Pdf document password Library software API .net winforms windows sharepoint final4-part1341

Final Report PDF

HTML

ONVERSION

Page 35

the meaning of the text itself it is impossible to tell whether a carriage return is forced

or a result of word wrapping.

Ultimately, when a PDF is created from a word processing or desktop publishing

package, some information is lost. Some of this information is required when

converting the page to another layout. This project has attempted to intelligently

“guess” some of this data and, based on these guesses, perform the conversion to a new

layout. Because of this, it is highly unlikely that any program to convert PDF to HTML

will ever be written to work perfectly.

5.2 Comparison with other methods

Although the results with the other converters were more accurate, the results with the

intelligent text extraction method were far better in a practical sense. Text was always

displayed at a readable size which could be resized by the user if necessary. The ability

to re-flow the text also aided on-screen reading. In all cases the converted output more

closely resembled a word processed document than the original, and one of the

suggestions given for further work is to extend the converter to convert to RTF

(Microsoft Rich Text) format.

In terms of web use, the files generated by this method are far more suitable for

publication to a web site. In order to match the appearance of an existing web site, all

that is necessary is to remove the style sheet from the header and replace it with a link

to an existing CSS file on the web site. Alternatively, to use only part of the document,

the relevant HTML can be copied out and pasted into another web page.

It is worth noting, however, that the method used here is far more complex and needs

to be written specifically for each type of page layout. While the other converters will

give acceptable results for almost any PDF document, a large number of PDFs will not

work with this method at all. There are also cases where it is preferable to preserve the

layout of the page, and use of the other method may be preferred for this very reason.

Ultimately, the choice of method depends on the source files and the intended result.

5.3 Examples of converted output

Annotated examples of the converted output are shown overleaf, together with copies

of the original PDF files. The simple layouts were converted with no command line

options; the complex layouts were converted with the -c option.

Pdf document password - C# PDF Password Library: add, remove, edit PDF file password in C#.net, ASP.NET, MVC, WinForms, WPF

Help to Improve the Security of Your PDF Document by Setting Password

pdf password security; add password to pdf file

Pdf document password - VB.NET PDF Password Library: add, remove, edit PDF file password in vb.net, ASP.NET, MVC, WinForms, WPF

Help to Improve the Security of Your PDF Document by Setting Password

pdf password; break password on pdf

Tamir Hassan

Flat 3

91VictoriaTerrace

Royal Leamington Spa

Warwickshire

CV 31 3AB

25April 2003

Recruitment Unit

Acme Bank plc

1 Canada Square

Canary Wharf

Docklands

London

E 14 1AA

Dear Sirs

Re:SummerAnalystScheme

Please find enclosed signed copies of my contract, Declaration of Personal

Interests form, Personal Details form, Medical Questionnaire and Equal

Opportunities Monitoring form.

I have spoken to Maureen Chambers regarding tax documentation and have

enclosed the P38 (Student Employeesdeclaration)andP60(EndofYear

Certificate 2002); this being the latest P60 that I have received.

Please could I ask that the P60 be returned to me, at the above address, as

soon aspossibleasIwillrequire ittoreclaimtaxfromtheInlandRevenue.

I have already provided a copy of my passport and have been advised that it

is not necessary to include it here.

IhopethatIhaveincludedallofthe required documentation and look

forward to receiving full confirmation ofyourofferofemployment.

Yours faithfully

Tamir Hassan

Encs

Page 36

PDF

HTMLC

ONVERSION

5.3.1 Simple letter example

Final Report

C# PDF Converter Library SDK to convert PDF to other file formats

NET. How to Use C#.NET XDoc.PDF Component to Convert PDF Document to Various Document and Image Forms in Visual C# .NET Application.

convert password protected pdf to excel; add password to pdf without acrobat

Online Remove password from protected PDF file

hlep protect your PDF document in C# project, XDoc.PDF provides some PDF security settings. On this page, we will talk about how to achieve this via password.

pdf open password; pdf print protection

Forced carriage returns

in the addresses have

been detected and

reproduced correctly.

Thefact that one of

the addresses was at a

different horizontal

position did not cause

any problems.

Bold text detected and

reproduced correctly

Theextraline spacesafter

both these successive lines

of text have caused the

program to interpret this

asdouble spaced text.

