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HOUR 4:Building a Home Page: A Look Behind the Curtain

The Open Site dialog lists all the sites created in Expression Web 4 (see Figure 4.2).

When you create or manage a website with Expression Web 4, the program auto-

matically generates a shortcut to facilitate easy access to the site from this list. If you

can’t find the project on this list, you can navigate to it as you normally would. If

you followed the directions in Hour 3, the project is in the My Web Sites folder under

Documents.

FIGURE 4.1

The drop-down

menu under

the Open icon

on the

Common tool-

bar gives you

quick access

to open files

and sites with-

out having to

go to the main

menu.

FIGURE 4.2

The Open Site

dialog displays

all the web-

sites you

created in

Expression

Web 4 (here

seen with the

My Kipple

project).

The Open Sites dialog isn’t restricted to local sites. You can also use it to open

and manage external websites both through Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) if you have the necessary permissions to access

the sites. If you use the Browse button or insert an address that Expression Web

4 does not already have on the list, the Add to Managed List box becomes active,

and you can give the site a friendly name. In fact, you can use Expression Web 4

to make changes to live websites in real time.

Before going any further, let’s look at what is happening in the page’s code. Select

Split view using the button at the bottom of the pane to reveal both Code view and

Design view. Click anywhere on the heading and then click the h1 tag on the Block

Selection box. This highlights the content affected by the h1 style in both Design

By the

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Opening and Editing an Existing File Using Code View

view and Code view (see Figure 4.3). In Design view, you see a box with gray striped

shading above and below. The gray areas are the default top and bottom margins

for the h1 tag. In Code view, you see the text buffered or wrapped on both sides by

code tags. These tags tell the browser to display the text in the h1 heading style.

FIGURE 4.3

When you click

an element in

either Code or

Design view,

that object is

highlighted in

both views for

easy reference.

HTML is a basic markup language that can be summarized in one simple rule:

Everything is wrapped between a beginning and an end tag. All beginning tags con-

sist of a “less-than” bracket (<), the tag name and/or function, and a “greater-than”

bracket (>). End tags look much the same, but with the addition of a forward slash

(/) before the content. In this example, <h1> tags wrap the heading like this:

<h1>This is my first web page!</h1>

You now have two ways to change the appearance of your content. You can use the

Style drop-down menu, as you learned in Hour 3, or you can go into Code view and

manually change the style. Try changing the heading <h1> and</h1> tags to para-

graph<p> and</p> to see what happens in Design view.

By the

Way

To use Design view to see changes you made in Code view, you need to click

inside the Design view area or save the page. This is because as you change the

code in Code view, you are temporarily breaking the code. Rather than trying to

display broken code, Expression Web 4 waits for you to tell it when you finish edit-

ing before it refreshes the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor.

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HOUR 4:Building a Home Page: A Look Behind the Curtain

Notice that when you change the beginning tag, Expression Web 4 highlights the

end tag in yellow and red to tell you that your code is broken (see Figure 4.4).

Likewise, the status bar at the bottom of the workspace puts up two warning signs:

The first one tells you that it detects an HTML incompatibility; the second one tells

you that it detects a code error. When you change the end tag to match the start

tag, the errors go away.

FIGURE 4.4

When

Expression

Web 4 discov-

ers a code

error, it high-

lights the error

with a yellow

background

and red text

and shows a

warning sign in

the status bar.

Error in highlighted code

Code error warning

By studying the code, you see that all the different styles you applied in Hour 3 are

actually just code tags:

Heading 1

<h1>

. Heading 2

<h2>

Paragraph

<p>

Emphasized (italicized)

<em>

. Strongly emphasized (bold)

Unordered (bullet) list

<ul>

Ordered (numbered) list

<ol>

. List item for both lists

<li>

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Importing Styled Text from a Document

Looking at the rest of the code, the

<body>

tag, which wraps all the content, tells the

browser that this is the content to display. The

<head>

tag contains all the meta

information that is available to the browser but that the browser does not display

within the page. Meta information includes the page title displayed at the top of the

window, info about the designer, and so on. Finally, the

<html>

tag, which tells the

browser that the following content is written in the HTML language, wraps both the

<head>

and

<body>

sections. Scroll to the bottom of the Code view and you can see

the

</body>

and

</html>

tags that close the page.

