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Prepare

Item

Description

Tuition

The cost of taking a course varies from school to school. To search for tuition costs

at different colleges, go to www.studentaid.ed.gov/myfsa.

Room and board

The cost of lodging and food varies from school to school. Go to

www.studentaid.ed.gov/myfsa to search for estimated costs.

Books and

Books can be expensive. School supplies can include book bags, notebooks, pens, pencils,

school supplies

paper, folders, stapler, desk organizing system (trays, pen holder, etc.), computer paper, etc.

According to the College Board, the national average cost for textbooks at four-year public

colleges in 2009–10 was $1,122.

Fees

Fees will depend on the school you’re attending. This list can be obtained directly from the

school. Fees include activity fees, parking decal fees, etc.

Equipment and

Equipment may include a computer, printer, etc. Furnishings or room materials may include

room materials

such items as reading lamps, microwave, refrigerator, sheets, towels, etc.

Travel and

If you live on campus, you’ll probably need to travel during school breaks.

miscellaneous expenses

Other expenses can include clothing and cell phone use.

PREPARE—Understanding Financial Aid

and Your Loan Options

Paying for a postsecondary education (college or trade school) is an investment.

It requires planning. It takes money. So talk with your family openly and early. If you’re

in high school, you can also talk to a guidance counselor at your school; they o晴en have

helpful information about planning for a postsecondary education. You also can contact

a ﬁnancial aid oﬃce at the college you plan to attend or are considering attending.

How much does college cost?

To determine your total college costs, you should get as much detailed information as

you can from schools you are interested in. 周ese costs are usually listed in the college's

brochure or on its website. Keep in mind that college costs are not just tuition and

room and board. Table 1 provides a description of common college costs.

Table 1.

Description of college costs by selected expenditure items

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Prepare

Your Federal Student Loans

What ﬁnancial resources are there?

You and your family have the responsibility of planning and paying for college.

Your ﬁnancial resources come from

•

scholarships,

•

prepaid or college savings plans,

•

personal savings, and

•

money from work (summer, part-time, etc.).

If you still need additional money, turn to

•

the federal government, and

•

institutional and state aid.

What is the federal government’s role in ﬁnancial aid?

周e federal government is the main provider of ﬁnancial aid for college. Every

year, students and parents receive more than $150 billion in federal student aid.

With all these funds available, applying for aid from the federal government is a

good option. Federal student aid from the federal government includes:

•

grants—free money that doesn’t have to be repaid, except in some cases when

you withdraw from school;

•

work-study—money you earn to pay for your education;

•

loans—money you borrow for school, which you must repay with interest.

Why should I consider a loan from the federal government?

Federal student loans usually oﬀer borrowers lower interest rates and have more ﬂexible

repayment options than loans from banks or other private sources.

What about grants and work-study from the

federal government?

周is publication is focused on loans because they are the largest source of federal

student aid. For detailed information on our grant and work-study programs, visit

Student Aid on the Web at www.studentaid.ed.gov/applying. Student Aid on the Web

also has information on scholarships and other sources of federal and nonfederal aid

for college.

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What types of federal student loans are there and how

much can I borrow?

周e following tables compare and summarize federal student loan programs oﬀered

by the U.S. Department of Education.

Table 2.

Federal student loan programs for the 2011–12 award year

Loan program

Eligibility

(i.e., who can get

the loan)

Fixed annual

interest rate

Annual

loan limit

Maximum loan amount

allowed when you

graduate

Details

Federal

Undergraduate and 5%

Undergraduate

Your college

Perkins

graduate students

students: Up to

students: $27,500

is the lender.

Loans

enrolled

at least part-time

$5,500

Graduate

and who

Graduate students:

students: $60,000

demonstrate

Up to $8,000

(this amount includes

ﬁnancial need

undergraduate loans)

Amount actually

received depends

on ﬁnancial need,

amount of other aid,

and availability of

funds at school.

William D.

Ford Direct

Stafford

Loans

Undergraduate

and graduate

students enrolled

at least half-time

Undergraduate

students:

For loans ﬁrst

disbursed on or after

$3,500–$8,500,

depending on year

in school

A detailed

Undergraduate

students: $23,000

Graduate students:

$65,500

The U.S.

Department

of Education is

the lender and

pays interest

Direct

Subsidized

Stafford Loans

Must demonstrate

ﬁnancial need

July 1, 2010 and

before July 1, 2011:

4.5%

breakdown is

provided in

Table 4.

on the loan

while you are in

school at least

half-time and

For loans ﬁrst

disbursed on or after

July 1, 2011 and

before July 1, 2012:

3.4%

during grace

and deferment

periods.

