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14
Hardness
SATRAsuppliesauniquerangeofhand-heldandbench-mounted
durometers for measuring the hardness of rubber and plastic
materials. Manufactured at our own n headquarters, , the e range of
durometershasa patentedinterchangeablemodule allowing the
completerangeofShorehardnessscalestobemeasuredonone
instrument.Eachmodulesuppliedwiththeinstrumentiscalibratedto
theinstrumenthead,makingthecompletedeviceidealforchecking
incoming material hardness either r on n site e or r at the supplierʼs
premises.
Arangeofoperatingstandsandcontrolsystemsareavailable to
support the durometer r range. These improve e repeatability y and
accuracyofthehardnessmeasurement.
Therangeisavailableineitherdigitaloranalogueversions.
Forconveniencewehaveidentifiedthemostpopularrangesand
giventhemaSATRAreference.Wherethisdoesnotmeetyourexact
requirementsyoucanordertheitemsseparately,suchasadigital
headwithAscalemodule.
Choosingthe right durometerscouldnʼt be easier:Ourpatented
interchangeable module systemmakesthisinstrument the ideal
choiceforyou.
Step1:Selectdigitaloranalogueinstrumenthead.
Step2:Specifywithorwithoutmaximumpointerforananalogue
instrument.
Step3:Selectoneormoremodulestosuityourrequirements.These
willbecalibratedtosuitthechoseninstrumenthead.
DIGITALDUROMETERS
STD226–Adigitaldurometerwithinterchangeablemoduleswhich
canbechosenfromtheselectionbelow.Choiceofmodule(s)will
dependuponthetype(softness)ofmaterialbeingtested.
Features:
Resolution–halfofonedegreeShorehardnessscale
Easytouse–handheld
Sturdy,accurateandreliable
HasaBCDoutputfacility
Uses1xSR44flatbattery
Multiplemoduleswiththesameinstrumenthead
Shirtpocketsizeforeasycarrying
Dimensions–135mmx38mmx23mm
Weight–220g
Suppliedinconvenientstorage/protectivecase
MODULES
ShoreAScale SATRATM205 ASTMD2240 ISO7619&868
ShoreBScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreCScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreDScale
ASTMD2240 ISO7619&868
ShoreDOScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreOScale
ASTMD2240
ANALOGUEDUROMETERS
STD 227 –An analogue durometerswith a choice of maximum
pointerandinterchangeablemoduleswhichcanbechosenfromthe
selection below.Choice of module(s)will depend uponthe type
(softness)ofmaterialbeingtested.
Durometers
Features:
Resolution–onedegreeShorehardnessscale
Suppliedcompletewithtolerancesettings
Optionalmaximumhand
Optionalstandforimprovedrepeatability
Dimensions–150x65x25mm
Weight–300g
Multiplemoduleswiththesameinstrumenthead
MODULES
ShoreAScale SATRATM205 ASTMD2240 ISO7619&868
ShoreBScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreCScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreDScale
ASTMD2240 ISO7619&868
ShoreDOScale
ASTMD2240
ShoreOScale
ASTMD2240
Each durometer sold comes s with h its own calibration n certificate
pertaining to the e relevant module. SATRA also undertakes a
recalibrationprogramme,whereinstrumentsarereturnedtous.For
furtherdetailscontacttest.equipment@satra.co.uk
34
15
Theheatresistancetesterisidealforassessingtheeffectsofheatonoutsoleanduppermaterials.
Heatisappliedtothesampleviaaheatedsquarepadmanufacturedincopper.
Whentestingrubberandpolymetricoutsolesinaccordancewiththestandard,thematerialshould
not meltand no cracks should develop p when n the e tested d outsole e is bentaround d the mandrel
supplied.In the same wayleatheroutsolesshould not develop cracksorcharring when bent
aroundthesamemandrel.
