. REAPER provides a number of options which you can use to
minimize the drain placed on your computer resources by your plug-ins. These options can be found in the
REAPER Preferences window (Ctrl P) under the heading Audio, Buffering. This window is shown and
discussed further in Chapter 21.
There is no “one size fits all” optimal group of settings. What is best for you depends on various factors,
including which processor(s) you are using and which plug-ins. However it shouldn’t be too difficult to
experiment. Note in particular the following:
Try using the default settings for Media Buffering at first. You can adjust them later.
Allow live FX multiprocessing. Try turning this on if your PC has multiprocessors.
Anticipative FX processing. This can reduce CPU usage, but too aggressive a setting can cause pops
and crackles on playback. If working with UAD-1,for best results, both Synchronous FX and UAD-1
Synchronous modes should be enabled. Anticipative FX should be disabled. UAD-2, however, is
compatible with Anticipative FX mode and this is recommended for best low latency performance..
Optimize buffering for low latency hardware.
If you find that any particular plug-in
or FX chain gives you problems with
media buffering or anticipative FX
processing, you can disable either or
both for individual tracks using the
Track Performance Options on the
Track Control Panel right-click menu.
6.15
FX Notes and Comments
The REAPER FX Chain window includes an area for any Comments (or notes) that you may wish to make – see
example below. Click on the … button just above the bypass tick box to add comments.
The notes are linked to
the individual instance
of the specific plug-in.
In the example shown,
the comment is only
displayed when the 4
band EQ is selected for
Track 2, the Vox Lead.
You may add notes for
all or any of a track's FX if you wish, but only one comment at a time will be displayed in the track's FX window.
You can open the comments in a separate window of their own by clicking on that … button . You may have as
many as you wish of these comment windows open at any time.
6.16
Wet/Dry Mix and Bypass
The wet/dry mix control was mentioned in Chapter 2. Click and hold your mouse over the small
rotary fader near the top right corner of the plug-in window and you will see the wet/dry
balance for that plug-in displayed as text (above right). At 100% wet (the default) the plug-in
is applied to the track in the way that you would normally expect. Click and drag the mouse on
this to adjust this value to create a mix of the dry signal (the audio stream with no effect applied) and the wet
signal (the audio stream with the effect fully applied. For example, set to 100%, this mix is fully wet. At 0% it is
fully dry (effectively sounding the same as bypass). At 50% the dry and wet signals are mixed together in equal
amount.
Notice also that the small check box to the immediate right of this control has a bypass function. Leave it ticked
as shown and the effect (as determined by its various parameter settings including the wet/dry mix control) will
be applied to the track. Untick this box and the effect is bypassed.
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6 - Managing Track FX
6.17
Plug-in Delay Compensation
By default, REAPER uses plug-in delay compensation (PDC) to ensure
that audio remains time aligned. It does this by adjusting for any
latency caused by any plug-in, such as can arise with some convolution
reverb plug-ins for example. The latency for any track is displayed in
the bottom left corner of that track's FX chain window. For example, a
display of 256/512 spls would mean that one of the FX requires a
latency of 256 samples: REAPER rounds this up to a number of blocks
based on your buffer size. All other tracks will be delayed to match the
track with the greatest latency.
If you encounter circumstances in which PDC is creating problems (for examples, dropouts or excessive latency)
then it can be disabled for any plug-in from the pin connector button (shown here labelled “2 in 2 out”) context
menu. Note too that PDC is disabled when feedback routing is employed.
6.18
Opening a File in Recovery Mode
Any computer program will crash given the right (or wrong?) circumstances. REAPER is very stable, but
nevertheless there may be occasions when you experience a crash. This can be caused by a problem with some
third party VST, VSTi, DX or DXi plug-in.
If this happens, you should enable the
option to Open with FX offline (recovery
mode) when re-opening the file from the
File, Open project dialog box (see right).
This will open the file with all FX set offline.
By reintroducing them online one at a time,
you should be able to identify which is the
plug-in that is causing the problem. To then fix the problem you should remove this plug-in and replace it with
another of equivalent functionality.
Another method is to hold down Ctrl Shift while you open a file from the File, Recent projects menu.
6.19
Stem Rendering
Stem Rendering is a technique that can be applied to ease your CPU load, to prevent it from becoming
overstressed. The item is rendered to a new track, whilst the original track remains but is automatically muted
and its FX are bypassed. If you later wish to change the FX in a stem rendered track, you can delete the
rendered track, unmute the original, and make your changes. This is how you make a stem track:
1. In the Track Control Panel area, right-click over the track number.
2. From the menu, choose Render/freeze tracks, then one of the Render tracks to … stem tracks
(and mute originals) commands. Your choices are mono, stereo or multichannel.
The first of these commands
will render to a mono item
(as shown here). The second
will always produce a stereo
item. The number of
channels produced when
multichannel is selected will be determined by the number of channels that you have defined for the track. By
default, REAPER tracks comprise just 2 channels: in this case, both the stereo and multichannel options will
produce the same result. As well as track FX, any audio or MIDI received from sends from other tracks is
included in the rendered material.
Stem rendering has a similar effect to freezing tracks (see section after next). One main difference is that
(unlike freezing) stem rendering leaves both the rendered and the unrendered tracks in the project. If you only
wish to render the track FX without keeping both tracks in the project, you might wish to consider using one of
the Render/freeze freeze actions instead. These are covered in the couple of pages that follow this one.
Stem rendering is also available with an extensive range of options (such as output format and quality) using
the File, Render... command. This opens the Render to File dialog box. See Chapter 20 for details.
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6.20
Rendering a Group of Tracks to a Single Track
This example uses the Render to File dialog
box, which is explained in detail in Chapter 20.