Importing Styled Text from a Document

What is a website if not a source of information? You need some real content to

work with. Right now, the default.html file contains whatever text you inserted dur-

ing Hour 3. The next step is to introduce some real content. In most cases, you will

either be provided with or write your own content in some form of word-processing

software. Your first instinct is probably to cut and paste this content straight into

your page. The problem is that, depending on what word processor you use, a large

amount of legacy formatting is likely to be attached to the document—code that

becomes difficult to work with after it is imported into an HTML file. Newer versions

of word processors, such as Microsoft Word 2010, have less of this code clutter, but

simple copy-and-paste will still leave you with code that has no place in a website.

To import the text correctly, you need to use a built-in tool in Expression Web 4.

In the lesson files for this hour downloaded from the book site is a Microsoft Word

document called homepagetext.doc (see Figure 4.5). Open this document in

Microsoft Word, and you see a standard document with headings, subheadings, and

some text.

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HOUR 4:Building a Home Page: A Look Behind the Curtain

The next step is to move all this content over to the default.html file and translate

the styling to standards-based markup.

With the default.html file open in Design view, select and delete all existing content.

Then, go to the homepagetext.doc file in your word-processing software, select all

the text, and press Ctrl+C (universal shortcut for Copy) to copy the content. Next, go

back to the default.html file in Expression Web 4, place your cursor at the top of the

page, click Edit on the main menu, and select Paste Text from the drop-down. This

opens the Paste Text dialog (see Figure 4.6).

FIGURE 4.5

Homepagetext.

doc as it

appears in

Microsoft

Word.

FIGURE 4.6

Expression

Web 4 has a

dedicated func-

tion for pasting

text.

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Advanced Tag Editing

The Paste Text dialog provides you with five options:

. Plain text

One <pre> formatted paragraph

Many <pre> formatted paragraphs

. Normal paragraph with line breaks

Normal paragraphs without line breaks

If you click each of them, you get a further description of each option in the Results

section. For most purposes, including ours, the last option—Normal paragraph with-

out line breaks—is the correct one. This Paste function inserts the text, wrapping

each line or paragraph in its own <p> tag. This makes it easy to edit later.

Select the last option and click OK, and Expression Web 4 pastes in your content,

wrapping each section in its own set of <p> tags.

By the

Way

You don’t need Microsoft Office or Microsoft Word to open Word (.doc) documents.

If you don’t have one of these applications installed, you can still access the les-

son file by downloading and installing OpenOffice—an open source office suite

that contains much the same kind of programs as Microsoft Office 100% free of

charge. OpenOffice can be downloaded from www.openoffice.org.

Advanced Tag Editing

With the text pasted into the document, you now have a page consisting entirely of

paragraphs. But looking at the Word document, you see that the original text had

headings, subheadings, and even an indented quote section. To finalize the conver-

sion from document to web page, you need to apply the correct markup tags for

each of these sections. You can do this either by using the Style drop-down on the

Common toolbar or by using the Quick Tag Editor found at the top of the View

panel.

To see how it works, click the first line of text in Design view. At the top of the View

panel you will now see two tags in the Quick Tag Selector: <body> and<p> (see

Figure 4.7). The Quick Tag Selector shows you what tags are applied to the selected

element and also in which order they are applied, from the outermost on the left to

the innermost on the right. If you hover your mouse over the <p> tag, you’ll see a

small down arrow appear on the right side. Clicking this arrow reveals the Quick

Tag Editor drop-down menu (see Figure 4.8).

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HOUR 4:Building a Home Page: A Look Behind the Curtain

From the drop-down menu, you can select the tag or the contents within the tag and

edit, remove, or add additional tags directly. This tool is especially useful when

you’re changing or adding new tags because it changes both the beginning and end

tags at the same time, thus ensuring you don’t inadvertently break the code on the

page.