Theheatedcopperpadisofconstantmassandincorporatesatemperatureindicator.Anadditional
weight fixed d to o the moving armensuresthat the same pressure is s applied d to all test pieces.
Provisionisalsomadeforholdingthecopperpadabovethetestpiecesbetweentests.
STM455Heatresistancetester
Heatresistance
STD228SATRASensor
Humidity
TheSATRASensorisaself-containedminiaturesensingsystemforremotemonitoringofair
temperatureandhumidity.Itisdesignedtomonitorin-factoryprocessingconditions,forexample
cement drying or heat setting tunnels s in footwear manufacturing. It will also monitor
environmentalconditionsencounteredbyproductsduringstorageortransit,forexamplein
seabornecontainers.
BenefitsofusingSATRASensor:
• Assuresproductqualitythroughmonitoringofcriticalprocessconditionsinvolvingheated
airand/ormoisture
• Monitorsconditionstowhichproductsaresubjectinstorageortransit–importantwhere
leather,textileandtimberproductsareconcerned
• Provideseasytounderstandrecordsofprocess/storageconditionsfortrackingquality
• Robustandtamperproof;itcanbeusedoverandoveragain.
SATRA Sensor incorporates sophisticated re-usable monitoring equipment for recording
temperatureandhumidityoverperiodsrangingfromafewsecondstoseveralmonths.Ithas
nowiresandcanthusbeusedtomonitorconditionsinconveyor-typeprocessesorareaswhere
accessduringthemeasuringperiodisdifficult.Itcanrecordchangesinambienttemperature
orcopewithprocessesupto120°C.ThetemperatureandhumiditydatarecordedontheSATRA
Sensorcanbequicklydownloadedtoacomputeranddisplayedforanalysis,archivingand
printing.Therecordedparameterscanbecalibratedandthetypeofdatarecordedcanbe
selectedtoreflectindividualrequirements.
25
16
Impact
Thisdeviceisusedfordeterminingtheresistanceofheelstosuddenimpactloadsinwear
causedbyabnormalstresses.
STD155hasbeenextensivelyusedforheeldevelopmentandqualitycontrol.
Theheelundertestisheldrigidlyattheseatinafusiblealloyclamp(suppliesavailablefrom
SATRARef:303976)inapositionwhichallowsthefallingpendulum/strikertostriketheheelin
aforwarddirectionapproximatelyperpendiculartothestemand6mmfromthetipoftheheel.
Thecompleteclampisfullyadjustabletoaccommodateanynormalheeldesign.
Thenormalmethodoftestingistosubjecttheheelstemtosuccessiveimpactsstartingat0.5
joulesandinincrementstoamaximumof19joules.
STD155Heelimpacttester
STM156Heelfatiguetester
Somehighheelsarepronetofatigueundertherepeatedsmalldeformationsproducedbyeachstep
inwalking.Thismachineisdesignedtocheckthefatigueresistanceofsuchheelsbysubjectingthem
tocontinuoussmallimpactswhichproducesimilardeformationstothoseofwear.Itisnowawell
establishedandvaluabletest.
Theheelisheldrigidattheseatinafusiblealloyinoneofthreespecialholdersprovided.Amelting
potSTM156MPisrequiredtomeltthefusiblealloypriortopouringthealloyaroundtheheelseat.
Adjustmentsareprovidedsothattheheel,whateveritssizeorshape,canbesettoreceiveforward
impactsatthebackofthestem,6mmfromthetipandperpendiculartothestemdirection.
Thestandardimpactsof0.68joulesaredeliveredatonesecondintervalsbyastrikerattachedtoa
freefallingpendulum.Thisisliftedmechanicallybetweeneachdropandautomaticallycaughtonthe
rebound.Whentheheelbreaks,themachineswitchesoffautomaticallyandacounterindicatesthe
numberofblowstocausefailure.
24
Thisequipmentcanbeusedforavarietyofimpact(drop)testswith
theappropriateanvilsandstrikers.Itisidealfortestingtosafety
footwearstandardsandmeetsthefullrequirementsofthe latest
revisionstoanumberofstandards.