Direct

Unsubsidized

Stafford Loans

Undergraduate

and graduate

students enrolled

at least half-time

Financial need

is not required

Graduate students:

6.8%

$5,500–$20,500

(less any subsidized

amount received for

the same period)

depending on

year in school and

dependency status

A detailed

breakdown is

provided in

Table 4.

Dependent

undergraduate

students: $31,000 (no

more than $23,000 of

this amount may be in

subsidized loans)

Independent

undergraduate

students: $57,500 (no

more than $23,000 of

this amount may be in

subsidized loans)

The U.S.

Department of

Education is the

lender.

You are

responsible

for paying all

interest on the

loan starting

on the date

the loan is ﬁrst

disbursed.

Graduate students:

$138,500 (no more than

$65,500 of this amount

may be in subsidized

loans)—this includes

loans received for

undergraduate study

Prepare

(Continued on next page)

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Your Federal Student Loans

Federal student loan programs for 2011–12 (continued from page 5)

Prepare

Loan program

Eligibility

(i.e., who can get

the loan)

Fixed annual

interest rate

Annual

loan limit

Maximum loan amount

allowed when you

graduate

Details

Direct

Graduate and

7.9%

The student's cost

No aggregate limit

The U.S.

PLUS Loans professional

students and

parents of

dependent

undergraduate

students

Student must be

enrolled at least

half-time

Financial need is

not required

Those qualifying

must not have

adverse credit

history.

of attendance

(determined by the

school) minus any

other ﬁnancial aid

received

for PLUS Loans

Department of

Education is the

lender.

The loan is

unsubsidized

(i.e., you are

responsible

for paying all

interest).

Direct

Students who

Fixed rate is based Not applicable

Not applicable

Consolidation want to combine on the weighted

Loans

multiple federal

student loans into

one loan

Parent PLUS

loans cannot

be transferred

to the student

and become

the student's

responsibility.

average of the

interest rates on

the loans being

consolidated,

rounded up to the

nearest one-eighth

of 1%.

Cannot exceed

8.25%

For interest rates on loans disbursed before July1,2010, go to

www.studentaid.ed.gov/interestrates.

NOTE:

Before July1,2010, Staﬀord, PLUS, and Consolidation Loans also were made by

private lenders under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL

) Program. As a result

of legislation passed in 2010, no further loans will be made under the FFEL Program.

All new Staﬀord, PLUS, and Consolidation Loans will come directly from the U.S.

Department of Education under the Direct Loan Program.

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Prepare

Because you can't borrow more than your cost of attendance minus any other ﬁnancial aid

you'll get, you may receive less than the annual maximum amounts. Also, the annual loan

limits assume that your program of study is at least a full academic year. 周e maximum

annual and total loan limits include any Staﬀord Loans you may have received under the

FFEL Program.

Table 3.

Comparison of subsidized vs. unsubsidized loans: interest rates, interest accrual and

payment, and capitalization

Subsidized

Unsubsidized

The federal government pays interest

on subsidized loans while you are in school

at least half-time and during grace and

deferment periods.

Interest starts accruing (accumulating) from the time the funds

are disbursed to you.

You’re responsible for paying that interest.

You can choose to either pay it while you are in school or let it accrue.

The amount you let accrue will be added to the principal balance

of your loan (capitalized).

If you let your interest capitalize, it increases your loan principal balance

and you will then have to pay interest on the increased loan principal amount. The

total amount you repay over the life of your loan will be greater than if you paid

interest while you were in school.

Graduate and professional students enrolled in certain health profession programs may receive

additional Unsubsidized Staﬀord Loan amounts beyond those shown in table 4. 周ere is also

an increased aggregate loan limit of $224,000 (maximum $65,500 subsidized).

Table 4.

Annual and aggregate loan limits for Direct Stafford Loans

Year

Dependent undergraduate

students (except students

whose parents are unable

to obtain PLUS Loans)

Independent

undergraduate students

(and dependent students

whose parents are unable

to obtain PLUS Loans)

Graduate and

professional degree students

First Year

$5,500—No more than

$3,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$9,500—No more than

$3,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$20,500—No more than

$8,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

Second Year

$6,500—No more than

$4,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$10,500—No more than

$4,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

Third Year and Beyond

(each year)

$7,500—No more than

$5,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$12,500—No more than

$5,500 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

Maximum total debt from

Direct Stafford Loans

when you graduate

$31,000—No more than

$23,000 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$57,500—No more than

$23,000 of this amount may

be in subsidized loans.

$138,500—No more than

$65,500 of this amount may be in

subsidized loans. The graduate

debt limit includes Stafford Loans

received for undergraduate study.

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Your Federal Student Loans

Prepare

NOTE:

If your parents don’t qualify for a PLUS Loan, you might be able to get additional

funds up to the amount listed under independent undergraduate students in table 2. See

your ﬁnancial aid administrator (FAA) for more information.

