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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

117

Enter values into the fields and then click Submit.

Close the browser.

Return to the project and refresh the view.

Open the data.txt file. The data you submitted in the form is in the file.

Close the data.txt file.

Appending Data to an Existing File

In the previous example, you used

WriteAllText

to create a text file that's got just one piece of data in

it. If you call the method again and pass it the same file name, the existing file is completely overwritten.

However, after you've created a file you often want to add new data to the end of the file. You can do

that using the

AppendAllText

method of the

File

object.

In the website, make a copy of the UserData.cshtml file and name the copy

UserDataMultiple.cshtml.

Replace the code block before the opening

<!DOCTYPE html>

tag with the following code block:

var result = "";

if (IsPost)

{

var firstName = Request["FirstName"];

var lastName = Request["LastName"];

var email = Request["Email"];

var userData = firstName + "," + lastName +

"," + email + Environment.NewLine;

var dataFile = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/data.txt");

File.AppendAllText (@dataFile, userData);

result = "Information saved.";

}

This code has one change in it from the previous example. Instead of using

WriteAllText

, it uses

the AppendAllText

method. The methods are similar, except that

AppendAllText

adds the data

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

118

to the end of the file. As with

WriteAllText

AppendAllText

creates the file if it doesn't already

exist.

Run the page in a browser.

Enter values for the fields and then click Submit.

Add more data and submit the form again.

Return to your project, right-click the project folder, and then click Refresh.

Open the data.txt file. It now contains the new data that you just entered.

Reading and Displaying Data from a File

Even if you don't need to write data to a text file, you'll probably sometimes need to read data from

one. To do this, you can again use the

File

object. You can use the

File

object to read each line

individually (separated by line breaks) or to read individual item no matter how they're separated.

This procedure shows you how to read and display the data that you created in the previous example.

At the root of your website, create a new file named DisplayData.cshtml.

Replace the existing code with the following:

var result = "";

Array userData = null;

char[] delimiterChar = {','};

var dataFile = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/data.txt");

if (File.Exists(dataFile)) {

userData = File.ReadAllLines(dataFile);

if (userData == null) {

// Empty file.

result = "The file is empty.";

}

else {

// File does not exist.

result = "The file does not exist.";

}

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

119

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Reading Data from a File</title>

</head>

<body>

<div>

<h1>Reading Data from a File</h1>

@result

@if (result == "") {

<ol>

@foreach (string dataLine in userData) {

<li>

User

<ul>

@foreach (string dataItem in dataLine.Split(delimiterChar)) {

<li>@dataItem</li >

}

</ul>

</li>

}

</ol>

}

</div>

</body>

</html>

The code starts by reading the file that you created in the previous example into a variable

named

userData

, using this method call:

File.ReadAllLines(dataFile)

The code to do this is inside an

statement. When you want to read a file, it's a good idea to

use the

File.Exists

method to determine first whether the file is available. The code also

checks whether the file is empty.

The body of the page contains two

foreach

loops, one nested inside the other. The outer

foreach

loop gets one line at a time from the data file. In this case, the lines are defined by line

breaks in the file — that is, each data item is on its own line. The outer loop creates a new item

(

<li>

element) inside an ordered list (

<ol>

element).

The inner loop splits each data line into items (fields) using a comma as a delimiter. (Based on

the previous example, this means that each line contains three fields — the first name, last

name, and email address, each separated by a comma.) The inner loop also creates a

<ul>

list

and displays one list item for each field in the data line.

The code illustrates how to use two data types, an array and the

char

data type. The array is

required because the

File.ReadAllLines

method returns data as an array. The

char

data type is

required because the

Split

method returns an

array

in which each element is of the type

char

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

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(For information about arrays, see Chapter 2 - Introduction to ASP.NET Web Programming Using

the Razor Syntax.)

Run the page in a browser. The data you entered for the previous examples is displayed.

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file). When you do, the file is saved in plain text, not in Excel format. Each row in the spreadsheet is

separated by a line break in the text file, and each data item is separated by a comma. You can use the

code shown in the previous example to read an Excel comma-delimited file just by changing the name of

the data file in your code.

Deleting Files

To delete files from your website, you can use the

File.Delete

method. This procedure shows how to

let users delete an image (.jpg file) from an images folder if they know the name of the file.

Important In a production website, you typically restrict who's allowed to make changes to the

data. For information about how to set up membership and about ways to authorize users to

perform tasks on the site, see Chapter 16 - Adding Security and Membership.

In the website, create a subfolder named images.

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

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121

Copy one or more .jpg files into the images folder.

In the root of the website, create a new file named FileDelete.cshtml.

Replace the default markup and code with the following:

bool deleteSuccess = false;

var photoName = "";

if (IsPost) {

photoName = Request["photoFileName"] + ".jpg";

var fullPath = Server.MapPath("~/images/" + photoName);

if (File.Exists(fullPath))

{

File.Delete(fullPath);

deleteSuccess = true;

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Delete a Photo</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Delete a Photo from the Site</h1>

<p>File name of image to delete (without .jpg extension):

</p>

</form>

@if(deleteSuccess) {

<p>

@photoName deleted!

</p>

}

</body>

</html>

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

122

This page contains a form where users can enter the name of an image file. They don't enter the

.jpg file-name extension; by restricting the file name like this, you help prevents users from

deleting arbitrary files on your site.

The code reads the file name that the user has entered and then constructs a complete path. To

create the path, the code uses the current website path (as returned by the

Server.MapPath

method), the images folder name, the name that the user has provided, and ".jpg" as a literal

string.

To delete the file, the code calls the

File.Delete

method, passing it the full path that you just

constructed. At the end of the markup, code displays a confirmation message that the file was

deleted.

