92
NotesAboutTemporaryCitations
l
Eachcitationmustmatchonlyonereferenceinthelibrary.
l
WhenInstantFormattingisturnedoff,atemporarycitationisenclosedincitationdelimiters
1
andtypicallyincludesthe
firstauthor’slastname,theyearofpublication,andtherecordnumberforthatreference:{Schwartz,1990#5}.
l
Withinonesetofcitationdelimitersyoucanhaveseveralcitationsseparatedbysemicolons:
{Schwartz,1990#5;Billoski,1992#28}.
l
Curlybraces("{"and"}")arethedefaulttemporarycitationdelimiters,althoughtheycanbechanged(seeTemporary
Cita-
tions
).EndNotelooksforthesemarkerstofindcitationsinyourwordprocessingdocuments.
l
Inadditiontothecitationdelimiters,thereareotherpossiblecomponents
toatemporarycitation:Author,Year,Record
Number,PrefixText,SuffixText,andanyothertextfoundintherecord.Youcanalsouseaspecialtagtoformatthecita-
tionasAuthor(Year).
l
Anypartofatemporarycitationcanbeomitted,aslongasenoughinformationremainstomatchjustonereferenceinthe
library.Ifyouomitanauthororyearfromatemporarycitation,thosecomponentsareomittedfromtheformattedcitation
aswell—althoughyoucanchangethispreference.SeeOmitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
formoreinformation.
Additionally,youcanomittheentirecitationsothattheentryonlyappearsinthebibliography
.
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Temporary
Citation
Preferences
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
ComponentsofaTemporaryCitation
ThetypicalEndNotetemporary(unformatted)citationconsistsofanauthor’slastname,ayear,andarecordnumber,all
enclosedincitationdelimiters
2
.However,temporarycitationscantakeonvariousotherformats.
Temporarycitationsmustbeginandendwiththeopeningandclosingcitationdelimiters,buttheothercomponentsofatem-
porarycitationcanvary.
Youcantypeanystringoftextfoundinthereference,asin:
{dinosaurextinction}
1
Delimitersarepunctuationmarksthatseparatesonetermorfield(oranypieceofdata)fromanother.Delimitersareusedinthecon-
textoftemporarycitationmarkers(thecurlybracesaredefaultdelimitersthatidentifythetemporarycitationsinthebodyofyourtext)
andtermlists.
2
Delimitersarepunctuationmarksthatseparatesonetermorfield(oranypieceofdata)fromanother.Delimitersareusedinthecon-
textoftemporarycitationmarkers(thecurlybracesaredefaultdelimitersthatidentifythetemporarycitationsinthebodyofyourtext)
andtermlists.
Online Remove password from protected PDF file hlep protect your PDF document in C# project, XDoc.PDF provides some PDF security settings. On this page, we will talk about how to achieve this via password.
creating password protected pdf; convert password protected pdf files to word online
37
Or,youcantypeanyoftheseitemsinthisorder(commaplacementissignificant):
{Prefix\Author,Year#RecordNumberSuffix}
{Prefix\Author,Year,AnyText,Suffix}
Eachcomponentisbrieflydescribedbelow;moredetailedinformationfollows.
Author’sLastName:Onlythelastnameofoneauthorislistedinatemporarycitation.Itcanbeanyauthorassociatedwiththe
reference,andnotjustthefirstauthor.Includeacommaaftertheauthor’snametolimitthesearchonlytoauthorfields:
{Schwartz,1990}
Year:Theyearshouldappearexactlyasitdoesinthereference,anditshouldbeprecededbyacomma.Evenifyouleaveout
theauthorname,includeacommabeforetheyeartolimitthesearchtotheYearfield:
{,2001}
RecordNumber:TherecordnumberisEndNote’suniquenumberforareference.Itistheonlypartofatemporarycitationthat
youcancountontoalwaysidentifyjustonereferenceinyourlibrary.Therecordnumbermustbeprecededbyanumbersign:
{Jones,1987#84}
AnyText:AnytextthatappearsinthereferencecanbeusedtohelpEndNotelocatethereferenceinthelibrary.Inorderforthis
tobehelpful,selectwordsthatareuniquetothatreference.Enterthespecifictextonly,orenterthetextinplaceoftherecord
numberpartofthetemporarycitationandafterasecondcomma:
{greenhouse}
{Schwartz,1990,
{Schwartz,,
Inthethirdexample,wherethedateisomitted,youmustinsertaspacebetweenthetwocommasorEndNotewillnotrecognize
anycitationmatches.