ThismachinefromSATRAʼsextensiverangereplacesSTD409and
incorporates many features not found on n that t model, including
motorisedliftofthestrikermechanismwhichmovesautomaticallyto
apre-setheightandincludesaspeedsensorthatwilldetermineifthe
correctimpactenergyhasbeenachieved.
Aslidemechanismensuresminimumfrictionallossesanditalso
incorporatesabeltdrivesystemtoprovidethestrikerdropheight
position.Theguardingprovidescompleteoperatorsafetywhilegiving
fullaccesstotheanvilareaforeaseofsettingupeachtest.Ananti-
bouncedevicepreventsadoubleimpactstrikeonthefootwearunder
test.
Themachineissuppliedasstandardwithalltheanvilsandstrikers
required.
Theimpacttestrigismountedonasecondarysteelblockweighing
approximately one tonne. . This s block can be provided with the
machineatadditionalcostoradrawingcanbeprovidedforlocal
supplyormanufacture.
STM609Safetyfootwearimpacttester
Impact
17
41
18
Insulation
This machine is designed to assess the insulation properties of f footwear r against cold
temperatures.Theequipmentformspartofasuiterequiredbythesafetyfootwearstandard,but
canalsobeusedforanyapplicationwherefootwearneedstowithstandcoldtemperatures.
Theequipmentcomprisesafreezercabinetcapableofachieving-20°C(subjecttoambient
temperatures),ameasuringprobetomeasuretheinternaltemperatureofthefootwearand
steelballsusedtofillthefootwearundertest.Thefootwearisplacedinthefreezercabinet,
usingthejacktableprovided,sothattheopenpartofthefootwearprotrudesthroughthe
openingintheinnerlid.Theprobeisplacedontheinsole.Temperatureoftheinsoleisshown
onanLCDdisplaylocatedonthecontrolcabinet.Adigitaltemperaturecontrollerwithabuilt-in
displayaccuratelycontrolsthefreezertemperatureandthedifferencebetweenthefreezer
temperatureandinsoletemperaturedeterminestheamountofthermalinsulation.
STM472Coldinsulationtester
Thisbath isdesigned toassessthe heatinsulatingpropertiesthroughthesolesofsafety
footwear.Theapparatusconsistsofathermostatically-controlledhotplatecoveredwithsand.
Thefootwearisplacedonthehotplatesothatthesandcoversthefeatherline.Aseparate
temperatureprobe,connectedtoadigitalreadoutviaaplugandsocketarrangement,isplaced
insidethefootweartomeasurethetemperatureriseoveraspecifiedtime.
Thesandbathincorporatesanilluminatedpoweron/offswitchandatemperaturecontroller.
Thedigitaldisplayfortheseparatetemperaturesensingprobeisalsolocatedonthecontrol
panel.Theseparatetemperatureprobeissuppliedwiththeequipment,alongwithasufficient
quantityofsteelballswhicharepackedinsidethefootwearduringthetest.
Afittedmeshguardprotectstheoperatorfromtheheatsourceduringtesting.
STM471Heatedsandbath
Lastometers
Thetwo-dimensionalstretchoffootwearmaterialscanbetestedfasterandmoreaccurately
usingSATRAʼsdigitallastometer.Specimenscutfromthematerialareplacedinthemachine
inaccordancewiththeinstructionsandtheresultsaredisplayedonthemachineLCDpaneland
alsoontheprintprovidedattheendofthetest.Designedtomeasurethetendencyofanupper
materialtocrackorburstduringthelastingprocess,thislastometerincorporatesaseriesof
featuresnotavailableonothermodelsandisidealformultipletestscarriedoutintodayʼs
modernlaboratory:
• Anelectronicmenu-drivensystemdisplayingcontinuouslyupdatingtestinformationonan
LCDpanel
• LoadanddistensiondatamaybedownloadedviaaUSBoutput
• Testsseveralsamplesandcalculatesanaverageload,distensionandstandarddeviation.
