122
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 1949–1966:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral
Industry Surveys, “Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constant value of 4.011
million Btu per barrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually
by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for
all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see Table A1)
weighted by the quantities consumed. The component
products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane (including
ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal butane
(including butylene), butane-propane mixtures, ethane-
propane mixtures, and isobutane. For 1967–1980, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports, “Petroleum
Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities
consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table
2.
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conver-
sion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by
the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Blending Components. • 1949–2006:
EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel”
as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corpora-
tion in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in Ameri-
can Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and
projected statistics. • 2007 forward: EIA adopted the
thermal conversion factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel
(124,340 Btu per gallon) for gasoline blendstock from U.S.
Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use
in
Transportation
Model”
(GREET),
version
GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Motor Gasoline Exports. • 1949–2005: EIA adopted the
Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million
Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by
the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statis-
tics. • 2006 forward: Calculated by EIA as the annual
quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors for
gasoline blendstock and the methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) blended into motor gasoline exports. The factor
for gasoline blendstock is 5.253 million Btu per barrel in
2006 and 5.222 million Btu per barrel beginning in 2007
(see Motor Gasoline Blending Components). For MTBE,
EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million
Btu per barrel (101,130 Btu per gallon) from U.S.
Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use
in
Transportation
Model”
(GREET),
version
GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Motor Gasoline (Finished) Consumption. • 1949–1992:
EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor
of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel”
as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corpora-
tion in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in Ameri-
can Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and
projected statistics. • 1993–2006: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors
for gasoline blendstock and the oxygenates blended into
motor gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.253
million Btu per barrel (the motor gasoline factor used for
previous years). The factors for fuel ethanol are shown in
Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol, Denatured). The following
factors for other oxygenates are from U.S. Department of
Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse
Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transporta-
tion Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2013, October
2013—methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE): 4.247 million
Btu per barrel (101,130 Btu per gallon); tertiary amyl
methyl ether (TAME): 4.560 million Btu per barrel
(108,570 Btu per gallon); ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE):
4.390 million Btu per barrel (104,530 Btu per gallon);
methanol: 2.738 million Btu per barrel (65,200 Btu per
gallon); and butanol: 4.555 million Btu per barrel (108,458
Btu per gallon). • 2007 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the conversion factors
for gasoline blendstock and fuel ethanol blended into motor
gasoline. The factor for gasoline blendstock is 5.222
million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per gallon), which is
from the GREET model (see above). The factors for fuel
ethanol are shown in Table A3 (see Fuel Ethanol,
Denatured).
Motor Gasoline Imports. • 1949–2006: EIA adopted the
Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253 million
Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by
the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix V
of Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets
1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statis-
tics. • 2007 forward: EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 5.222 million Btu per barrel (124,340 Btu per
gallon) for gasoline blendstock from U.S. Department of
Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse
Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transporta-
tion Model” (GREET), version GREET1_2013, October
2013.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted
by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the
194
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2016
107
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum State-
ment, Annual, 1956.
Normal Butane/Butylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326 million Btu per
barrel as published in the California Oil World and Petro-
leum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Other Hydrocarbons. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825
million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion
factor for Unfinished Oils.
Oxygenates (Excluding Fuel Ethanol). EIA adopted the
thermal conversion factor of 4.247 million Btu per barrel
(101,130 Btu per gallon) for methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated
Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model”
(GREET), version GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Pentanes Plus. Assumed by EIA to be 4.620 million Btu
per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
Natural Gasoline.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha Less Than 401
Degrees Fahrenheit. Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils Equal to or
Greater Than 401 Degrees Fahrenheit. Assumed by EIA
to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to
be 6.000 million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal
conversion factor for Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke, Catalyst. Assumed by EIA to be 6.287
million Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion
factor for Residual Fuel Oil.
.
Petroleum Coke, Marketable. EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 5.719 million Btu per barrel, calcu-
lated by dividing 28,595,925 Btu per short ton for petro-
leum coke (from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated
Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model”
(GREET), version GREET1_October 2013) by 5.0 barrels
per short ton (as given in the Bureau of Mines Form
6-1300-M and successor EIA forms).
Petroleum Coke, Total. • 1949–2003: EIA adopted the
thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as
reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines inter-
nal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average
Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,
1950.” The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by divid-
ing 30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refer-
enced Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels
per short ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines Form
6-1300-M and successor EIA forms. • 2004 forward:
Calculated by EIA as the annual quantity-weighted average
of the conversion factors for Petroleum Coke, Catalyst
(6.287 million Btu per barrel) and Petroleum Coke,
Marketable (5.719 million Btu per barrel).
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calcu-
lated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed
by the commercial sector weighted by the estimated
quantities consumed by the commercial sector. The
quantities of petroleum products consumed by the
commercial sector are estimated in the State
Energy Data
System—see documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calcu-
lated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conver-
sion factors for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and resid-
ual fuel oil consumed by the electric power sector weighted
by the quantities consumed by the electric power sector.
Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations
Report,” and predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the indus-
trial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data System—see documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residen-
tial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the residential sector are estimated
in the State Energy Data System—see documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by
EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities
consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calcu-
lated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conver-
sion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see
documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2016
195
102
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities
exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities
imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per
barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consult-
ants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane/Propylene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 3.836 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Indus-
try, First Issue, April 1942.
Renewable Fuels Except Fuel Ethanol. For “Biomass-
Based Diesel Fuel” and “Other Renewable Fuels,” EIA
assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.359 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
Biodiesel. For “Other Renewable Diesel Fuel,” EIA
adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.494 million Btu
per barrel (130,817 Btu per gallon) for renewable diesel II
(UOP-HDO) from U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne
National Laboratory, “The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated
Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model”
(GREET), version GREET1_2013, October 2013.
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.”
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which
was assumed to be equal to that of Asphalt and was first
published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum State-
ment, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,
which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline
(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated
thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,
first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil
and each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petro-
leum Products Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type
of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by
the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petro-
leum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion
factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for
Distillate Fuel Oil and first published it in EIA’s Annual
Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conver-
sion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to
that for Plant Condensate and first published it in EIA’s
Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau
of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels
Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for
biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu
per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the
production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to
the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds
of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of
biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed
to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel
published in “Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels,” a
paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemi-
cal Company at the National Conference on Reformulated
Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,
D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). • 1981–2008: EIA used the
2009 factor. • 2009 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conver-
sion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu
per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620
million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
and motor gasoline blending components used as denatur-
ant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanol
consumed is from EIA’s Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA)
and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Table 1, data for
renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus used as
denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for renewable
fuels and oxygenate plant net production of pentanes plus,
multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as
196
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2016
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