PrefixText:Toaddtexttoprintbeforetheformattedcitation,typethetextimmediatelyaftertheopeningbraceandthenaback-
slash"\"toseparateprefixtextfromthesearchtext:
{see\Jones,1987#84}
SuffixText:Toaddtexttoprintafteraformattedcitation,enterthesuffixtextimmediatelyaftertherecordnumberorenterathird
commaafterthesearchtextandthentypethesuffixtext:
{Smith,1995#98p.293}
{Smith,1995,dinosaur,p.293}
Author(Year)format:ToaddacitationthatisformattedasAuthor(Year)inyourtext,include@author-yearafterthepagesdes-
ignator:
{Hesse,2003#95@@author-year}or{Hesse,2003#95@p.237@author-year}
BibliographyOnlyformat:Toinsertacitationthatonlyappearsinthebibliography,include@@hidden,wherethefirst@is
neededasthepagesplaceholder:
{Smith,1995#98@@hidden}
Note:ForaneasywaytomodifyindividualCiteWhileYouWritecitationsoncetheyareformatted,seeEditing
Citations
.
78
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Temporary
Citation
Preferences
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
OmittingAuthorsorYearsfromCitations
Whileyourstylemaynormallyincludetheauthor’snameanddateineachin-textcitation,youmaywanttoomittheauthorand/or
yearfromaparticularcitation.Thisisusefulifyouhavementionedtheauthororyearinthecontextofthesentenceanddonot
wanttorepeattheinformationinthecitation.
Toremovetheauthor’snameordatefromacitation,simplyleavethatinformationoutoftheunformattedcitation.
Toomittheauthor’sname,enter:
...Wyatt’srecentdiscovery{,1993#38}.
whichwillformatas:
...Wyatt’srecentdiscovery(1993).
Toomitthedate,enter:
...abouthis1993discovery{Wyatt,#38}.
whichwillformatas:
...abouthis1993discovery(Wyatt).
Note:Numberedcitationsdonotprinttheauthornameoryearinanycase,sothesesettingswouldbeignored.
Ifyouwantareferencetoappearinyourbibliography,butnotasacitationinyourpaper,youcanexcludeboththeauthorand
year,leavingonlytherecordnumber.Whenyouformatyourpaperwithastylethatformatsauthorsandyearsinthecitations,
thisparticularcitationwillnotdisplayintext,butwillbeincludedinthebibliography.
However,ifyouwouldratherhavetheauthorandyearappearintheformattedcitationregardlessofwhetherornottheyareinthe
temporarycitation,selectPreferencesfromEndNote’sEndNotemenu,selecttheFormattingoption,anduncheckthesettingto
OmitAuthorand/orYearfromformattedcitationifremovedfromtemporarycitation.Withthissettingturnedoff,youmayenter
justtherecordnumber{#34}asatemporarycitation,andstillformatthepaperaccuratelywithastylethatrequiresauthorsand
yearsinthein-textcitations.
Note:ForaneasywaytomodifyindividualCiteWhileYouWritecitationsoncetheyareinserted,seeEditing
Citations
.
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
82
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
CitationPrefixes
Youcantypeaprefixinfrontofanyunformattedin-textcitation,usingabackslashtoseparatetheprefixtextfromthereference.
