c# convert pdf to image: Convert word document to pdf fillable form SDK application API .net html wpf sharepoint sams_teach_yourself_microsoft_expression_web_4_in_24_hours_2nd

364

HOUR 21:Beyond the Basics,Part 1: PHP in Expression Web 4

Of these, the to,subject, and message variables are mandatory, whereas the

headersand parametersvariables are optional. For the email form you cre-

ate, you use the to,subject,message, and headers variables.

To help you remember the order, IntelliSense displays a ScreenTip with the dif-

ferent sections as you insert them.

7. On a new line, type mail(. This brings up the IntelliSense ScreenTip for the

mail()function (see Figure 21.10).

FIGURE 21.9

By setting the

action

attribute

of the form to a

file, you send

the information

from the form to

that file.

FIGURE 21.10

IntelliSense helps

you keep track of

the many vari-

ables necessary

when using PHP

functions.

8. IntelliSense asks for the names of each of the variables, but you haven’t creat-

ed the variables yet. To keep track of what the different variables are supposed

to contain, type out the function of each variable as its name, and end the

line with a parenthesis and a semicolon. When you’re finished, the line of

code should look like this:

mail($to, $subject, $message, $header, $parameter);

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Creating an Email Form Using PHP

365

The next step is to create new variables that contain either predefined infor-

mation or information received from the form.

9. You need to create a

$tovariable to tell the program where to send the email.

Create a new line above the mail() function and type the variable name $to

followed by your email address, like this:

$to = ‘you@yourdomain.com’;.

When an HTML form is submitted, all the contents are sent using a method

called POST. To capture that content, you need to use a form variable. A form

variable looks like this:

$_POST[];

The original variable name is inserted in single quotation marks between the

two brackets.

10. Create a new line. The

$subjectvariable should contain the choice the visitor

made in the Type of Enquiry field on the form. The name of that field was

inquiryOptions. To insert that content into a variable, you need to create a

formvariable:

$subject = $_POST[‘inquiryOptions’];.

Skip the $message variable for a moment. The $header variable can have sev-

eral different headers, including From, Cc, and Reply-to. In this case, you want

the From header to match the email address of the sender.

11. Create a new line. Set the

$headervariable to receive the content from the

emailAddress form field: $header = $_POST[‘emailAddress’];.

Now all that is missing is the message, or body, of the email. Before you create

the$message variable, you need to learn a few more things about PHP syn-

tax. First, PHP enables you to mix clean text and code as much as you want.

Second, to make a line break in PHP, you need to insert the line break code,

which is a backslash followed by a lowercase n, like this: \n. PHP understands

that this is a line break, even if it is sandwiched between two lines of text or

other code without spaces.

For the emails generated from your website to make as much sense as possi-

ble, it is a good idea to space the content properly. Ideally, you want your

email body to look something like this:

From: Sender Name

Sender e-mail address: sender@senderdomain.com

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366

HOUR 21:Beyond the Basics,Part 1: PHP in Expression Web 4

Regarding: The selection made from the drop-down box.

Message:

Message entered in the box goes here.

12. The

$messagevariable will be somewhat different from the rest of the vari-

ables. Start by creating the variable: $message =”’;.

13. On the first line of the email body, you want the text “From:” followed by the

name of the sender. Place the cursor between the two single quotes and type

From: $fullName\n.

14. On the next line, you want the text “Sender e-mail address:” followed by the

email address. The sender’s email address was stored in the $header variable

in step 11. Directly after the \n, without any space between, type Sender e-

mail address: $header\n.

15. The third line of the email body should read “Regarding:” and have the selec-

tion the visitor made from the drop-down box. This information was stored in

the$subject variable in step 10. Directly after the last piece of code you

inserted, write Regarding: $subject\n\n. Note the double line shift to create a

space between the sender info and the message.

16. You want the actual message to appear below the rest of the content. The text

“Message:” should also appear on its own line. Directly after the last \n, type

Message:\n$thoughts\n.