Run the page in a browser.

Enter the name of the file to delete and then click Submit. If the file was deleted, the name of

the file is displayed at the bottom of the page.

Letting Users Upload a File

The

FileUpload

helper lets users upload files to your website. The procedure below shows you how to

let users upload a single file.

Add the ASP.NET Web Helpers Library to your website as described in Chapter 1 - Getting

Started with ASP.NET Web Pages, if you didn't add it previously.

In the App_Data folder, create a new a folder and name it UploadedFiles.

In the root, create a new file named FileUpload.cshtml.

Replace the default markup and code in the page with the following:

var fileName = "";

if (IsPost) {

var fileSavePath = "";

var uploadedFile = Request.Files[0];

fileName = Path.GetFileName(uploadedFile.FileName);

fileSavePath = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/UploadedFiles/" +

fileName);

uploadedFile.SaveAs(fileSavePath);

}

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

123

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>FileUpload - Single-File Example</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>FileUpload - Single-File Example</h1>

@FileUpload.GetHtml(

initialNumberOfFiles:1,

allowMoreFilesToBeAdded:false,

includeFormTag:true,

uploadText:"Upload")

@if (IsPost) {

<span>File uploaded!</span><br/>

}

</body>

</html>

The body portion of the page uses the

FileUpload

helper to create the upload box and buttons

that you're probably familiar with:

The properties that you set for the

FileUpload

helper specify that you want a single box for the

file to upload and that you want the submit button to read Upload. (You'll add more boxes later

in the chapter.)

When the user clicks Upload, the code at the top of the page gets the file and saves it. The

Request

object that you normally use to get values from form fields also has a

Files

array that

contains the file (or files) that have been uploaded. You can get individual files out of specific

positions in the array — for example, to get the first uploaded file, you get

Request.Files[0]

, to

get the second file, you get

Request.Files[1]

, and so on. (Remember that in programming,

counting usually starts at zero.)

When you fetch an uploaded file, you put it in a variable (here,

uploadedFile

) so that you can

manipulate it. To determine the name of the uploaded file, you just get its

FileName

property.

However, when the user uploads a file,

FileName

contains the user's original name, which

includes the entire path. It might look like this:

C:\Users\Public\Sample.txt

You don't want all that path information, though, because that's the path on the user's

computer, not for your server. You just want the actual file name (Sample.txt). You can strip out

just the file from a path by using the

Path.GetFileName

method, like this:

Path.GetFileName(uploadedFile.FileName)

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

124

The

Path

object is a utility that has a number of methods like this that you can use to strip paths,

combine paths, and so on.

Once you've gotten the name of the uploaded file, you can build a new path for where you want

to store the uploaded file in your website. In this case, you combine

Server.MapPath

, the folder

names (App_Data/UploadedFiles), and the newly stripped file name to create a new path. You

can then call the uploaded file's

SaveAs

method to actually save the file.

Run the page in a browser.

Click Browse and then select a file to upload.

The text box next to the Browse button will contain the path and file location.

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

125

Click Upload.

In the website, right-click the project folder and then click Refresh.

Open the UploadedFiles folder. The file that you uploaded is in the folder.

Letting Users Upload Multiple Files

In the previous example, you let users upload one file. But you can use the

FileUpload

helper to upload

more than one file at a time. This is handy for scenarios like uploading photos, where uploading one file

at a time is tedious. (You can read about uploading photos in Chapter 9 - Working with Images.) This

example shows how to let users upload two at a time, although you can use the same technique to

upload more than that.

Add the ASP.NET Web Helpers Library to your website as described in Chapter 1 - Getting

Started with ASP.NET Web Pages, if you haven't already.

Create a new page named FileUploadMultiple.cshtml.

Replace the default markup and code in the page with the following:

var message = "";

if (IsPost) {

var fileName = "";

var fileSavePath = "";

int numFiles = Request.Files.Count;

int uploadedCount = 0;

for(int i =0; i < numFiles; i++) {

var uploadedFile = Request.Files[i];

if (uploadedFile.ContentLength > 0) {

fileName = Path.GetFileName(uploadedFile.FileName);

fileSavePath = Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/UploadedFiles/" +

fileName);

uploadedFile.SaveAs(fileSavePath);

uploadedCount++;

}

message = "File upload complete. Total files uploaded: " +

uploadedCount.ToString();

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 8 – Working with Files

126

<head><title>FileUpload - Multiple File Example</title></head>

<body>

<form id="myForm" method="post"

enctype="multipart/form-data"

action="">

<div>

<h1>File Upload - Multiple-File Example</h1>

@if (!IsPost) {

@FileUpload.GetHtml(

initialNumberOfFiles:2,

allowMoreFilesToBeAdded:true,

includeFormTag:true,

addText:"Add another file",

uploadText:"Upload")

}

<span>@message</span>

</div>

</form>

</body>

</html>

In this example, the

FileUpload

helper in the body of the page is configured to let users upload

two files by default. Because

allowMoreFilesToBeAdded

is set to

true

, the helper renders a link

that lets user add more upload boxes:

To process the files that the user uploads, the code uses the same basic technique that you used

in the previous example — get a file from

Request.Files

and then save it. (Including the various

things you need to do to get the right file name and path.) The innovation this time is that the

user might be uploading multiple files and you don't know many. To find out, you can get

Request.Files.Count

With this number in hand, you can loop through

Request.Files

, fetch each file in turn, and save

it. When you want to loop a known number of times through a collection, you can use a

for

loop, like this:

for(int i =0; i < numFiles; i++) {

var uploadedFile = Request.Files[i];

if (uploadedFile.ContentLength > 0) {

fileName = Path.GetFileName(uploadedFile.FileName);

// etc.

}

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