Forexample,anin-textcitationsuchas:
{seealso\Hall,1988#77}
formattedintheAPAstylewouldbe:
(seealsoHall,1988)
Whenthereisonlyoneprefixinamultiplecitationanditisatthebeginningofthecitation,itwillstaythereregardlessofhowthe
citationsaresorted.Forexample,thiscitation:
{e.g.\Hall,1988#77;Argus,1991#11}
afterbeingformattedintheAPAstylewillappearas:
(e.g.Argus,1991;Hall,1988)
Iftheprefixisnotatthebeginningofthemultiplecitation,orifthereismorethanoneprefixinamultiplecitation,theprefixtext
remainswiththereferenceitprecedes.Forexample,thiscitation:
{Argus,1984#11;especially\Hall,1988#77}
formattedintheAuthor-Datestylewillbe:
(Argus,1984;especiallyHall,1988)
ChangingtheCitationPrefixMarker
YoucanchangetheprefixmarkerfromabackslashtoanothercharacterbyselectingPreferencesfromEndNote’sEndNote
menu,selectingtheTemporaryCitationsoption,andchangingthecharacterinthe"CitationPrefixMarker"box.Useacharacter
thatisnototherwiseusedinthecitations.Letters,numbers,semicolons,"@"andcommascannotbeprefixmarkers.SeeTem-
porary
Citations
.
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
CitationSuffixes
Texttypedaftertherecordnumberorsearchtextinanunformattedcitationappearsimmediatelyafterthecitationwhenitisfor-
matted.Forexample,thesecitations:
{Hall,1988#77,p.5}
{Smith,1995,dinosaur,,p.293}
84
afterbeingformattedintheAPAstylewillappearas:
(Hall,1988,p.5)
(Smith,1995,p.293)
Inmultiplecitations,thesuffixtextremainswiththecitationthatitfollows,evenifthecitationsaresorteddifferentlyduringthe
formattingprocess.Forexample,thiscitation:
{Hall,1988#77p.5;Argus,1991#11}
formattedintheAuthor-Datestylewillbe:
(Argus,1991;Hall,1988p.5)
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
IncludingSemicolonsandOtherCitationDelimitersinaCitation
Inordertoprintanactualsemicolonortheprefixmarker(\)aspartofacitation,typeanaccentgrave(`)beforethecharacter.The
accentgravetellsEndNotetotreatthefollowingcharacterasregulartext,andnotasasignificantcharacterforparsingthecita-
tion.Forexample,tocreateacitationthatisformattedas:
(seeFigure1;Jackson,1994)
theunformattedcitationmustlooklikethis:
{seeFigure1`;\Jackson,1994#28}
The`characterbeforethesemicolontellsEndNotenottotreatthesemicolonasaseparatorbetweencitations.
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
CitingSpecificPageNumbersinFootnotes
Whencitingfullreferencesinfootnotes,youmightwanttoincludespecificpagenumbers.EndNoteprovidesawaytodothis
wherethepagenumbersthatyoutypeintoatemporarycitationcanbemanipulatedbytheEndNotestylejustlikeafieldinyour
EndNotereference.Youcanaddspecificpagestothetemporarycitation,andhavetheEndNotestyleincludethemwherever
theyneedtobeintheformattedcitation.Thestylecanalsoapplyspecialpagesformatting,likedecidingwhethertoadd"p."or
"pp.beforethepagenumbers,andhowtolisttherangeofpages.
82
TheeasiestwaytoaddcitedpagesistousetheEdit
Citation
dialog.
Tomanuallyincludespecificpagenumberstoareferenceinanunformattedfootnotecitation,simplyenterthepagenumberpre-
cededby"@"attheendofthetemporarycitation:
{Smith,1999#24@145-6}
Alltextthatfollowsthe@symbol(uptothenextspace)isconsideredthe"CitedPages."YoumustalsoconfiguretheEndNote
styleusedtoformatthepapertouse"CitedPages"inthefootnotetemplate.MostEndNotestylesthatrequireaspecialformat
forcitationsinfootnotesarealreadyconfiguredthisway.
WhenEndNoteformatsthecitation,thecitedpages("145-6"intheexampleabove)areinsertedinthecorrectlocationandfor-
mattedasappropriateforthestyle.
Note:Ifyouenterpagenumbersattheendofthetemporarycitationwithoutthe"@"character,theywillstillappearinafor-
mattedin-textcitation,butEndNotewillnotbeabletomanipulatethembychangingthepageformatorbymovingthemtoadif-
ferentpositionintheformattedcitation.Theywillsimplyappear,asentered,attheendoftheformattedin-textcitation.Thisisa
perfectlyacceptablewaytoenterpagenumbersforin-textcitations(orforfootnotesformattedjustlikeyourin-textcitations).