Thetwo lines have not

been merged into a single

paragraph as theprogram

has correctly detected

forced carriagereturns

Thelarge spaceafter

istoo

large to confuse the

line spacing detection

algorithms. Therefore

single line spacing is

assumed and

correctly positioned in

anew paragraph

Yours faithfully

Encs

New paragraphs correctly

detected and reproduced

Page 37

PDF

HTML C

ONVERSION

Final Report

C# HTML5 PDF Viewer SDK to view, annotate, create and convert PDF

in Visual Studio .NET project. Support to add password to PDF document and edit password on PDF file. Able to protect PDF document

change password on pdf file; add password to pdf online

C# PDF Library SDK to view, edit, convert, process PDF file for C#

XDoc.PDF SDK provides users secure methods to protect PDF document. C# users can set password to PDF and set PDF file permissions to protect PDF document.

pdf passwords; password on pdf file

ATaleofTwoCities

10of670

companions. In those days, travellers were very shy of

being confidential on a short notice, for anybody on the

road might be a robberor inleague with robbers. As to

the latter, whenevery posting-house and ale-house could

produce somebody in ‘the Captain’s’ pay, ranging from

the landlord to the lowest stable non-descript, it was the

likeliest thing uponthe cards. So the guard of the Dover

mail thought to himself, that Friday night in November,

one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, lumbering

upShooter’sHill, ashestood onhisownparticularperch

behindthemail,beatinghisfeet, andkeepinganeyeand a

hand on the arm-chest before him, where a loaded

blunderbuss lay at the top of six or eight loaded horse-

pistols, depositedonasubstratumofcutlass.

TheDovermailwasinitsusualgenialpositionthatthe

guard suspected the passengers, the passengers suspected

one another and the guard, they all suspected everybody

else,and thecoachmanwassure ofnothingbutthehorses;

as to which cattle he could witha clear conscience have

taken his oathon the two Testamentsthattheywere not

fitforthejourney.

‘Wo-ho!’said thecoachman. ‘So, then! One more pull

and you’re at the top and be damned to you, forI have

hadtroubleenoughto getyoutoit!—Joe!’

ATaleofTwoCities

11of670

‘Halloa!’the guardreplied.

‘Whato’clockdoyoumakeit, Joe?’

‘Tenminutes,good,pasteleven.’

‘My blood!’ ejaculated thevexed coachman, ‘and not

atop ofShooter’syet!Tst!Yah!Getonwithyou!‘

The emphatic horse, cut short bythe whip in a most

decided negative, made a decided scramble forit, and the

three other horses followed suit. Once more, the Dover

mail struggled on, with the jack-boots of its passengers

squashing along by its side. They had stopped when the

coach stopped, and they keptclose company with it. If

anyone of thethree hadhad the hardihoodtoproposeto

another to walk on a little ahead into the mist and

darkness, he would have put himself in a fair way of

gettingshotinstantlyasahighwayman.

The lastburstcarried themailtothesummitofthe hill.

The horses stopped to breathe again, and the guard got

down to skid the wheel for the descent, and open the

coach-doortoletthepassengersin.

‘Tst! Joe!’ cried the coachman in a warning voice,

lookingdownfromhisbox.

‘Whatdoyousay, Tom?’

Theybothlistened.

‘Isayahorse atacantercomingup,Joe.’

Page 38

PDF

HTMLC

ONVERSION

5.3.2 E-book example

Final Report

C# HTML5 PDF Viewer SDK to view PDF document online in C#.NET

Convert Jpeg to PDF; Merge PDF Files; Split PDF Document; Remove Password from PDF; Change PDF Permission Settings. FREE TRIAL: HOW TO:

convert password protected pdf to word; protected pdf

C# PDF Page Extract Library: copy, paste, cut PDF pages in C#.net

C#.NET Program. Free PDF document processing SDK supports PDF page extraction, copying and pasting in Visual Studio .NET project.

add password to pdf; create password protected pdf from word

Hyphenated text correctly

detected and merged,

although thisdoes not

take into account the

context of the hyphenation.

In this case the word

wasnot

hyphenated due to word

wrapping and should remain

hyphenated even when

the text is reflowed.

horse-pistols

As there is no extra gap

between paragraphs, the

paragraph recognition fails

to recognize thenew

paragraph.

Fortunately the indentation

isrecognized and preserved

so that the reader identifies

the following text as

belonging to a new

paragraph

Curly quotation marks

replaced with straight

ones and the dash isreplaced

with a spaced-out hyphen

to allowfor display on

different character sets

As the first linesof the page

areindented, the program

does not knowthe correct

margins of the text until it

hasalready processed the

indented lines. Therefore

these lines do not appear

indented in theconversion.

Indentationscorrectly

detected and handled

Header and footer correctly

detected as miscellaneous

items and moved to bottom

of page

Page 39

PDF

HTML C

ONVERSION

Final Report

VB.NET PDF File Permission Library: add, remove, update PDF file

Convert Jpeg to PDF; Merge PDF Files; Split PDF Document; Remove Password from PDF; Change PDF Permission Settings. FREE TRIAL: HOW TO:

break password pdf; pdf file password

C# PDF File Compress Library: Compress reduce PDF size in C#.net

C# Code & .NET API to Compress & Decompress PDF Document in C# Using .NET PDF Control. Easy to compress & decompress PDF document file in .NET framework.

convert password protected pdf to normal pdf online; adding password to pdf

Introduction

Thisnewsletterisintendedtobeasourceof

informationforallthoseinvolvedinthe

RegisterofEnglishFootballFacilities(REFF)

projectuntilitslaunchin2002.

