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You’re becoming quite the pro at XHTML and CSS, so we don’t mind

giving you a little more to play with in these exercises. How about this:

we’d like to spruce this table up even a little more, starting with some text

alignment issues. Let’s say we want the date, temperature, and diner rating

to be center-aligned. And how about right alignment on the altitude and

population? How would you do that?

Here’s a hint: create two classes, one for center-aligned and one for right-

aligned. Then just use the text-align property in each. Finally, add the

appropriate class to the correct <td> elements.

This may sound tough, but take it step by step; you already know everything

you need to finish this one. And, of course, you can find the answer in the

back of the chapter, but give yourself the time to solve it before you peek.

These are all centered.

And these are right aligned.

Sharpen your pencil

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566

Chapter 13

How about some color?

th {

background-color: #cc6600;

}

.cellcolor {

background-color: #fcba7a;

}

You know Tony loves his signature color and there’s no

reason not to add some color to his table; not only will it look

great, but we can actually improve the readability of the

table by adding some color. Just like for any other element,

all you need to do is set the background-color property

on a table cell to change its color (notice how everything

you’ve learned about XHTML and CSS is starting to come

together!). Here’s how you do that:

Add this new rule to your “journal.css” ﬁle and reload.

Here’s what you’ll see:

How about some color in the

table rows?

So far the color is looking pretty nice. So let’s take it to the

next level. A common way to color tables is to give rows an

alternating color, which allows you to more easily see each

row without getting confused about which column goes

with which row. Check it out:

Difﬁcult to do in CSS? Nope. Here’s how you can

do this. First deﬁne a new class; let’s call it “cellcolor”:

Now all you need to do is add this class attribute to each

row you’d like to color. So in this case, you ﬁnd the <tr>

opening tags for Magic City, Last Chance, and Why, and

add class=”cellcolor” to each one.

coloring cells

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Your turn. Add the class “cellcolor” to your CSS in “journal.css”,

and then, in your XHTML, add class=”cellcolor” to each of the <tr>

opening tags needed to make the rows alternating colors. Check

your answers before moving on.

Did we mention that Tony made an

interesting discovery in Truth or

Consequences, New Mexico?

Tess

It’s fair to say Tony found something interesting

about Truth or Consequences, New Mexico; in

fact, he found her so interesting that after going to

Arizona, he turned around and came right back.

We’re glad for Tony, but he’s really given us a

conundrum with the table. While we could just

add a new row for Truth or Consequences, we’d

really like to do it in a more elegant way. What are

we talking about? Turn the page to ﬁnd out.

Exercise

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568

Chapter 13

Another look at Tony’s table

Based on his return trip to New Mexico, Tony’s added a new entry for August 27th,

just below the original Truth or Consequences entry. He’s also reused a couple of

cells where the information didn’t change (a great technique for reducing the amount

of information in a table). You can see that when he added the new row, all he

needed to do was list the things that were different the second time around (the date,

the temperature, and that he revisited the diner).

City

Date

Temp

Altitude

Population

Diner

Rating

Walla Walla, WA

June 15th

75º

1,204 ft

29,686

4/5

Magic City, ID

June 25th

74º

5,312 ft

3/5

Bountiful, UT

July 10th

91º

4,226 ft

41,173

4/5

Last Chance, CO

July 23rd

102º

4,780 ft

265

3/5

Truth or

Consequences,

August 9th

August 27th

93º

98º

4,242 ft

7,289

5/5

4/5

Why, AZ

August 18th

104º

860 ft

480

3/5

Here are both

Tony’s visits

to Truth or

Consequences.

City

Date

Temperature Altitude Population Diner Rating

Walla Walla, WA

June 15 75 1,204 ft 29, 686 4/5

Magic City, ID June 25 74 5,312 ft 50 3/5

Bountiful, UT July 10 91 4,226 ft 41, 173 4/5

Last Chance, CO July 23 102 4,780 ft 265 3/5

August 9 93

5/5

August 27 98

4/5

Why, AZ August 18 104 860 ft 480 3/5

Truth or

4,242 ft 7, 289

Consequences, NM

But where does this leave you with XHTML? It seems like you’d have to add a

entirely new row and just duplicate the city, altitude and population, right? Well, not

so fast. We have the technology... using XHTML tables, you can have cells span

more than one row (or more than one column). Let’s see how this works...

These table data cells

span TWO rows now.

using table spans

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How to tell cells to span more than one row

What does it mean for a cell to span more than one row? Let’s look at the entries

for Truth or Consequences, NM in Tony’s table again. The data cells for city,

altitude, and population span two rows, not one, while the date, temp, and diner

rating span one row, which is the normal, default behavior for data cells.

<tr>

<td rowspan=”2”>Truth or Consequences, NM</td>

<td class=”center”>August 9th</td>

<td

rowspan=”2” class=”right”>4,242 ft</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class=”center”>August 27th</td>

</tr>

City

Date

Temp

Altitude

Population

Diner

Rating

Walla Walla, WA

June 15th

75º

1,204 ft

29,686

4/5

Magic City, ID

June 25th

74º

5,312 ft

3/5

Bountiful, UT

July 10th

91º

4,226 ft

41,173

4/5

Last Chance, CO

July 23rd

102º

4,780 ft

265

3/5

Truth or

Consequences,

August 9th

August 27th

93º

98º

4,242 ft

7,289

5/5

4/5

Why, AZ

August 18th

104º

860 ft

480

3/5

These cells span two rows.