SeeCitation
Suffixes
toseehowthisworks.Thismethodwillnotworkforcitationsinfootnotesthatareformattedasfullbib-
liographicreferencesorwithaspecialfootnoteformat.Forthosecases,youmustusethe@symboltoidentifythecitedpages
inthetemporarycitation.
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
ExamplesofModifiedCitations
Thefollowingexamplesdemonstratehowdifferentmodificationstoatemporarycitationaffectitsformattedcitationineitheran
author/yearornumberedstyle.Inthefirstcolumnisanexampleofamodifiedtemporarycitationbeforeformatting,andtothe
rightaretwoexamplesofthatcitationformattedindifferentstyles.
ExamplesofModifiedCitations
Unformatted
Citation
Formatted
withAuthor-
Date
Formatted
withNum-
bered
Comments
{Hall,#77}
(Hall)
[1]
Toremovetheyearfromthefor-
mattedcitation,simplydeleteitfrom
theunformattedcitation.
{,1988#77}
(1998)
[1]
Toremovetheauthorfromthefor-
mattedcitation,deletejustthe
author’snamefromtheunformatted
citation.Notethatthecomma
remainsinthetemporarycitationto
92
indicatetheomis-sionoftheauthor.
{#77}
Nocitation
appears
[1]
Thistemporarycitationremovesthe
authorandtheyearfromthefor-
mattedcitation.Whenformattedwith
anauthor-datestyle,thein-textcita-
tioniseliminated,butthereference
stillappearsinthebibliography.Num-
beredcitationsappearasusual.
{Hall,1988
#77p.4}
(Hall1988p.4)
[1p.4]
Toaddtextaftertheformattedcita-
tion,additaftertherecordnumberin
theunformattedcitation.Withthis
temporarycita-tion,thetextafterthe
recordnumber,includingspacesand
punctuation,isaddedtothefor-
mattedcitation.
{see\Hall,
1988#77}
(seeHall1988)
[see1]
Toaddtextbeforetheformattedcita-
tion,typethetextimme-diatelyafter
theopeningcurlybrace,andtypea
backslash"\"toseparatethetext
fromtheauthor’sname.(SeeCita-
tion
Prefixes
.
{Hall,#77,
p.4}
(Hall,p.4)
[1,p.4]
Thistemporarycitationeliminates
theyearfromtheformattedcitation,
butaddstheadditionaltext",p.4".
Typeadditionaltextaftertherecord
numberorafterathirdcommawhen
usingadditionalsearchtext.
ModifiedCitationsTable
RelatedTopics:
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Components
of
a
Temporary
Citation
Including
Semicolons
and
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Notes
About
Temporary
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
ChangingExistingCitations
EditingCitations(MicrosoftWord)
Onceyouhaveinsertedandformattedacitation,youshouldnotedititdirectly(althoughyoucandoso).Directeditsarelostthe
nexttimeEndNoteformatsthebibliography.
YoucanalmostalwaysgetEndNotetoformatyourcitationsexactlytoyourspecificationsbyeditingthestyle,theEndNoteref-
erence,orthecitation(asdescribedhere).
31
Note:AneasywaytoomittheAuthororDatefromanindividualcitationistoselectthecitation,Control+clickwithyourmouse,
selectEditCitation(s)andthenExcludeAuthororExcludeYear.
Tosafelyeditaformattedcitation:
1. Clickonthecitationyouwishtochange.
2. FromWord’sToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenu,andselectEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteEditCitation
dialog.
Allofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentarelistedintheleftcolumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitation
appearswithintext.Thelinebelowshowsthecitedreference(s).
3. Selecttheappropriatecitationfromthelistattheleftofthedialog(youcanscrollthroughallcitationsinthedocument)and
makeanyofthefollowingchangestothehighlightedcitation:
DefaultFormat:Selectthismenuoptiontodisplaythecitationandformatitasdefinedbythecurrentlyselectedoutput
style.