REFFisanimportantpartoftherevolution

takingplaceingrassrootsinvestmentin

sportingfacilitiesinthiscountry.Bycreatinga

definitivedatabase,theFootballFoundation

willbeabletoidentifythequality,quantity,

anddemandforfacilitiesineverypartofthe

country,highlightinghotspotsandareas

whereconditionsareinadequate.

Thefindingsoftheprojectwillbemadeavailabletothe

generalpublicviaaninteractivewebsite.TheNational

GameDivisionoftheFootballAssociationwillusethe

findingstodevelopitsfuturestrategy.

FAChiefExecutiveAdamCroziersaid:

“Overthenextfiveyears,TheFAwillcontribute

£20millionayeartotheFootballFoundationfor

itscharitablework.Beforenewandimproved

communityfacilitiescanbeprovideditisessential

toknowwhatisalreadyoutthere.That’swhythis

projectissoimportant.”

TheprojectwillbefundeddirectlybytheFootball

Foundation,withthebackingofitsfundingpartnersthe

FAPremierLeague,TheFootballAssociation,Sport

EnglandandtheDCMS.Itwillprovideacomprehensive

surveyoftheestimated70,000pitchesinEnglandto

identifywhichareusedforfootballandothersports,the

numbersofgamesplayedandthequantityandqualityof

theotherfacilitiesonthesite.Thedatacompiledwilllead

tothedevelopmentofCountyFacilityStrategies,which

willenablethetargetingofpriorityareas,encouraging

multi-bidsfromlocalcouncilsandCountyFAs,getting

fundingtowhereitisneededmost.

ThedetailsprovidedintheREFFProjectwillbeavailable

on-lineformembersofthepublictofindtheirlocalsports

facilitiesandwillbeconstantlyrevisedandup-dated,

creatingacomprehensiveandfullyinclusivedatabaseso

thatfootballfacilitiescanbebetterusedforcharitable

purposes.

PeterLee,ChiefExecutiveoftheFootballFoundation,said

oftheproject:

“Forthefirsttimewewillhaveacompehensive

visionofthestateofthegrassrootsofcommunity

football.TheREFFprojectwillbetheessential

backdroptoallourworkintransformingsporting

facilitiesinourparksandschoolsforcharitable

use,enablingtheFoundationtodirectresources

intoareascryingoutforsupport.”

Theprojectisbeingdeliveredbyateamofconsultants

ledbyPricewaterhouseCoopersandalsoincluding

PMPConsultancy,anichesportsandleisuregroup

whosestaffandassociatesarebasedacrossEngland.

Moredetailsofthekeypeopleonthegroundareincluded

inthisnewsletter.

Summer2001

Headings detected

correctly

Line spacing correctly

detected, although the

text is larger (and

therfore morespaced)

than the body text

Curly quotation marks

replaced with straight

onesto allowfor

display on different

character sets

Columns output in correct order

but a new paragraph isincorrectly

inserted where the paragraph flows

fromone column to the next

Italictext correctly

detected.

Although paragraph is

indented horizontally

thisdoes not cause a

problem with the

methods for column

recognition or single-

line indentations

Heading detected

correctly and merged

into single line

Bulletsnot recognized

asthey are graphics

not symbols.

Indentation of the

paragraph, as before,

does not cause a

problem

New paragraphs

correctly detected

Forced carriage returns not always

detected; thisis not always possible.

In these two cases theline width is

approaching the text width

Bold text correctly

detected

Page 41

PDF

HTML C

ONVERSION

Final Report

Little Red Beans

DangerousFood?

BYTHE

WFP

NICARAGUA

EAM

Nicaragua

nGenara’skitcheninMatagalpa,Nicaragua,her

familyenjoysthisseason’sfirstplateoffreshred

beans.Thesuccessfulbeanharvestthisyearwas

especiallyjoyousafterexperiencingfiveyearsof

drought. MotherNaturefinallycooperatedwith

Matagalpanfarmers,andprovidedaseasonof

abundantraintoproducethefruitoftheirlabor:the

smallredbeanthatisperhapsthemostimportant

stapleoftheNicaraguandiet.

InMatagalpa,astherainscontinuetofall,Genara’s

practicedhandsshellherfamily’sfirstbusheloflittlered

beansbycandlelight.Thesebeanswilldryinthesunand

bestoredinsmallgrainsilosinsidethehousetoprovide

foodforthefamilyyear-round.Comingfrom

generationsofbeanfarmers,Genaraisusedtodealing

withtheweather,naturaldisasters,andinsectplagues

thatthreatenherharvesteachyear.