The entire variable should now read as follows:

$message = “From: $fullName\nSender e-mail address: $header\nRegarding:

$subject\n\nMessage:\n$thoughts\n”;

17. To make the sender’s email address appear in the From field in your email

reader, you need to make a small change to the mail() function: Replace

$headerwith“From: <$header>”.

Watch

Out!

I’m Not Receiving Any Emails from the Form!

If you test the page in your browser and try to send an email to yourself, you

quickly discover that nothing happens. This is because in addition to having PHP

running on your computer, the

email()

function requires a working email server.

To test this functionality, you need to upload the contact.php and

emailProcessor.php files to a server with working email functionality.

18. Because you will not be using the

$parametervariable, remove it from the

mail()function.

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▼

Creating an Email Form Using PHP

367

The final code, as shown in Figure 21.11, generates emails laid out exactly as the

earlier example from the contents of the email form.

FIGURE 21.11

The finished

emailProcessor

.php file as it

appears in Code

view.

Added Functionality

There are still a couple of things to add before the email form is complete. For one,

the visitor has no way to know whether the email was sent. Additionally, the form

currently sends an email even if there is no information entered. You can fix both

these issues by adding some simple PHP code.

Try It Yourself

Create Landing Pages for Success and Failure

As a courtesy to your visitor, you should always tell her whether the email was sent.

You can do so by using “landing pages” that the browser navigates to depending on

whether the email was sent.

To start, create three new HTML pages called success.html, failure.html, and

error.html that have messages telling the visitor whether the email was sent, if it

was not sent, or if something went technically wrong in the sending process. Place

all three files into the Contact folder in your site.

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368

HOUR 21:Beyond the Basics,Part 1: PHP in Expression Web 4

PHP is actually a scripting language you can use to create small programs that

behave according to your input. One of the many things you can do with PHP is

define a set of conditions that have to be met for some specific action to occur and

also say what happens if the conditions are not met.

1. If the email is sent successfully, you want the browser to be redirected to the

success.html page. To do this, you use the echo function with an HTML

metatag called Refresh to redirect the browser. Still in the emailProcessor.php

file, on a new line, type echo “<meta http-equiv=\“refresh\” content=\

“0;URL=success.html\“>“;. The Refresh metatag can delay the redirection to

a new page. The delay, measured in seconds, is defined by the content vari-

able. The backslashes in front of the quotation marks tell the PHP interpreter

that they are not PHP code, but HTML.

2. Likewise, if the email is not sent, you want the browser to be redirected to the

failure.html page. On a new line, type echo “<meta http-equiv=\“refresh\”

content=\“0;URL=failure.html\“>“;.

3. To let the server know when to say the email was sent, you first have to define

what you consider a success. In the case of the email form, a success would

mean that the mail() function executed properly. To define the mail() func-

tion executing properly as a success, place the cursor at the beginning of the

line that has the mail() function and type $success =.

Now that you have a way to measure whether the email was sent and you

have the resulting actions for what should happen in either case, you need to

make a small program that tells the server when to do what. This is done by

using the if andelse statements. Like the names suggest, the if statement

checks whether a certain condition is met. If it is, the attached action takes

place. The else statement kicks in whenever the if condition is not met. In

this case, you want the if condition to be the $success variable. If it is met,

the success.html page should display, and if not, the failure.html page should

display.

4. Create a new line above the

redirectmetatag that leads to the success.html

page and type if ($success){.

5. Create a new line directly below the

redirectmetatag and close the curly

bracket by typing }.

6. Create a new line under the last one and type else {. Close this curly bracket

on a new line after the redirect meta tag that leads to the failure.html page.

▼

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Creating an Email Form Using PHP

369

Figure 21.12 shows the emailProcessor.php file as it appears in Code view with the

new conditional redirects added. The browser now directs to either the success.html

or failure.html page, depending on whether the email is sent.