Can I get an estimate on how much aid I will get?

Yes. FAFSA4caster

is a calculator that you can use to get an estimate of the federal

student aid (grants, work-study, and loans) you may receive. You can access FAFSA4caster

at www.FAFSA4caster.ed.gov and www.fafsa.gov.

Do all schools participate in the federal loan programs?

No, they don’t. You need to contact your school to ﬁnd out if it participates in the

federal loan programs.

How are federal student loans diﬀerent from

private loans?

While every student wants scholarships and grants, not everyone can cover the entire

cost of college or career school through those options. Loans can make your education

possible and aﬀordable.

However, when exploring your loan options, you should consider federal student loans

before any private loans. Federal student loans have lower and ﬁxed interest rates, generous

repayment plans, no prepayment penalties, and no credit checks (except for PLUS Loans).

In contrast, private loans, which may be aggressively marketed to students through

TV ads, mailings, and other media, are substantially more expensive than federal student

loans. 周ey generally have higher, variable interest rates that may substantially increase the

total amount you repay and the interest rate you receive might depend on your credit

score. Private loans also can have prepayment penalty fees.

Table 5 shows why federal student loans are a better option than private student loans.

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Table 5.

Federal student loans vs. private loans

Also avoid using credit cards to pay for your education. Interest rates on credit cards are

very high, payments are due every month, and usually don’t oﬀer diﬀerent repayment

and deferment (temporarily postpone payments) options.

Table 6.

Sources of ﬁnancial aid

Federal student loans

(loans from the federal government through

the U.S. Department of Education)

Private student loans

(nonfederal loans from a bank, credit union,

or other ﬁnancial institution)

You will not have to start repaying your federal student

loans until you graduate, leave school, or change your

enrollment status to less than half-time (see page 24).

Many private student loans require payments while

you are still in school.

The interest rate is ﬁxed and is almost always lower than private

loans—and much lower than credit card interest rates. For loans

ﬁrst disbursed on or after July 1, 2010, and before July 1, 2011,

the interest rate is 4.5% for subsidized loans for undergraduate

students and 6.8% for unsubsidized loans for undergraduate

and graduate students. The rate for subsidized loans made to

graduate students is 6.8%.

Private student loans can have variable interest

rates, some greater than 18%.

Students with greater ﬁnancial need might qualify for a

subsidized loan. The government pays the interest.

Private student loans are not subsidized.

No one pays the interest on your loan but you.

You don’t need to pass a credit check to get a federal

student loan (except for PLUS Loans). Federal student

loans can help you establish a good credit record.

Private student loans may require an established credit

record. The cost of a private student loan depends on your

credit score, which you may not yet have as a student.

You don’t need a co-signer (except for PLUS Loans) to get

a federal student loan.

You may need a co-signer to get the best possible deal.

Free help is available at 1-800-4-FED-AID and on our

websites. You also have 24/7 access to your loan account

information via the Internet.

You need to ﬁnd out if there is free help.

Some interest is tax deductible.

Interest may not be tax deductible.

Loans can be consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan.

See www.loanconsolidation.ed.gov or page 33 for more

information on consolidation loans and to see if this option will

beneﬁt you.

Private student loans can’t be consolidated into

the federal loan consolidation program.

No prepayment penalty fee.

You need to make sure there are no prepayment

penalty fees.

Maximize the Sources of Aid You Don't Have to Repay

MONEY YOU DO NOT HAVE TO REPAY

1. Scholarships and Grants

2. Savings

3. Work-Study Earnings

CHEAPEST LOANS

4. Federal Student Loans

• Perkins Loans

• Direct Subsidized Stafford Loan

• Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan

• PLUS Loans

EXPENSIVE LOANS

5. Private Educational Loans

6. Home Equity Loans

7. Credit Cards

Prepare

Source: Consumers Union. July2007. Helping Families Finance College: Improved Student Loan Disclosures and Counseling. Yonkers, NY.

Prepare

Your Federal Student Loans

Plan ahead and graduate with less debt

A晴er exploring the various non-loan and low-interest loan options, another option

is to reduce your cost of attending college. You can start at a less expensive school or

community college before transferring to a four-year college (make sure the four-year

school you’re interested in accepts course credits from the community college you’re

attending), and consider in-state vs. out-of-state schools. Debt adds up quickly, so keep

an eye on it. If you’re concerned about too much debt you can:

•

search for more scholarships and grants;

•

work while you’re attending school;

•

change your spending habits; and

•

consider transferring to a less-expensive school.