Displayas:Author(Year): Selectthismenuoptiontodisplayboththeauthornameandtheyearinthehighlightedcita-
tion.
Thisfeaturedoesnotapplywheneditingacitationinafootnote.
ExcludeAuthor:Selectthistoomittheauthornamefromtheformattedcitation.
ExcludeYear:Selectthistoomitthedatefromtheformattedcitation.
ShowOnlyinBibliography:Selectthisoptiontodisplaytheselectedcitationonlyinthebibliography,notinthebodyof
thepaper.
Prefix:Entertextheretoprintimmediatelybeforethecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Suffix:Entertextheretoprintafterthecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Pages:EnterpagenumbersheretoprintasCitedPages.Toprint,theCitedPagesfieldmustbelistedinthecitationtem-
plateorfootnotetemplateoftheoutputstyle.
4. Youcanaddorremovecitationsfromamultiplecitationorchangetheorderofcitations.
Insert:Usethistoaddanothercitationwithinthesamesetofdelimiters.
Remove:HighlightacitationandclickRemovetodeleteitfromthein-textcitation.
UpandDownArrows:Highlightareferenceandusethearrowstochangetheorderofdisplay. (IfaCitationSortOrder
isappliedbythecurrentoutputstyle,usingthisdialogtochangetheorderofcitationsinamultiplecitationhasnoeffect.)
5. ClickOKtoimplementyourchange(s).
Aftermakingchanges,selectFormatBibliographyto(re)formatthenewormodifiedcitationsandregeneratethebibliography.
RelatedTopics:
86
Citation
Prefixes
Citation
Suffixes
Citing
Specific
Page
Numbers
in
Footnotes
Customizing
Individual
Citations
Deleting
Citations
Examples
of
Modified
Citations
Including
Semicolons
&
Other
Citation
Delimiters
in
a
Citation
Moving
or
Copying
Citations
Omitting
Authors
or
Years
from
Citations
Typing
Citations
into
Your
Paper
Unformatting
Citations
UnformattingCitations (MicrosoftWord)
Unformattingrevertsformattedcitationstotemporarycitations,removesthebibliography,andturnsoffinstantformatting.
Ifyourcitationsareformattedinanumberedstyle,youcanunformatyourpapertoeasilyidentifycitationsasyouwork.Youcan
Format
Bibliography
againlater.
Note:Unlikeformattedcitations,unformattedcitationsrequirethatyouhavethecorrespondingEndNotelibraryopeninorderto
formatthepaperagain.UnformattingremovestheTraveling
Library
.
Tounformatcitations:
1. Determinewhichcitationsyouwanttounformat:
l
Tounformataparticularcitation,highlightonlythatcitation.
l
Ifthecitationyouwanttounformatispartofamultiplecitation,highlightthemultiplecitation.Allcitationswithinthedelim-
iters
1
willbeunformatted.
l
Tounformatasectionofthedocument,highlightthatsection.
l
Tounformattheentiredocument,eitherselectnothingorhighlighttheentiredocument.
2. FromWord’sToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandUnformatCitation(s).
Youcantellwhenapaperisunformattedbecausethecitationsappearinthetemporarycitationformat(suchas"{Smith,1999
#25}").
Unformattedcitationsaretemporaryplaceholdersthatdonotreflectfinaloutput.Youcanformatthepaperagainatanytime.To
savetheformattedpaperastext,seeRemoving
Field
Codes
.
Note:Whenyouunformatcitations,Instant
Formatting
isdisabled.Toformatyourpaper,gototheToolsmenu,thentheEnd-
NoteX6submenu,andselectFormatBibliography.FromtheFormatBibliographydialog,youcanenableInstantFormatting
againontheInstantFormattingtab.
RelatedTopics:
1
Delimitersarepunctuationmarksthatseparatesonetermorfield(oranypieceofdata)fromanother.Delimitersareusedinthecon-
textoftemporarycitationmarkers(thecurlybracesaredefaultdelimitersthatidentifythetemporarycitationsinthebodyofyourtext)
andtermlists.
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