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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

Strategies to Test the Network Connectivity of the Appliance

To confirm that the appliance is active on the network and able to send email:

Step 1

Connect to the system and log in as the administrator. After successfully logging

in, the following messages are displayed:

Step 2

Use the

status

status detail

commands.

The

status

command returns a subset of the monitored information about

email operations. The statistics returned are grouped into two categories:

counters and gauges. For complete monitoring information about email

operations including rates, use the

status detail

command. Counters

provide a running total of various events in the system. For each counter, you

can view the total number of events that have occurred since the counter was

reset, since the last system reboot, and over the system's lifetime. (For more

information, see Monitoring Via the CLI, page 6-10.)

Step 3

Use the

mailconfig

command to send mail to a known working address.

Last login: day month date hh:mm:ss from IP address

AsyncOS x.x for Cisco IronPort

Welcome to the Cisco IronPort Messaging Gateway Appliance(tm)

mail3.example.com> status

mail3.example.com> status detail

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

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The

mailconfig

command generates a human-readable file including all

configuration settings available to the appliance. Attempt to send the file from

the appliance to a known working email address to confirm that the appliance

is able to send email over the network.

Troubleshooting

After you have confirmed that the appliance is active on the network, use the

following commands to pinpoint any network problems.

•

You can use the

netstat

command to display network connections (both

incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface

statistics, including the following information:

– List of active sockets

– State of network interfaces

– Contents of routing tables

mail3.example.com> mailconfig

Please enter the email address to which you want to send the

configuration file.

Separate multiple addresses with commas.

[]> user@example.com

Do you want to include passwords? Please be aware that a configuration

without passwords will fail when reloaded with loadconfig. [N]> y

The configuration file has been sent to user@example.com.

mail3.example.com>

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

– Size of the listen queues

– Packet traffic information

•

You can use the

diagnostic -> network -> flush

command to flush all

network related caches.

•

You can use the

diagnostic -> network -> arpshow

command to show the

system ARP cache.

•

You can use the

packetcapture

command to intercept and display TCP/IP

and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the

computer is attached.

To use

packetcapture

, set the network interface and the filter. The filter uses

the same format the UNIX

tcpdump

command. Use

start

to begin the packet

capture and

stop

to end it. After stopping the capture, you need to use SCP

or FTP to download the files from the

/pub/captures

directory. For more

information, see Packet Capture, page 8-11.

•

Use the

ping

command to a known working host to confirm that the appliance

has an active connection on the network and is able to reach specific segments

of your network.

The

ping

command allows you to test connectivity to a network host from the

appliance.

mail3.example.com> ping

Which interface do you want to send the pings from?

1. Auto

2. Management (192.168.42.42/24: mail3.example.com)

3. PrivateNet (192.168.1.1/24: mail3.example.com)

4. PublicNet (192.168.2.1/24: mail3.example.com)

[1]> 1

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

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Note

You must use Control-C to end the

ping

command.

•

Use the

traceroute

command to test connectivity to a network host from the

appliance and debug routing issues with network hops.

Please enter the host you wish to ping.

[]> anotherhost.example.com

Press Ctrl-C to stop.

PING anotherhost.example.com (x.x.x.x): 56 data bytes

64 bytes from 10.19.0.31: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.133 ms

64 bytes from 10.19.0.31: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.115 ms

--- anotherhost.example.com ping statistics ---

11 packets transmitted, 11 packets received, 0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.115/0.242/1.421/0.373 ms

mail3.example.com> traceroute

Which interface do you want to trace from?

1. Auto

2. Management (192.168.42.42/24: mail3.example.com)

3. PrivateNet (192.168.1.1/24: mail3.example.com)

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

•

Use the

diagnostic -> network -> smtpping

command to test a remote

SMTP server.

•

Use the

nslookup

command to check the DNS functionality.

The

nslookup

command can confirm that the appliance is able to reach and

resolve hostnames and IP addresses from a working DNS (domain name

service) server.

4. PublicNet (192.168.2.1/24: mail3.example.com)

[1]> 1

Please enter the host to which you want to trace the route.

[]> 10.1.1.1

Press Ctrl-C to stop.

traceroute to 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1), 64 hops max, 44 byte packets

1 gateway (192.168.0.1) 0.202 ms 0.173 ms 0.161 ms

2 hostname (10.1.1.1) 0.298 ms 0.302 ms 0.291 ms

mail3.example.com>

mail3.example.com> nslookup

Please enter the host or IP to resolve.

[]> example.com

Choose the query type:

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

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Table 9-3

Checking DNS Functionality: Query Types

1. A

2. CNAME

3. MX

4. NS

5. PTR

6. SOA

7. TXT

[1]>

A=192.0.34.166 TTL=2d

Query

Type

Description

the host's Internet address

CNAME

the canonical name for an alias

the mail exchanger

the name server for the named zone

PTR

the hostname if the query is an Internet address, otherwise the

pointer to other information

SOA

the domain's “start-of-authority” information

TXT

the text information

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

•

Use the

tophosts

command via the CLI or the GUI, and sort by Active

Recipients.