Thedigitallastometercanbesettoprovideloadresultsin kilogrammesornewtonswhile
distensionisdisplayedinmillimetres.Anoptionalgraphofthetestisalsoavailable.STM463
allowsmultipletestingofbatchesof3,4,6,8or10samplesorsingletestpieces.
STM463Digitallastometer
41
19
Lastometers
SimplifiedformoftheSTD104.Thisdevice,intendedforuseasasimplepass/failgauge,can
be used in an incoming goodsarea fortesting leatherhidesorsheetmaterials. Used in
conjunctionwiththenormallaboratorytests,thiscanprovideavaluablequalitycontrolcheck,
rejecting unsuitable e materialsbefore theyenterthe manufacturing cycle. The test is s not
destructive.
Theinstantlastometerispneumaticallyoperatedviaapushbuttonmountedontheframeand
theusercanselectoneofthreepresetdistensionsof6,7or8mm.Whenoperated,thedevice
clampsthematerialandpushestheball-endedrodintothespecimen.Ifthesurfaceofthe
materialcracksortears,thematerialisunlikelytobesuitableforlasting.Thechosenpre-set
distensionvalueshouldbeestablishedbycarryingoutfulllaboratorytests.
Afilteredandlubricatedairsupplyisrecommendedforinstantlastometerstopreventdamage
totheinternalmechanisms.
STD190Instantlastometer
SimplifiedformoftheSTD104.Thisversionprovidesexactlythesamebenefitsandresultsas
itspartnerSTD190.TheSTD190Lhastheaddedbenefitofanextendedthroat,allowingtests
tobecarriedoutanywhereontheincomingmaterial.
Thedevice,intendedasabenchtopunit,isprovidedwithafoot-operatedtreadletocarryout
tests,leavingbothhandsfreetomovethematerialbeingtested.
STD190LInstantlastometer(extendedthroat)
Thismachineisasimplermanualformofthedigitallastometerandisamechanicaldevice.
Specimenscutfromthematerialareplacedinthemachineinaccordancewiththeinstructions
provided.Theball-endedrodisraisedbyturningthemachinehandle.Theload,measuredby
asealedhydraulicsystem,isdisplayedonananaloguedialwithmaximumpointer.Amechanical
countergearedtothe movementoftheball-endedrodrecordsdistension.Theequipment
providesallthenecessaryinformationtodeterminethesuitabilityofthespecimenmaterialfor
lasting,butdoesnothaveamotoriseddrive.
STD104Lastometer
Leatheranalysis
Thismachineisusedtoextractwatersolublematerialsfromleatherbythemethodofanalysis
specifiedinmanynationalandinternationalstandards.
Theleathermustfirstbegroundusingasuitablegrindingmill(availablefromSATRA)andthen
shakenwithwaterinavacuumflasktoextractthesolublematter(usingtheshakingmachine
STM145).Theuseofvacuumflaskskeepstheliquidatthespecifiedtemperatureduringthe
extractionprocess.Themachineaccommodateseightflasks(suppliedwiththemachine)and
rotatesthemat50rpminanover-tumblingaction.
The samemachine canbe usedto determine the pH (acidity)levelsin leatherforwhich
additionalequipmentisrequired.LeatherpHlevelsrequiretheuseofasmallplasticflaskand
anadaptortoenabletheflasktobeusedinconjunctionwithSTM145(availableonrequest).
STM145Shakingmachineforleatheranalysis
62
Leatherassessment
Ifastripofleatherisslowlyheatedinwaterasuddenshrinkageoccursatatemperaturewhichis
characteristicofthetannage.Generally,thehighertheshrinkagetemperature,thebettertheheat
resistanceoftheleather,someasurementisusefulforjudgingthesuitabilityofleatherfordifferent
footwearmanufacturingprocessesandparticularlyformoulded-onfootwear.