OnemightbesurprisedthatinNicaragua,acountry

wherefarmersfaceboththeharshestdroughtsand

mostdestructivefloods,agreatthreattoGenara’s

survivalasasmallfarmermaybealittleredbeanfrom

theUnitedStates. Thisbeansitsinalaboratoryat

WashingtonStateUniversity.ItsnameisRojo

Chiquito,or“littlered,”anditlooksalotlikethe

beansthatGenaragrowsinMatagalpa.

Whyisthislittleredbeansuchathreattoruralfamilies

likeGenara’s?Thebean’screator,researchgeneticist

PhilipMiklasexplains,“wereleased'RojoChiquito'...the

firstcultivardevelopedintheU.S.specificallyforthe

‘CentralAmericanSmallRed’drybeanmarketclass.

Thisbeancultivarwillbeproducedprimarilyforexport

toCentralAmerica.”Inotherwords,thislittleredbean,

onceitbecomeswidelyavailableontheglobalmarket,

couldputsmall,traditionalbeanproducerslikeGenara

outofbusiness.

TheRojoChiquito,developedinpartbytheU.S.

DepartmentofAgriculture,willgrowwellinU.S.soils,

especiallyinthePacificNorthwest.Itwasengineeredto

resistcertaindiseasesandgrowinnarrowrowsforan

increasedyield.FarmersintheUnitedStatesbenefit

fromgovernmentsubsidiesandaccesstothelatest

technology,soU.S.companieswouldbeabletoexport

thishighqualitybeancheaplyandefficiently.

TheunfairpracticeofsubsidizingU.S.farmerswhile

expandingfreetradeagreements—whichwouldrequire

LatinAmericannationstoessentiallyeliminateany

remainingagriculturalsubsidies--willlikelyallowRojo

Chiquitotoruinthelivelihoodofthousandsof

Nicaraguanfamilies.FarmersintheU.S.willbeexcited

toknowthattheyhaveapromisingnewproductandthe

possibilityofanewmarketundertheCentralAmerican

FreeTradeAgreement(CAFTA)thatwillbenegotiated

betweentheU.S.andCentralAmericainJanuary.But

whatmightthislittleredbeanmeanforthefood

securityandlivelihoodofNicaraguanfarmers?

LocalFoodSupplyInCrisis

“Thislittlebeanwillbecomethegreatestthreatthat

Nicaraguawilleverface,”commentseconomistÁlvaro

Fonseca.ThepotentialimpactsofimportingRojo

Chiquitoarehard tofathom,butitsintroductionto

theNicaraguanmarketcouldhaveadevastatingeffect

onthealreadyweaksmallfarmereconomy.

Nicaragua’sfoodsupplyislargelybasedonsmall-scale

localproductionofstaplecropslikecornandbeans.

Mostfarmersgrowcropsfortheirownconsumption,

andselltheirsurplusinlocalmarkets.Because

productionandconsumptionislocal,smallfarmers

havenotbeendependentontheinternationalmarket

todeterminetheirsuccessortheirabilitytoprovide

foodfortheirownfamilies.

Bycurrentestimates,afloodofcheap,importedbeans

couldwipeout200,000Nicaraguanfamilyfarms,

affectingnearly1.5millionpeople,aquarterofthe

population.Inacountrywheretheunderand

unemploymentrateisover60percent,financially

burdenedconsumerswillchoosethecheapestbeanson

themarket,regardlessofwhethertheyweregrowninthe

mountainsofNicaragua,orthePacificNorthwestofthe

UnitedStates.Andwhileprovidingcheaperbeansfor

impoverishedNicaraguanconsumersisagoodidea,itis

importanttoconsidertherealcostofthesesavings.

WithafloodofRojoChiquitofromsubsidizedU.S.

farms,smallfarmerslikeGenarawouldnolongerbe

abletoselltheirsurplusbeancrop toprovidefortheir

families'manyneeds.Mostlikely,theywillbeforced

to taketheadviceofneoliberaleconomists,who

wouldsuggestthatGenarafindanewcroptogrow

forexportnowthatherbeansarenolonger

profitable. Genarawouldcompeteinafreemarket,

wherealackoftradebarrierswouldsupposedlyhelp

hertoexportanewcrop,whileshebuyscheap

importedbeansfromtheUSA.