FIGURE 21.12

Add the condi-

tional

redirect

tags to tell the

visitor whether

the email was

sent.

▲

▼

Try It Yourself

Create a Filter to Stop Empty Messages

The easiest way to weed out nonsense emails and accidental clicks is to set up the

email form so that if the visitor doesn’t enter an email address, the message is not

sent. To do this, you need to test whether the $header variable, which contains the

contents of the emailAddress field from the form, is empty.

1. Create a new line above the

$successvariable. To see whether the $header

variable is empty, type if ($header ==””) {. (In programming, a single equal

sign means “is the same as,” whereas two equal signs mean “is identical to.”)

2. If the

$headervariable is empty, the browser should be redirected to the

error.html page in which the visitor is told to enter an email address. Create a

new line and type echo “<meta http-equiv=\“refresh\”

content=\“0;URL=error.html\“>“;.

3. Insert one more line and type exit;to stop the script from executing further.

Close the curly bracket by typing }.

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370

HOUR 21:Beyond the Basics,Part 1: PHP in Expression Web 4

The final version of the emailProcessor.php file should now look like this:

<?php

$to = ‘morten@pinkandyellow.com’;

$subject = $_POST[‘inquiryOptions’];

$header = $_POST[‘emailAddress’];

$message = “From: $fullName\nSender e-mail address: $header\nRegarding:

$subject\n\nMessage:\n$thoughts\n”;

if ($header==””) {

echo “<meta http-equiv=\”refresh\” content=\”0;URL=error.html\”>”;

exit;

}

$success = mail($to, $subject, $message, “From: <$header>”);

if ($success){

echo “<meta http-equiv=\”refresh\”

content=\”0;URL=success.html\”>”;

}

else{

echo “<meta http-equiv=\”refresh\”

content=\”0;URL=failure.html\”>”;

}

To sum up, here is what happens step by step: When the visitor enters information

into the email form and clicks the Submit button, the different variables are sent to

the emailProcessor.php file. From here, each value is given a variable name and

inserted in various sections of the email body. Then, the script tests to see that an

email address was entered. If no email address was entered, the browser is redirected

to the error.html page. Otherwise, the script continues on to send the email. If the

email is successfully sent, the browser is redirected to the success.html page. If, for

some reason, the email was not sent, the browser is redirected to the failure.html page.

If you test the script at this point, you’ll notice that three important steps were not

completed: The creation of the success.html, failure.html, and error.html pages.

These three pages should contain some basic information about the success, failure,

and error of the form submission and should all be stored in the Contact folder.

Summary

If you want to move beyond static pages and add dynamic content and true interac-

tivity to your sites, you need to employ server-side scripting. And when you consider

server-side scripting languages, many argue that PHP reigns supreme. Even though

PHP is technically a direct competitor to Microsoft’s application framework, ASP.NET,

▼

▲

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371

Q&A

Expression Web 4 comes equipped with an extensive range of tools to create, write,

edit, and deploy PHP-based pages.

To test your PHP scripts locally on your computer, you first need to install PHP. In

this hour, you learned how to install this free, open source software and set up

Expression Web 4 so that it deploys when you test your scripted pages through the

Expression Development Server.

One of the major benefits of PHP is that the scripts can live alongside HTML code,

which means you can build your pages as you normally would and substitute your

static content for dynamic content without breaking HTML. It also means that even

with PHP scripts installed, you still have full control of the layout and functionality

of your pages through the use of tags, CSS, and other techniques you learned by

reading this book.

In this hour, you learned about basic PHP scripts and saw how a script can insert

content into a page. You built an email form based on PHP that can be uploaded to

a Linux server. (The form from Hour 19 works only on Microsoft servers.) Using PHP

scripts, you went beyond simply generating an email and created conditional rules

that sent the visitor to different pages depending on whether the email was sent.

Finally, you created a conditional rule that tested whether the visitor inserted an

email address before submitting the form.