Frequently,theshrinkagetemperatureisabove100°Candhastobedeterminedinwaterunder
pressure. This s is s the special feature of the SATRAapparatus which measures shrinkage
temperaturesupto115°C.
Theapparatusconsistsofaverticalsightglass,connectedbytubestoasmallerboilerwhichcan
beheatedbyabunsenburner(notsupplied),soprovidingaconvectioncircuitofheatedwater.
Astripofleatherandathermometeraresuspendedinthesightglass,theupperendoftheleather
isfixedandthepositionofthelowerendisindicatedbyanadjustablemarkeroutsidethetubeto
helpjudgewhenshrinkageoccurs.
Asafetyvalveisfitted tothe apparatuswhichlimitsthepressure tothatcorresponding toa
temperatureof120°C.
Aperspexguardisprovidedaroundthesighttubeasasafetyprecaution.
STD114Apparatusforleathershrinkage
temperaturedetermination
Thisismainlyusedtoassessthetendencyofuppermaterialstoformpleatsorwrinkleswhere
ʻshorteningʼoccursduringthelastingoperation,especiallyaroundthetoeandseatareas.Itis
particularlyusefulfortestingsyntheticuppermaterialswhicharepronetothisproblem.
Astripofuppermaterialisheldbetweentwoclamps.Theyarebroughttogetherbyapre-
determinedamounttocorrespondtotheshortening.Aperspexbaristhenpresseddownand
the material can bechecked forfoldsorwrinkles.Thedegreeof shortening isincreased
progressivelyuntilunacceptablewrinklesoccur.
STD119Wrinkleometer
20
Lightcabinet
Used for the e visual l assessment of f colour under standardised conditions, this cabinet is
recognisedasanindustrystandard.Itfeaturesmembraneswitchingandelectronicballast
controlofthelamps.Combinationsof26mmor38mmlampscanbeinstalled.Thecabinet
accommodatesuptofourdifferentlightsources.Thiscabinetmeetsavarietyofstandardsand
includesafixed45°specimentableandhourmeterasstandard.Specifylampcombinations
fromthetablebelowwhenorderingorastandardlampcombinationwillbesupplied.
Standardlamps(Colourtemperatureapprox.):
D65
Artificialdaylight(1Level)
6500°K
D652 Artificialdaylight(2Levels)
6500°K
N
Pointofsalelighting(naturallamp) 4000°K
TL84 Pointofsalelighting
4000°K
TL83 Pointofsalelighting
3000°K
F
Filament(domestic)lighting
2300to28000°K
UVB
Ultra-violet
HM
Hourcounter.
Standard lamp combinations: D652FUVB/HM
D65NFUVB/HM
D65STL84UVB/HM
D65TL83UVB/HM D65TL84FTL83/HM D65UVBFUVB/HM D65TL83FTL84/HM
N.B: Asecondlevelofdaylightisrecommendedforcoloursoflowreflectance.Filamentlighting
isrequiredasatestformetamerism.Theultra-violetlampisusedtorevealthepresenceof
fluorescentdyesand bleaches.Alternativefluorescentlampscanbeincorporateduptoa
maximumofthree.
STM500VeriVidecolourassessment
40
21
Thisisa16-stationversionoftheSATRAvampflexer.Thestationsarelocatedinsidethefreezer
areatoallowsimpleloadingoftestspecimensandeasy/frequentinspectionswithouthavingto
stopthemachine.
ThisisaSATRApreferredtestasitreplicatesthecreasesformedintheupper(vamp)during
walkingandgivesamorerealisticindicationofprematurefailureofthematerialsimilartothat
experiencedinnormalwear.
ForfurtherdetailsaboutthistestrefertomodelSTM601-12(page12).