ButinorderforGenaratoswitchfrombeanfarmingto

asuccessful,differentcrop,shewouldneedfinancing,

accesstomarketinformation,technicalassistanceand

time—fourthingssmallNicaraguanfarmerscanonly

dreamofhaving. Evenifshecouldmiraculouslychange

crops—andgrow,say,cantaloupes—shewouldlikely

faceseasontradebarriersimposedbytheU.S.toprotect

theirlocalproduction.Withitsenormousnegotiating

leverage,theU.S.cankeepsuchprotectivetariffs,while

demandingcountrieslikeMexicoandNicaraguadrop

theirs. So, evenchangingcropswouldlikelydoomthis

smallfarmertofailure.

Ratherthanswitchingtoadifferentcrop,Genara

mightbemorelikelytosellherlandtoabiggerland

owner,whilesheandherfamilymovetothecity,along

withthousandsofotherlandlesscampesinos. There,

shemightfindworkintheinformaleconomyorina

textileassemblymaquila,anindustrythatexploits

Nicaragua’s“comparativeadvantage”:cheaplabor

providedbyadesperateworkforce. And,ofcourse,

anotheroptionwouldbeemigratingtoCostaRicaor

theUnitedStatesinsearchofenoughincometosend

hometosupportherfamily. Butinspiteofallthe

negativeeffectsforordinaryNicaraguanslikeGenara,

theU.S.governmentcontinuestopushtoformalize

freetradeagreementsthatwillimpactcountrieslike

Nicaraguaforyearstocome.

DoAsISay,NotAsIDo

InFebruary2002PresidentBushannouncedhisplan

toexpandfreetradethroughoutCentralAmerica

underCAFTA,asasteppingstonetothehemisphere-

wideFreeTradeAreaoftheAmericas(FTAA).

SecretaryofStateColinPowellclearlydeclaredthe

intentoftheFTAAto“assureforAmerican

corporationscontroloftheterritorythatrunsfromthe

NorthPoletotheAntarcticfreeaccesswithoutany

hindranceordifficultyforourproducts,services,

technologyandcapitalthroughthehemisphere.”1 Free

tradeagreementsseektoopenforeignmarketsby

eliminatingtariffsand“barriers”totrade,underthe

pretextoffairandequalcompetitioninopenmarkets.

WhileBushandPowellbeganpromotingCAFTAin

CentralAmerica,Congresswasbeginningtodebatethis

year'sfarmbill,whichwillgiveU.S.farmers$100billion

dollarsinsubsidiesoverthenext8years.Smallfarmers

inbothNicaraguaandtheU.S.arelosersinthecurrent

system. U.S.subsidizedagriculturedoesnotgenerally

benefitsmallU.S.farmerseither,astheyreceiveamere

16%ofallsubsidies,whiletheyhavetocompetewiththe

mega-productionofthemuchmoreheavilysubsidized

corporateagribusinesses.

Thus,U.S.-grownproducts—especiallythosefarmed

primarilyonlargecorporatefarms—suchascornand

rice, canbeexportedatartificiallydepressedpricesto

countrieslikeNicaragua.Thesepricesdonotreflectthe

realcostofproduction.“Wewouldhavetoseeifa

farmerfromthegreatprairiesoftheUnitedStatesinhis

airconditionedtractorwouldbecapableofproducing

withoutsubsidiesatthesamecostsasfarmersinthe

valleyofJalapa,Estelí,MuyMuy,orotherruralareasof

Nicaragua,”challengesÁlvaroFonseca.Asfreetrade

policiesbecomemorecomprehensiveandareexpanded

throughoutthehemisphere,inacountrywherethe

averageannualfamilyincomeisabout$430,Nicaraguan

farmerswillbeforcedtocompeteonanevenlargerscale

withU.S.farmerswhoreceivethousandsofdollarsper

yearinsubsidies.

Inthenameoffreemarketdevelopment,theUnited

StateshaspushedtoopenforeignmarketstoU.S.

exportsandinvestment.Freetradeagreementsforce

countrieslikeNicaraguatolowertariffsandtoeliminate

subsidiesandother“barriers”totrade. But,as

NicaraguaneconomistCarlosPachecopointsout,“The

attitudeoftheUnitedStatestowardsfreetradehasbeen

doasIsay,notasIdo.”

AlthoughtheU.S.pledgedtoreduceagricultural

subsidiesduringthelastroundofWorldTrade

Organizationnegotiations,therecentFarmBillflewin

thefaceofthatcommitment.Furthermore,therecent

increaserepresentsjustoneofmanythathaveoccurred

overthelastdecade,astheU.S.andotherindustrialized

nationscontinuetoincreasetheirleveloffarmsubsidies.

GiventhecloutoftheU.S.inthemajorInternational

FinancialInstitutions,andgiventhelargescaleofthe

U.S.economy,theUnitedStateshasnotbeenforcedto

keepitsownpromisesorfollowitsownrules. By

subsidizingU.S.agricultureandmaintainingsome

tariffs,theU.S.continuestoprotectitselffromthe

international“barrier-free”competitionitpromotesand

demandsofitsimpoverishedneighbors.