PHP is an advanced coding language, and in this hour you saw only a fleeting glimpse

of what can be done with it. By using the PHP tools in Expression Web 4, including the

full IntelliSense support, you are well equipped to dive into the world of server-side

scripting. If you want further information about PHP, including tutorials, visit the offi-

cial PHP website at www.php.net or the W3C schools at www.w3schools.com/PHP/.

Q&A

Q. When I tested my PHP page in the browser after installing PHP,the address

in the address bar changed to http://localhost: and some number. What

happened to my original address?

A. When you run apage through the Expression Development Server, the appli-

cation creates a temporary simulated server on your computer. The address

changes because the page is not merely read from its original location as it is

when you test an HTML page but is rendered through the server. Thus, the

browser is displaying the server output, and because the server is hosted on

your computer, it is a local host.

Q. When I tested the email form using the Expression Development Server,all I

received was a page displaying the PHP code.

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372

HOUR 21:Beyond the Basics,Part 1: PHP in Expression Web 4

A. This problem could be caused by two different things. Either you didn’t change

the extension of the contact page to .php but left it as .html, in which case the

Expression Development Server will not deploy, and the page will be rendered

as straight HTML, or PHP is not running properly. First, check that your con-

tact page is named contact.php. If so, make sure you followed all the steps

when installing PHP on your computer.

Workshop

The Workshop has quiz questions to help you put to use what you just learned. If

you get stuck, the answers to the quiz questions are in the next section. But try to

answer the questions first. Otherwise, you’ll be cheating yourself.

Quiz

1. What is the difference between the email form you created in this hour and

the one you created in Hour 19?

2. How does the browser know what part of a PHP page is PHP code and what

should be considered standard HTML?

Answers

1. The email forms you created in the two hours are virtually identical. The dif-

ference lies in how the data or information generated from the forms is han-

dled after the visitor clicks the Submit button. In the form created in this hour,

the data is sent to a PHP file that parses the information and creates an email

message that is sent to the defined address. In the form from Hour 19, the data

is processed by the FrontPage Server Extensions on the server and the email is

generated by them. One of the biggest distinctions between the two is that

whereas the PHP functions are contained in a separate file in this example, the

FrontPage Server Extensions code is contained within the form code itself.

2. One of the many benefits of PHP is that it can live alongside regular HTML

code without any problems. When the browser opens a PHP page, it reads all

the regular HTML code as it normally would and sends only the PHP code

contained within the PHP delimiters <?php and?> to be processed by the serv-

er before being displayed. This way, the server helps out only when needed,

and the browser does the rest of the work. In the extreme, this means you can

create PHP pages that contain nothing but HTML, and the browser reads them

as if they were HTML pages.

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[(H3F)]

373

HOUR 22

Test Twice, Publish Once:

Professional Cross-Browser

Testing with SuperPreview

What You’ll Learn in This Hour:

What SuperPreview is and how it came about

How to use Snapshot to get instant in-browser previews of your pages

How to use SuperPreview as a standalone application

How to use the SuperPreview online service and remote browsers

How to diagnose and fix problems uncovered by SuperPreview

How to create a warning telling Internet Explorer 6 users to upgrade

their browser

As previously mentioned several times in this book, cross-browser and cross-platform

testing of your web pages and sites is paramount if you want to ensure that all of

your visitors have the same experience. This has two reasons: First, even though the

browser producers are converging on an agreement about how to interpret CSS and

JavaScript (and in spite of the W3C conventions on the topics), there is still no

absolute truth about how to do this; as a result, all browsers available have idiosyn-

crasies that can cause your pages to render improperly. This is further complicated

because the same browsers running under different platforms (most notably Safari

running under Mac OS and Windows) render different results. Whatever the reason,

cross-browser testing is a necessary evil where web design is concerned. And it has

been an annoying and time-consuming process that developers and designers alike

would give a lot to go without. (So annoying, in fact, that many simply turn a blind

eye to the problems and pretend they don’t exist!)

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