You can apply stem rendering to a group of
tracks, so that they will be mixed down to a
single audio file. To do this:
1. Put the required tracks in a folder.
2. In the Track Control Panel, select the
folder. No other track should be
selected.
3. Choose the File, Render command.
4. Make sure your selected options include
Stems (selected tracks) and
Channels Stereo or Mono (as you
wish) as shown on the right. If you
wish, also select the option to Add
rendered items to new tracks in
project.
5. Select your output format (e.g. WAV)
and format specifications (e.g. 24 bit).
6. Click on Render 1 file...
In the example shown below, the output of the
Guitars folder has been rendered to a single
stereo track. This has been added to the file
and the folder has been muted.
When working with multichannel tracks you
can also render your output in multichannel
format. You will need to select the required
number of channels from the Channels drop
down list in the Render to File dialog box.
You'll learn more about file rendering, including multichannel rendering, in Chapter 20.
6.21
Freezing and Unfreezing Tracks
The Freeze tracks actions
(from the Track right click menu
Render/freeze tracks
command) are used to freeze
any track in place, replacing its
contents with a single rendered audio item. The first of the freeze actions shown (above) will produce a mono
audio item for each track frozen, the second stereo and the third multichannel (according to the number of
track channels). If more than one track is selected, each will be rendered separately.
On line FX are applied to the rendered item, as is the content of any signals sent to the rendered channels from
other tracks. Where these include MIDI data or items, they will be rendered as audio. Both on line FX and
receives are then removed from the track. Note that a MIDI item with no synth attached to it will be rendered
as silence. Where a synth is present, it is the output of the synth that will be rendered.
When a track has already been frozen, Unfreeze tracks will appear on the above menu as an action that can
be used to restore the track to its state at the point in time that it was frozen. Both the FX chain and any
receives will be restored. Other points to note are:
A track can have further FX and receives added to it after it has been frozen. In this case, if you then
freeze the track again, these FX (along with audio and or MIDI material from the new receives) will be
rendered together with the existing frozen material to another new audio item.
Each unfreeze action will remove the previous freeze on that track and restore it to its state at the time of
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6 - Managing Track FX
that freeze action. Thus, if a track has been frozen, had more effects added and been frozen again, then
you will need to unfreeze it twice if you wish to restore it its state immediately before first being frozen.
Using the Track Manager
Freezing can also be handled using
the Track Manager. Choose
Track Manager from REAPER's
main View menu.
You can select any track(s) from
the list (in the example shown,
tracks 3 and 4 are selected) then
click on the Freeze button for a
menu of freeze choices (mono,
stereo or multichannel).
The number of times any track has
been frozen (up to a maximum of 8)
will be shown in the Freeze column.
In this example (right), tracks 3 and
4 have now both been frozen once.
The Unfreeze command will be
added to the Freeze menu when
that menu is displayed with a frozen
track selected. Moreover, this menu
will also include an option to display
the freeze details for that track (see
above).
You can read more about the Track
Manager in Chapter 12.
Selected FX Freeze
Other options, available from a track's FX chain window, are to freeze a track up to its last on-line or selected
FX, as you wish - see above. In this case, only the first two FX (ReaComp and ReaEQ) have been selected. The
action Freeze track to stereo, up to last selected FX will cause the compression and EQ to be frozen on to
the track. These two FX will be removed from the track's FX chain. The third (JS) effect will not be rendered to
the new audio item. It will remain, and can be further adjusted, or removed altogether as the user wishes.
One useful action (accessible from REAPER's Action List window) is View: Show track freeze details. This
can be used to display freeze history and details for any frozen track. Chapter 14 explains in detail more about
actions and about how you can assign them to toolbars or to your own shortcut keys.
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6.22
Vertical/Horizontal FX Tree Display
The FX tree can be displayed
in a vertical layout (the
default) or horizontal layout
(shown here). The display can
be toggled between these two
options by double-clicking on
the boundary between the
two sections, on the double-
headed arrow mouse cursor
(as shown).
6.23
Adding FX Comments
Near the top right corner of every track FX window there is a small button displaying
three dots. Clicking this opens a window where you can type any comments you wish to
make about the currently selected FX and its settings.
6.24
Installing Extra JS Plug-ins
You can find more JS plug-ins that are available free of charge at stash.reaper.fm/tag/JS-Effects
To install any of these, follow this sequence:
1. Download the effect and (if necessary) unzip the file.
2. If the JS effect file has a .txt extension, edit the file name to remove this.
3. Copy the effect to your REAPER Application Data Effects folder. You can find this by giving (within
REAPER) the command Options, Show REAPER resource path … If you wish, you can place it in a
sub-folder within the Effects folder.
4. Close and restart REAPER.
Some JS FX come with other files (such as data files or image files). As a rule, data files are placed in a sub-
folder in the Application Data Data folder, and other files are placed relative to the JS FX file. In most cases
where this is necessary, the JS effect developer will supply specific instructions with the effect.
6.25
Track Templates Revisited
Don't forget that as well as saving FX chains by themselves, you can include them with other track settings
(such as name, pan settings, volume levels, etc.) into track templates. Remember too that you can use the
Track, Save tracks as template command to save a whole selection of several tracks into a single track
template. See also Chapter 3.
6.26
ReaEffects User Guide Supplement
You will find many examples in this User Guide of the use of various COCKOS effects, especially in Chapter 15.
In addition, a free PDF Reaper COCKOS Effects Summary guide can be downloaded from the following URL:
http://www.cockos.com/~glazfolk/ReaEffectsGuide.pdf
Note that this link is case sensitive.
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