Genaraisthankfulthatupuntilnowherfamilyhasbeen

abletosurvivebyproducingthefoodtheyneedand

sellingsomeoftheircroptolocalmarkets.“Thisyear

willbebetterthanthelast,andrightnowthat'sallwe

canhopefor.”Smallfarmersconfrontthechallengesof

MotherNaturetoprovidefortheirfamiliesandlocal

communities.Astronglocalfoodeconomyhasallowed

smallNicaraguanfarmerstogetby,whiletheU.S.

government’sfreetradeagendathreatensthefood

securityofNicaragua,andthewholeofLatinAmerica.

WherewouldGenaraturnwithoutalocalmarketfor

herbeans?Failingfarmswillcontinuetoproducethe

massmigrationofunemployedworkerstothecities

andtotheUnited States,hopingtosupporttheir

familiesandcommunitieswiththehardwonwages

theysendhome.

Onlythestrongsurviveinexporteconomies,and

impoverishedNicaraguanfarmersarenotequipped

withthenecessarytechnology,financing,and

protectionneededduringthetransitiontoanewstyle

ofproductiontocompetewithlargereconomies.The

logicofimportingproductssuchasRojoChiquitoto

Nicaraguathatcouldbegrownlocally,puzzles

professorBayardoOrtiz.“Whybringbeansfrom

anotherplacetoreplaceourtraditionalbean?Why

don’ttheyhelpourfarmerstoplantthebeanthatour

landhasproducedforcenturies?Whywouldyoubring

themfromanotherplacewhenwehavetheseedand

thelandhere?Whydon'twegrowourownbeansso

continuedonpage9

MelindaSt.Louis

InruralNicaragua,thewholefamilyparticipatesinthecultivationofredbeans.

1“OtraAméricaesPosible.”CentrodeEstudiosInternacionales. Managua,Nicaragua. 2002.

Thislittlebeanwillbecome

thegreatestthreatthat

Nicaraguawilleverface.

–economistAlvaroFonseca

Colombia

U.S.MilitaryForceinColombia

ProtectingOilInterests

BYTHEWFPCOLOMBIA TEAM

continued onpage10

nthe provinceof AraucaintheNortheasterncorner

ofColombia wherethe Orinoco Riverdrainsthe

jungle plains,U.S.SpecialForcestrainColombian

soldiers inthecraftof counterinsurgencywar.It’snot

thefirsttimethatU.S.soldiershave instructedtheir

Colombiancounterparts.Only thistime the focus isn’t

comb atingdrug trafficking.

U.S.Ambassadorto Colombia,Anne Patterson,explains

growingUSinterestintheregion:“To speak frankly,

afterSeptember11th,theissue ofoilsecurity has

become apriorityfortheUnitedStates…Thisis

somethingwemust do.It’simportantforour oilsources

andthe co nfidenceofour investors.”

Deepwithinthe subso iloftherichOrinoco basinare

some ofColombia’s largestoilreserves.Since1985

OccidentalPetroleumof LosAngeles hasbeenoperating

over200wellsintheCañoLimónfield,atone time the

largestoilfieldinColombia,throughapartnershipwith

theColombianstate-ownedoilcompany,Ecopetrol.In

ordertotransportthe oilfro mthefields inAraucatothe

Caribbeancoastwhereitcanbe refinedandcheaply

exportedto theUS,itmustbepumpedthrougha 470

milelongpipelinecrossing the jungle,upandoverthe

Andes,downthecoastallowlands,andfinally to theport

atCoveñas.

Weavingits waythroughregionsofintense conflict,the

Caño Limón-Coveñas pipeline is the targetoffrequent

guerrillaattacks.Recentlythe guerrillas haveintensified

theircampaigntodisablethe pipeline,culminating last

yearinarecord170 attacks.By blowingupthepipeline

theguerrillasstrikeone ofCo lombia’s mostimportant

resourcesandincrease theirleveragetoextortOccidental

andother multinationalsoperatinginthe region.

Citing the UnitedStates’increasedneedforsecure oil

sources,lastwintertheBushAdministrationannounced

aproposaltotheUSCongressto initiate aprotection

planspecifically forthe Caño Limón-Coveñaspipeline.

The pro posalwouldsendnearly $100milliontobolster

theColombianArmybrigadesincharge ofsafeguarding

thepipeline.Theplanprovidestrainingandequipment

to theexisting18thBrigadeandto thenewlyformed5th

MobileBrigade.TheBushAdministrationmanagedto

pushthrougha$6 millio n“jumpstart” for the pipeline

protection plan this last summer,and in late Octo o ber

U.S.GreenBeretsstartedtraining Colomb iansoldiers

fromthe18thBrigade.

