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If you’re eligible for benefits on more than one work
record, such as your own and your spouse’s, you generally
receive the higher benefit amount. When you apply for
benefits, the Social Security representative can determine
the benefits you are eligible to receive.
If you’re eligible for a spouse’s or divorced spouse’s
benefit and your own retirement benefit, we will pay your
retirement benefit first. If the benefit on your spouse’s or ex-
spouse’s record is higher, you will get an additional amount
on your spouse’s record so that the combination of benefits
equals that higher amount.
If your spouse works past full retirement age and doesn’t
collect Social Security benefits, you can still retire and get
benefits based on your own work. Then, when your spouse
does retire, you can receive benefits on your spouse’s record
if they’re higher. You do not have to wait for your ex-spouse
to retire to receive benefits on his or her record if you have
been divorced for two years.
If you were born January 2, 1954 or later, once you file
for your retirement benefit, you have effectively filed for
additional benefits payable as a spouse or divorced spouse
in the first month you qualify for the higher benefit. If your
spouse or ex-spouse is deceased, you can choose which
benefit to apply for now or choose to postpone filing for
either benefit until you reach full retirement age.
If you were born before January 2, 1954 and you’ve
reached your full retirement age, and you’re eligible for
a spouse’s or divorced spouse’s benefit and your own
retirement benefit, you may choose to receive only the
spousal benefit and delay receiving your retirement benefit
until a later date. If you were born January 2, 1954 or later,
the option to take only one benefit at full retirement age no
longer exists. If you file for one benefit, you are effectively
filing for all retirement or spousal benefits.
For more information on retirement, visit
www.socialsecurity.gov/planners or ask for Retirement
Benefits (Publication No. 05-10035).
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You’ll have Medicare coverage in addition to Social
Security benefits if you’re eligible for benefits on either your
own record or your spouse’s record. You’ll have Medicare
hospital insurance (Part A) protection at age 65, and you’ll
have the opportunity to buy Medicare medical insurance
(Part B) for a monthly premium. You can also enroll in a
Medicare Advantage Plan (Part C) and a Medicare
prescription drug plan (Part D). If you aren’t eligible for
benefits and if you don’t have enough credits, you can pay a
monthly premium to buy Medicare coverage. For more
information, ask for Medicare (Publication No. 05-10043).
If you become disabled
If you become disabled, you may be able to get disability
benefits if you’ve worked long enough and recently enough
under Social Security. The amount of work you need
increases with age. You need credit for one and one-half
years of work out of the past three years if you become
disabled before age 24, and up to five out of the last 10 years
if you become disabled at age 31 or older. Some women
lose their disability coverage when they move in and out of
the workforce and, as a result, don’t meet the recent work
requirement. If you need help figuring out how much work
you need to maintain your disability coverage, call your
local Social Security office.
You will be considered disabled if you can’t do the work
you did before and we decide you can’t adjust to other work
because of your medical condition(s). Your disability also
must last, or be expected to last, for at least a year or to
result in death. After you receive disability payments for 24
consecutive months, you’ll also have Medicare protection.
Military service members can receive expedited
processing of disability claims from Social Security. Social
Security benefits are different from those available through
the Department of Veterans Affairs and require a separate
application. We use an expedited process for military
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service members who became disabled while on active
military service on or after October 1, 2001, regardless of
where the disability occurs.
For more information on disability programs, visit
www.socialsecurity.gov/disability or ask for Disability
Benefits (Publication No. 05-10029).
For more information on disability benefits for wounded
warriors, visit www.socialsecurity.gov/woundedwarriors
or ask for Disability Benefits for Wounded Warriors
(Publication No. 05-10030).
When you’re ready to apply
Online services
You can apply for Social Security retirement, disability,
Medicare, or spouse’s benefits, or any combination of those
benefits online. You’ll complete and sign the application
electronically. We’ll let you know which benefits you are
entitled to after we receive your application.
Electronic payments
You may receive your benefits through direct deposit,
a Direct Express
®
card, or an electronic transfer account.
These electronic options provide simple, safe, and secure
ways to receive your benefits. For more information about
these options, please visit www.godirect.org or call
1-800-333-1795.
When you apply for benefits, have your checkbook or
banking account statement on hand if you want direct
deposit. We need that information to deposit your benefit
into your account correctly.
Benefits for your family
When you start receiving Social Security retirement
or disability benefits, other family members also may be
eligible for payments. For example, benefits can be paid to
your spouse:
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• If your spouse is age 62 or older; or
• At any age, if your spouse is caring for your child (the
child must be younger than age 16 or be must disabled
and receiving Social Security benefits on your record).
We also can pay benefits to your unmarried children if
they’re:
• Younger than age 18;
• Between age 18 and age 19, but in elementary or
secondary school as full-time students; or
• Age 18 or older and severely disabled (the disability must
have started before age 22).
When you die
When you die, your family may be eligible for benefits
based on your work.