The

tophosts

command returns a list of the top 20 recipient hosts in queue.

This command can help you determine if network connectivity problems are

isolated to a single host or group of hosts to which you are attempting to send

email. (For more information, see “Determining the Make-up of the Mail

Queue” on page 49.)

mail3.example.com> tophosts

Sort results by:

1. Active Recipients

2. Connections Out

3. Delivered Recipients

4. Soft Bounced Events

5. Hard Bounced Recipients

[1]> 1

Status as of: Mon Nov 18 22:22:23 2003

ActiveConn.Deliv.SoftHard

# Recipient HostRecipOutRecip.BouncedBounced

1 aol.com36510255218

2 hotmail.com29071982813

3 yahoo.com13461231119

4 excite.com9838494

Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Network

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•

“Drill-down” to use the

hoststatus

command on the top domains listed from

the

tophosts

command results.

The

hoststatus

command returns monitoring information about email

operations relating to a specific recipient host. DNS information stored in the

AsyncOS cache and the last error returned from the recipient host are also

given. Data returned is cumulative since the last

resetcounters

command.

(For more information, see Monitoring the Status of a Mail Host, page 6-18.)

Using the

hoststatus

command on the top domains can isolate the

performance issues with DNS resolution to the either the appliance or the

internet. For example, if the

hoststatus

command for the top active recipient

host shows many pending outbound connections, then try to determine if that

particular host is down or unreachable, or if the appliance cannot connect to

all or the majority of hosts.

•

Check firewall permissions.

The appliance may need all of the following ports to be opened in order to

function properly: ports 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 123, 443, and 628. (See

Appendix C, “Firewall Information,” in the Cisco IronPort AsyncOS for

Email Configuration Guide for more information.)

•

Send email from the appliance on your network to

dnscheck@ironport.com

Send an email from within your network to

dnscheck@ironport.com

perform basic DNS checks on your system. And auto-responder email will

respond with the results and details of the following four tests:

DNS PTR Record - Does the IP address of the Envelope From match the PTR

record for the domain?

DNS A Record - Does the PTR record for the domain match the IP address

of the Envelope From?

HELO match - Does the domain listed in the SMTP HELO command match

the DNS hostname in the Envelope From?

Mail server accepting delayed bounce messages - Does the domain listed

in the SMTP HELO command have MX records that resolve IP addresses for

that domain?

5 msn.com8427633 29

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Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Listener

If you suspect problems with injecting email, use the following strategies:

•

Confirm the IP address that you are injecting from, and then use the

listenerconfig

command to check for allowed hosts.

Is the IP address allowed to connect to the listener you have created? Use the

listenerconfig

command to examine the Host Access Table (HAT) for the

listener. Use these commands to print the HAT for a listener:

listenerconfig

edit

-> listener_number ->

hostaccess

The HAT can be configured to refuse connections by IP address, block of IP

addresses, hostname, or domains. For more information, see “Specifying

Hosts that are Allowed to Connect” on page 107.

You can also use the

limits

subcommand to check the maximum number of

connections allowed for a listener:

listenerconfig

edit

-> listener_number ->

limits

•

On the machine that you are injecting from, use Telnet or FTP to manually

connect to the appliance. For example:

You can also use the

telnet

command within the appliance itself to connect

from the listener to the actual appliance:

injection_machine% telnet appliance_name

mail3.example.com> telnet

Please select which interface you want to telnet from.

1. Auto

2. Management (192.168.42.42/24: mail3.example.com)

3. PrivateNet (192.168.1.1/24: mail3.example.com)

4. PublicNet (192.168.2.1/24: mail3.example.com)

Chapter 9 Testing and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting the Listener

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If you cannot connect from one interface to another, you may have issues with

the way in which the appliance’s Management and Data1 and Data2

interfaces are connected to your network. Ensure that the telnet service is

enabled on the target interface if you are attempting to connect using telnet.

See Appendix A, “Accessing the Appliance” for more information. You can

also telnet to port 25 of the listener and enter SMTP commands manually (if

you are familiar with the protocol).

•

Examine the IronPort text mail logs and injection debug logs to check for

receiving errors.

Injection debug logs record the SMTP conversation between the appliance

and a specified host connecting to the system. Injection debug logs are useful

for troubleshooting communication problems between the appliance and a

client initiating a connection from the Internet. The log records all bytes

transmitted between the two systems and classifies them as “Sent to” the

connecting host or “Received from” the connecting host.

For more information, see Using IronPort Text Mail Logs, page 5-14 and

Using IronPort Injection Debug Logs, page 5-34.

[1]> 3

Enter the remote hostname or IP.

[]> 193.168.1.1

Enter the remote port.

[25]> 25

Trying 193.168.1.1...

Connected to 193.168.1.1.

Escape character is '^]'.

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