Operating atmaximumlevels,thepipeline iso nly able

to provideone halfo fonepercentof totaloil

consumptionintheUnitedStates.Thisalone doesnot

seem to meritthe$98 millioninvestmentthatthe

BushAdministrationwants to putintoprotectingthe

pipeline.However,between1995 and2000Occidental,

who co-owns the pipeline,spent$1.5 millionin

congressio nalandpresidentialcampaigncontributions

andanother $8.7 millioninlobbying efforts,primarily

regardingColombia.

Until2000,theColombianTaxCodeincludeda wartax

to bepaidbyforeignoilcompaniesoperating in

Colombia.Thetaxrequiredoilcompanies to pay$1.25

perbarrelof oilproduced.Interestingly,itwas the U.S.

government,throughtheOfficeof the U.S.TradeRepre-

sentative,whichcalledforthe Colo mbiangovernmentto

eliminate thispolicy. Complaining thatthe Colombian

government“hasnottakenstepstomake[oilo perating

fields]moreprofitable to investo rs,”in1996 theOffice of

the U.S.Trade Representative urgedCo lombia to

withdrawthe“wartax”becauseit“actsasaneconomic

disincentive”to foreigninvestment.

Today the U.S.government,after lobbyingthe

Colo mbiangovernmentto remove wartaxes on

multinationaloilcorporations,iscallingonU.S.

taxpayers to paytheminstead.Infact,notonlywould

U.S.citizensbecalledonto assumeOccidental’ssecurity

costs,but,inaddition,rather thana$1.25per barrel

security tax,theBushAdministrationwouldhave U.S.

taxpayers paya$3.70subsidyforeverybarrel.Occidental

itselfpaysonly50 centsper barrelforsecurity even

thoughitpostedanetincomeofmorethan$1.1billion

in2001.

Clo se examinationofthepotential l recipientsof this

aidandthe dangerinherentto anyU.S.military

involvementinColombia revealsthatto sendthis

money wouldbea grave error.

Due to theirhistoricinvolvementinhumanrights

violationsandcollaborationwithillegalarmedactors,

ColombianArmedForcesunits that receive military

aidfromthe UnitedStatesmustmeetasetofthree

conditions.Theseconditions,whenenforced,ensure

thatifColombianArmy forceshavecollaboratedwith

the paramilitary orhave co mmittedgrossviolationsof

humanrights they will notreceivemilitary aidfrom

the UnitedStates.

Theprimary paramilitaryforce,the UnitedSelfDefense

ForcesofColombia(AUC),hasbeenincludedonthe list

ofU.SState Department-designatedForeignTerrorist

Organizations for itsconsistentandbrutalvio lations of

humanrights;estimatedtobe approximately70%of all

violationsinColombiaduring2001.

Itistheo pinionofmanyhumanrightsorganizations

includingWitnessforPeace,thatthe18thBrigadefails

to meet at leastone ofthethreeconditions andshould

therefo re beineligible to receivemilitaryaidfromthe

UnitedStates,includingany aidunder the pipeline

protectionplan.Theconditio nstatesthatthemilitary

mustbe actively severinglink sto theparamilitary

groups.There is noindicationthat the commandersof

the 18thBrigadearesevering links,andinfactan

ab undanceof evidence indicates co ntinued

collab orationb etweenthe18thBrigade andtheAUC

paramilitary block operating inthearea.

Recently,WitnessforPeacedocumentedColombian

armymovementsapparently coo rdinatedwiththeAUC.

UribeConsolidatesPower

“You havesetup averyeffectiveexample ofth eway weneed to goo ntofigh tandto defeatterrorism,”Colombian

presidentAlvaroUribetold GeorgeBush in arecent meeting at the OvalOffice.Uribe’scommentscameinrespon se to

Bush’sassertion that,“Theonlypathtopeaceand security isthepath ofaction.”

Bush’scallto“action” hasnotgone unheed ed byhisColombian co unterpart.

In May Colombianselected apresidentwhocampaigned ona“firmhand anda big heart.”So fartherehasbeenn o

signof abigheart.Sin n ce hisAugust7th inauguration,Uribe’slistofactionsreflectsthemodelthatBush hasestablished

in the U.S.Uribehas declared a“state ofpublicun rest” thataffordshimsignificantlygreaterexecutivepowersand

reducescongression alauthority.BypresidentialdecreeUribeann ounced that state securityforces may,without

warrant,searchand seizeprivateproperty,tap communication sdevices,and detaincivilians.In certain areaso fthe

cou ntry,denoted Rehabilitationand Consolidation Zones,theColombian Presidentauth orizes amilitarycommander

to su percedetheauthorityofthelocalgovernors,mayors an dtown councilmembersinissuespertainingtothe

operations ofthe statesecurity forces.Th enewgovernmentalsoh as senta clearmessagetotheinternational

communityworking forp eaceinColombia.In the firstmonthand ahalf,ad ozen Spanish and Canadiancitizens have

been deported,three Belgian shave beendetained,andColombian consulates in th eexterior have refused visasto

chu rch an dNGOrepresentatives.