STM101FSATRAvampflexer
ThisisanalternativelowtemperaturetesttotheSATRAvampflex,frequentlyreferredtoasthe
Ballyflextest,andismentionedinsomeinternationalstandards.Itismoreseverethanthe
vampflextestandfailureisusuallyindicatedmorequickly,howeversometypesoffailureare
notrevealedbythetest.
TheSTM408Fisaneight-stationversionandisbuiltintothelowtemperaturecabinetreferred
toabove.
ForfurtherdetailsaboutthistestrefertomodelSTM701(page12).
STM408FBallyvampflexer
ThismachineisthesameastheSTM408Fbuthas12stations.Itisnormallyspecifiedwhen
ahighervolumeoftestingisdemanded.
SeeSTM701(page12).
STM477FBallyvampflexer(12station)
ThislowtemperatureversionoftheRossflextestisbuiltintothelowtemperaturecabinet
describedabove.Itisusedfortheflextestingofsoleunitsamplestoassesstheeffectofflexing
under low w temperature conditions. It has s 12 stations for small samples but can n also
accommodatelargersamplesbyadjustingthemechanism.
ForfurtherdetailsaboutthistestrefertoSTM141(page11).
STM141FRossflexer
STM612FSATRA/Batabeltsoleflexingmachine
(seepage11)
STM465FSATRAWholesoleflexingmachine
(seepage12)
Lowtemperaturetesting
Flexingtestsaresometimesrequiredtobecarriedoutatlowtemperatures.Thisdeterminesthesuitabilityofmaterialsbeingtestedtoflex
attemperaturesbelow0°C.SATRAprovidesarangeofthesemachinesandusesalowtemperaturecabinetspecificallydesignedtosuit
thetest.
TheSATRAlowtemperaturecabinetensuresmaximumoperatorsafetybyhavingtheelectricalcontrolanddrivesystemsoutsidethefreezer
areawheremoisturecannotimpairelectricalsafety.Thecontrolsystemincorporatesadigitaltemperaturecontrollerwhichcanbesetto
achievethedesiredtemperaturefromambientdownto-20°C,plusacountertoindicatethenumberofflexescarriedout.Thecountercan
bepresettostopthedrivemechanismwhencompleted.
Lowtemperaturetesting
34
Moisturemanagement
STM567SATRAEndofoot
Thismachinehasbeendevelopedtoassessthethermaland
sweat management t performance of f complete e footwear by
measuring thermal insulation, moisture absorption and
breathabilityproperties,testedinconjunctionwithhose.
Thetesttakesintoconsiderationtheeffectofthesole,upper
andlining,inadditiontofeaturessuchasseamsanddifferent
typesofhosiery.
The SATRA Endofoot t can n be utilised to help set t comfort
benchmarks and can be used for comparative testing of
footwearcomponents,forexample,toassessexperimental
materials.
DatafromtheSATRAEndofootequipmentcanbeusedto
monitorandimprovesweatmanagementandthermalproperties
inall typesoffootwear–sports,performance,outdoorand
industrial,aswellaseverydaydressshoes.
InoperationtheSATRAEndofootusesamouldedfootform
whichincorporateselectricalheatingelementsandwatersupply
pipesthatdistributeʻsweatʼ(water)tothesurfaceofthefoot.
Thefootisfirstfittedwithastandardreferencesockandthenthe
testfootwear.Afterawarming-upperiodtoreachequilibrium,a
realistic warm and humid environment is created which
replicatesthattobefoundinsidearealshoeinwear.
Thedressedfootisthensubjectedtoacalibratedflowofairover
itssurfacetoreplicatemovementthroughtheairwhenwalking,
(whichhelpstodissipateanymoisturetransmittedtothesurface
oftheshoe).
Inadditiontomoisturemanagementtests,thetestequipment
canbeusedtoconductacoldratingtesttodeterminethe
thermalproperties(insulation)offootwear.Footwearcomfortcan
thenbeassessedagainstguidelinesforanexternaltemperature
andactivitieslevel.
22
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