To change the first paragraph to Heading 1, place your cursor on the first paragraph

in Design view, activate the Quick Tag Editor for the <p> tag, and select Edit Tag.

This opens the Quick Tag Editor dialog. In the dialog, change <p> to<h1> and click

the green check mark on the far right (see Figure 4.9). This changes both the begin-

ning and end tag to h1 and the first paragraph is now a heading. You can use the

same technique to apply <h2> tags to the subheadings on the page.

FIGURE 4.7

The Quick Tag

Selector pro-

vides informa-

tion about the

currently

applied tags

and their order.

FIGURE 4.8

The Quick Tag

Editor drop-

down menu

provides quick

access to

tag-editing and

selection

features.

FIGURE 4.9

The Quick Tag

Editor allows

you to change

the beginning

and end tags

of any tag on

the page.

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Advanced Tag Editing

Looking at the Word document again, you’ll notice the fourth paragraph is

indented. In traditional publishing this is called a pull quote because it’s a quote that

is literally pulled out of the regular content and highlighted in a different way.

HTML has a special tag for this type of content: <blockquote>. To match the Word

document, use the Quick Tag Editor to change the paragraph tag surrounding the

fourth paragraph to the <blockquote> tag.

With all the tags changed in your page, preview the page in your browser and note

that the formatting now matches the Word document (see Figure 4.10).

FIGURE 4.10

With some sim-

ple formatting,

the web page

looks like the

original Word

document in

Internet

Explorer 9.

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HOUR 4:Building a Home Page: A Look Behind the Curtain

Summary

In this hour, you took a trip behind the scenes and learned a bit about how an

HTML page works. You saw that the code boils down to wrapping the content in a

beginning and an end tag and that changing these tags can be done from Code

view and Design view. You got a preview of some of the code-editing tools available

in Expression Web 4, the Quick Tag Selector, and the Quick Tag Editor, and you also

learned how to import text content from external files and format the code so that it

matches the original document. In Hour 5, “Getting Connected with (Hyper)Links:

The Cornerstone of the World Wide Web,” you create a second page and add hyper-

links to your pages to make them interactive.

Q&A

Q. Why can’t I simply cut and paste the content from a Word document

straight into my web page?

A. A word processor such as Microsoft Word inserts a large amount of hidden

style code in documents. When you copy and paste text from these pro-

grams, all that code quite literally tags along. One example of this is pull

quotes. When you press the Tab key in a word processor to visually distin-

guish a long quote by indenting it, you actually insert a block of style code

defining how far in to indent the content. Therefore, when you copy and

paste the content to Expression Web 4, that style code follows along and

clutters up the code. This indentation code is unnecessary in HTML because

there is already a dedicated tag for long quotes called <blockquote>. To

avoid this problem, use the Paste Text command found under Edit on the

main menu. This command strips the style code from copied text and

inserts it as plain text with only the tags you request. Yes, using the Paste

Text command forces you to apply the different heading and other tags

manually, but it also ensures that all your code is up to standards, and

that’s what matters in the end.

Workshop

The Workshop has quiz questions and exercises to help you put to use what you just

learned. If you get stuck, the answers to the quiz questions are in the next section.

But try to answer them first. Otherwise, you’ll be cheating yourself.

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Exercise

Quiz

1. In Code view, how do you tell the browser to treat one line of text differently

from another?

Answer

1. To separate and group content, HTML uses tags. Any content placed

between a beginning and an end tag is semantically defined by that tag so

that browsers understand paragraphs as paragraphs, headings as head-

ings, unordered lists as unordered lists, and so on. When you apply a par-

ticular style to content in Design view, you are actually telling the browser

to find content wrapped by a certain tag and then apply the defined styles

to this content.

Exercise

Find a Word document you already have on your computer or write a new one.

Make sure it has several headings and subheadings along with bold and italicized

content and a few lists. With the default.html file open in Expression Web 4, choose

Save As under File, and select a new name (such as myTest.html) and save it. Delete

all the content in your new file and import the content from the Word document.

Clean up the code so the formatting matches the original document, and all bold

and italicized content is strong and emphasized instead. Save the file and test it in

your browser to verify that it works properly.

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