Always consider what you’ll have to repay and keep track of how

much you’re borrowing

Your student loan payments should only be a small percentage of your salary a晴er you

graduate. Ask your school’s ﬁnancial aid oﬃce for starting salaries of recent graduates

in your ﬁeld of study to get an idea of how much you are likely to earn a晴er you graduate.

Estimates of salaries for diﬀerent careers are available in the Department of Labor's

Occupational Outlook Handbook at www.bls.gov/oco. You also should research

employment opportunities advertised in the area where you plan to live to get an idea

of a local starting salary.

Manage your money and change your spending habits

Resist the urge to get a credit card or to get more than one credit card. A credit card can

help you build a credit history, if you use it wisely. But use it for emergencies only and

don’t spend more than you can aﬀord to pay. If you decide to get a credit card, make sure

you understand the terms and read the ﬁne print. You should also open a checking account,

if you don’t already have one, and learn how to balance your checkbook.

A few more tips to save money while you’re in school:

•

Buy used books instead of new ones whenever possible.

•

Use your prepaid meal plan instead of eating out.

•

Take advantage of free activities (e.g., concerts, plays, art exhibits) sponsored

by your school.

•

Resist impulse buying. Buy what you need, not what you think would be nice

to have. When you do shop, use coupons and look for sales.

•

Stay healthy to keep medical bills and loss of class time to a minimum. Prepackaged

food might seem cheap, but you also can find inexpensive, fresh, and healthy foods

if you plan ahead.

•

Understand your cell phone plan. Stay within your free minutes. Remember that

texting is usually not free.

•

Brew your own coffee.

APPLY—Learn How to Apply for Aid

周e U.S. Department of Education has billions of dollars in federal student aid to help

students pay for college. But in order to potentially receive some of this money, you

have to apply for it. 周is section provides information on who is eligible for federal

student aid and the application process.

Who can get federal student aid?

Our most basic eligibility requirements are that you must

•

be a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen,

•

have a valid Social Security number,

•

the ages of 18 and 25,

•

be working toward a degree or certificate,

•

maintain satisfactory academic progress once you’re in a postsecondary school, and

•

show you’re qualified to obtain a postsecondary education.

周ese are general requirements. To get more detailed information, see

www.studentaid.ed.gov/eligible.

How do I apply for federal student aid?

Fill out an application! Apply for federal student aid, including a federal student

loan, by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA

) at

www.fafsa.gov. In addition to federal student loans, the FAFSA also determines

your eligibility for other federal student aid (grants and work-study). Many states

and schools use your FAFSA information to determine your eligibility for state and

institutional aid. You must submit the FAFSA to receive federal student aid.

When should I complete the FAFSA?

Complete and submit the FAFSA at www.fafsa.gov on or a晴er Jan.1 of the year you

expect to start college.

What information do I need?

Completing the FAFSA is very straightforward, but you will need some documents to

assist you in ﬁlling out the form, such as your or your parent’s most recent income tax

return. You’ll ﬁnd a list of documents you need when you complete the online application

at www.fafsa.gov.

Apply

Your Federal Student Loans

How can I get help completing the FAFSA?

If you need help ﬁlling out the FAFSA, the online application has help text tools and

a live chat option. If you’d like to talk to someone, then you can call our Federal Student

Aid Information Center at 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243; TTY 1-800-730-8913).

What if I can’t complete the FAFSA online?

If you can’t complete the FAFSA online, you can get a paper copy by calling the

Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) or

you can download a PDF at www.fafsa.gov. If at all possible, you should complete your

FAFSA online at www.fafsa.gov. 周e online application has features that let you skip

some questions if they don’t apply and automatic error checking that streamlines your

application process.

NOTE:

By completing the FAFSA, you will be applying for federal grants,

work-study, and loans.

What about loans?

All students interested in federal student aid must complete the FAFSA to apply for

grants, work-study, and loans.

周e school's ﬁnancial aid oﬃce can provide additional instructions for parents on

how to apply for Federal PLUS Loans. However, dependent undergraduate students

of parents applying for a PLUS Loan must complete a FAFSA.

Is our income too high to qualify for aid?

Aid is intended to make a college education a reality for as many students as possible,

all of whom have many diﬀerent ﬁnancial situations. Complete the FAFSA, even if

you don't expect to qualify for need-based grants and loans. By completing the FAFSA

you’ll also be considered for Direct Unsubsidized Staﬀord Loans, which are not based

on need. Also, you can't be certain that you won't qualify for a subsidized loan and

might end up missing out on the beneﬁts of a subsidized loan.

周e number of other family members in college at the time of your application is taken into

consideration when your eligibility for federal student aid is calculated. In addition, when

preparing your ﬁnancial aid package school ﬁnancial aid administrators (FAAs) o晴en take

into account not only income but other factors, such as medical expenses. Many families are

surprised by the aid they can receive.

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