Thecentralargument ofthe Uribe Administrationisthatth enewmeasures areessentialto ensure avictoryoverthe

illegalarmedgroups.Yet,Colombiananalystsclaimtheywilld olittletocurb the action softheillegalarmed grou ps

an dinsteadwilljeopardized emocracy andsacrificecivilliberties.GustavoGalló noftheColombian Commission of

Juristscallsthestateofpublic unrest“cowardly,u seless,anddangerous.”“Itdoesn’tconfron tthe combatants,but

instead [itconfronts]thecivilpopulation…opening upColombians’homesto theArmed Forces.”

These newmeasures have already affectedgroupsworking forp eaceinthe coun try.At4:45on the morningof October

25th,forty members ofthe JudicialPolice,the ColombianArmyand the DepartmentofSecurityraided and searched

the officesofthePerman ent Assembly forPeaceinBogotá.Thiscoalitionh as been workingforsix yearstobrin gpeace

to Colombia.Witn essforPeaceregularlyp articipatesinthePerman entAssembly’s meetings.Thesearch oftheiroffices

wastragicand gainedmuch mediaattention –whatdidn’tgain mediaattention weretheover200 raidsofhomesin

Bogotá’spoorneighborho odsth at sameweek.

US GovernmentreactiontoUribe’smeasureshasbeen supportive.Whenaskedwh ethertheUSGovernmentsu pports

Uribe’sn ationalsecurityplan,MarcGro ssman ,UndersecretaryofState forPoliticalAffairs,responded,“I imagine

Colombianswillusethison CapitolHillto showtheyaredefend ing theirown democracyand wewillsupportthat.”

Above:OneofOccidental'sprocessingfacilitiesinCañoLimon. Below:Bombedpipeline,2002.

TwoPhotos:JessHunter

Page 42

PDF

HTMLC

ONVERSION

5.3.4 Complexnewsletter example

Final Report

Page 43

PDF

HTML C

ONVERSION

Final Report

Notes

1. Titlesdetected correctly. As the converter does not distinguish between different heading levels,

the same style is used for both headings

2. Dropped capital detected and handled correctly

3. This quotation is included in between the paragraphs, just like in the original. For on-screen

reading it is usually more appropriate to include the quotation elsewhere on the page.

4. As this text uses a Multiple Master font it has not been possible to detect it as bold. This is

described in detail in section 4.5.2

5. The footnote and picture caption have not been detected as miscellaneous items as they are very

close to the main text

6. These miscellaneous items have been correctly detected and handled

7. As the space between this text blockand the previoustext blockcoincide with the space between

each column, part of the text hasbeen incorrectly detected as belonging to the next column

8. Despite there being very little extra spacing between paragraphs, these paragraphs have been

correctly detected and handled

9. This sub-article caused problems asit spans over 2 columns. It is included after the first column

of the first article and followed by the remaining columns

PDF

HTML

ONVERSION

Final Report

Page 44

6 Conclusion

Overall, this project has led to the successful design and implementation of a piece of

software to convert PDF files to HTML. After investigating the existing solutions to

the problem it was found that they were mostly based upon the original aim of

preserving page layout. This method was found to have a large number of drawbacks,

and there seemed little advantage in simply repeating this work.

It was therefore decided to reject the original aim of the project and to use a new

method, intelligent text extraction, to perform the conversion. As this is a far more

complex approach, many of the initial objectives, and some of the modified objectives

stated in the Progress Report, have not been fulfilled.

Implementation of this approach has shown that the results, although less accurate, are

more practical for on-screen viewing, and far more suitable for inclusion into an

existing web site.

The resulting program is a useful tool for anyone who wishes to extract text from PDF

files, and gives good results for simple and moderately-complex documents. It also

serves as a good starting point for anyone wishing to develop further work on this topic

in an academic or commercial environment.

6.1 Limitation of the implementation

This implementation looks solely at the text elements in the page. It does not convert

graphics, or use any graphical information to obtain information about how the page is

structured.

Given the imposed time constraints, the implementation centred around reproducing

the features in the four PDF files listed in Section 3.3. Certain page features, such as

tables, have not been covered. While the program will work with other PDF files, these

features will not be converted properly.

6.2 Author’s assessment of the project

What is the technical contribution of this project?

The work carried out in this project was to design and develop a piece of software to

convert PDF files into HTML format. This was begun by investigating and analysing

Documents you may be interested