While the date, temp,

and diner rating cells

take up just one.

So, how do you do that in XHTML? It’s easier than you might think: you use the

rowspan attribute to specify how many rows a table data cell should take up, and

then remove the corresponding table data elements from the other rows that the cell

spans over. Have a look – it’s easier to see than describe:

Here are the two table

rows that have the New

Mexico data.

For the data cells that don’t

change on the second visit (city,

altitude, and population) we add

a rowspan attribute indicating

the table data spans two rows.

Then in the second row we

specify just the columns we need

(date, temp, and a new rating).

The city is not

needed because

of the rowspan.

Same with

altitude and

population.

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570

Chapter 13

City

Date

Temp

Altitude

Population

Diner

Rating

Walla Walla, WA

June 15th

75º

1,204 ft

29,686

4/5

Magic City, ID

June 25th

74º

5,312 ft

3/5

Bountiful, UT

July 10th

91º

4,226 ft

41,173

4/5

Last Chance, CO

July 23rd

102º

4,780 ft

265

3/5

Truth or

Consequences,

August 9th

August 27th

93º

98º

4,242 ft

7,289

5/5

4/5

Why, AZ

August 18th

104º

860 ft

480

3/5

Just to make sure you’ve got this down, draw an arrow

from each <td> element to its corresponding cell in the

table. Check your answers before moving on.

<tr>

<td rowspan=”2”>Truth or Consequences, NM</td>

<td class=”center”>August 9th</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class=”center”>August 27th</td>

</tr>

testing your table knowledge

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571

The new and improved table

Make the changes to the table

in “journal.html” and give it a test

run. Take a look at the table. Think

about exactly what you’re doing to

the table: you’re using XHTML to

specify that certain cells should take

up more than one row, and to do

that, you’re removing the

<td>

they’re displacing.

Now we’ve got a great-looking

table that doesn’t have any

redundant information in it.

You said you can have table data

span columns too?

You sure can. Just add a colspan

attribute to your <td> element and specify

the number of columns. Unlike the rowspan,

when you span columns, you remove table

data elements that are in the

same

row

(since you are spanning columns, not rows).

Can I have a colspan and

rowspan in the same <td>?

You sure can. Just make sure

you adjust the other <td>s in the table to

account for both the row and column spans.

In other words, you’ll need to remove the

corresponding number of <td>s from the

same row,

and

from the column.

Do you really think these

rowspans look better?

Well they certainly reduce the

amount of information in the table, which is

usually a good thing. And, if you look at a

few tables out there in the real world you’ll

ﬁnd that rowspans and colspans are quite

common, so it’s great to be able to do them

in XHTML. But if you liked the table better

before, feel free to change your XHTML and

go back to the previous version.

572

Chapter 13

Four out of ﬁve

stars? I know my diners

and that was a solid ﬁve

star rating! You better

change that in the table.

It looks like we’ve got a disagreement on the diner rating for August

27th, and while we could ask Tony and Tess to come to a consensus, why

should we? We’ve got tables and we should be able to get another rating

in there. But how? We don’t really want to add yet another entry just for

Tess’ review. Hmmm... why don’t we do it like this?

Trouble in paradise?

City

Date

Temp

Altitude

Population

Diner

Rating

Walla Walla, WA

June 15th

75º

1,204 ft

29,686

4/5

Magic City, ID

June 25th

74º

5,312 ft

3/5

Bountiful, UT

July 10th

91º

4,226 ft

41,173

4/5

Last Chance, CO

July 23rd

102º

4,780 ft

265

3/5

Truth or

Consequences,

August 9th

August 27th

93º

98º

4,242 ft

7,289

5/5

Why, AZ

August 18th

104º

860 ft

480

3/5

Tess

5/5

Tony

4/5

Why not put both their ratings

in the table? That way we get

more accurate information.

we need a nested table

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573

<tr>

<td rowspan=”2”>Truth or Consequences, NM</td>

<td class=”center”>August 9th</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td class=”center”>August 27th</td>

<td>

4/5

<table>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

</table>

</td>

</tr>

... and put a table in its place. This table

holds two diner ratings: one for Tess and

one for Tony. We’re using table headings for

their names, and data cells for their ratings.

That’s because it is. But, nested tables in

XHTML are straightforward. All you need

to do is put another

<table>

element

inside a

<td>

. How do you do that? You

create a simple table to represent both

Tony’s and Tess’ ratings together, and when

you have that working, put it inside the

table cell that now holds Tony’s 4/5 rating.

Let’s give it a try...

Hold on... that looks like

a table within a table.

First delete the old rating

that represented Tony’s rating...

574

Chapter 13

Test driving the nested table

Go ahead and type in the new table. Tables are easy to mistype,

so make sure you validate and then reload your page. You

should see the new, nested table.

Wow, looking nice.

Only that background

really is a bit much

for a nested table.

Let’s keep the names

bold, but take off

the background color.

testing and improvements

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