Family members who can collect benefits include a
surviving spouse who is:
• Age 60 or older; or
• Age 50 or older and disabled; or
• Any age, if your surviving spouse is caring for your
child who is younger than age 16, or who is disabled and
receiving Social Security benefits.
Your children can receive benefits, too, if they’re
unmarried and:
• Younger than age 18; or
• Between age 18 and age 19, but in an elementary or
secondary school as full-time students; or
• Age 18 or older and severely disabled (the disability must
have started before age 22).
Additionally, your parents can receive benefits on your
earnings if they were dependent on you for at least half of
their support.
If you had enough credits, we’ll also make a one-time
payment of $255 after your death. We may pay this benefit
to your surviving spouse or minor children if they meet
certain requirements.
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For more information, ask for Survivors Benefits
(Publication No. 05-10084).
If you have income from
a government pension
If you worked at a job through which you didn’t pay
Social Security taxes, two laws may affect your Social
Security benefits.
• The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) affects the way
your Social Security retirement or disability benefits are
figured. This provision applies to you only if you receive
Social Security benefits based on your own earnings, and if
you are receiving the other pension.
• Government Pension Offset (GPO) affects only the
Social Security benefits you could receive based on your
spouse’s earnings.
For more information about the WEP, GPO,
and WEP and GPO online calculators, visit
www.socialsecurity.gov/gpo-wep. Benefit calculators
also are available at www.socialsecurity.gov/planners/
calculators.htm. You also can ask for Windfall Elimination
Provision (Publication No. 05-10045) and Government
Pension Offset (Publication No. 05-10007).
If you haven’t worked or if you don’t
have enough Social Security credits
If you haven’t worked or if you don’t have enough Social
Security credits, and you’re married, you may be eligible for
Social Security benefits as a result of your spouse’s work.
You and your children (younger than age 18 or younger than
age 19 if still in secondary school or disabled before age
22) have Social Security protection through your spouse’s
work. When your spouse retires, or if your spouse becomes
disabled, you could be eligible for benefits as early as age 62.
If you’re caring for your child who is younger than age 16,
or who is disabled and entitled to benefits, you could receive
benefits at any age.
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If you choose to begin receiving spouse’s benefits
before you reach full retirement age, your benefit amount
will be reduced and won’t increase when you reach full
retirement age. If you wait until you reach full retirement
age, you’ll receive the maximum benefit, which is up to
half of the amount your spouse is entitled to receive at full
retirement age.
You and your spouse will be eligible for Medicare at age 65.
If you become a widow
If your spouse dies, you can get widow’s benefits if
you’re age 60 or older. If you’re disabled, you can get
widow’s benefits as early as age 50. Your benefit amount
will depend on your age and on the amount your deceased
spouse was entitled to at the time of death. If your spouse
was receiving reduced benefits, your survivor benefit will
be based on that amount.
If you’re a widow with children, you may be eligible for
a widow’s benefit at any age when you’re caring for a child
who is younger than 16, or who is disabled and entitled
to benefits. As a widow, you also may be eligible for
Medicare at age 65.
If you remarry before you reach age 60 (or age 50 if
disabled), you can’t receive widow’s benefits as long as
that marriage remains in effect. If you remarry after you
reach age 60 (or age 50 if disabled), you’ll continue to
receive benefits on your deceased spouse’s Social Security
record. However, if your current spouse is a Social Security
beneficiary, you should apply for a spouse’s benefit if it would
be larger than your widow’s benefit. You can’t get both.
If you’re also entitled to retirement benefits based on
your own work, you have other options. Ask a Social
Security representative to explain the options, so you can
decide which would be best for you.
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If you’re divorced
If you’ve never asked Social Security about receiving
benefits based on your ex-spouse’s work, you should. Many
women get a higher benefit based on their ex-spouse’s work,
especially if that spouse is deceased. When you apply, you’ll
need to give your spouse’s Social Security number. If you
don’t know your spouse’s number, you’ll need to provide
your spouse’s date and place of birth and your spouse’s
parents’ names.
The following requirements also apply to your divorced
spouse if your ex-spouse’s eligibility for benefits is based on
your work.
If your ex-spouse is living
If you’re divorced, you can receive benefits based on your
ex-spouse’s work if
• Your marriage lasted 10 years or longer;
• You’re unmarried;
• You’re age 62 or older;
• The benefit you’re entitled to receive based on your own
work is less than the benefits you’d receive based on your
spouse’s work; and
• Your ex-spouse is entitled to Social Security retirement or
disability benefits.
If your spouse hasn’t applied for benefits, but can qualify
for them and is age 62 or older, you can receive benefits on
your ex-spouse’s work if you’ve been divorced for at least
two years.
NOTE: Former spouses who are full retirement age may
both file on each other’s record and postpone applying on
their own to earn delayed retirement credits.
Documents you may be interested
Documents you may be interested
