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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 5 – Working with Data

The code runs a SQL statement that deletes the specified record and then redirects the user

back to the listing page.

Run ListProductsForDelete.cshtml in a browser.

Click the Delete link for one of the products. The DeleteProduct.cshtml page is displayed to

confirm that you want to delete that record.

Click the Delete button. The product record is deleted and the page is refreshed with an

updated product listing.

Connecting to a Database

You can connect to a database in two ways. The first is to use the

Database.Open

method and to specify

the name of the database file (less the .sdf extension):

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery");

The

Open

method assumes that the .sdf file is in the website’s App_Data folder. This folder is designed

specifically for holding data. For example, it has appropriate permissions to allow the website to read

and write data, and as a security measure, WebMatrix does not allow access to files from this folder.

The second way is to use a connection string. A connection string contains information about how to

connect to a database. This can include a file path, or it can include the name of a SQL Server database

on a local or remote server, along with a user name and password to connect to that server. (If you keep

data in a centrally managed version of SQL Server, such as on a hosting provider's site, you always use a

connection string to specify the database connection information.)

In WebMatrix, connection strings are usually stored in an XML file named Web.config. As the name

implies, you can use a Web.config file in the root of your website to store the site's configuration

information, including any connection strings that your site might require. An example of a connection

string in a Web.config file might look like the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<add

name="SQLServerConnectionString"

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 5 – Working with Data

connectionString= "server=myServer;database=myDatabase;uid=username;pwd=password"

providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

</connectionStrings>

</configuration>

In the example, the connection string points to a database in an instance of SQL Server that's running on

a server somewhere (as opposed to a local .sdf file). You would need to substitute the appropriate

names for

myServer

and

myDatabase

, and specify SQL Server login values for

username

and

password

. (The

username and password values are not necessarily the same as your Windows credentials or as the

values that your hosting provider has given you for logging in to their servers. Check with the

administrator for the exact values you need.)

The

Database.Open

method is flexible, because it lets you pass either the name of a database .sdf file or

the name of a connection string that's stored in the Web.config file. The following example shows how

to connect to the database using the connection string illustrated in the previous example:

var db = Database.Open("SQLServerConnectionString");

}

As noted, the

Database.Open

method lets you pass either a database name or a connection string, and

it'll figure out which to use. This is very useful when you deploy (publish) your website. You can use an

.sdf file in the App_Data folder when you're developing and testing your site. Then when you move your

site to a production server, you can use a connection string in the Web.config file that has the same

name as your .sdf file but that points to the hosting provider's database — all without having to change

your code.

Finally, if you want to work directly with a connection string, you can call the

Database.OpenConnectionString

method and pass it the actual connection string instead of just the

name of one in the Web.config file. This might be useful in situations where for some reason you don't

have access to the connection string (or values in it, such as the .sdf file name) until the page is running.

However, for most scenarios, you can use

Database.Open

as described in this chapter.

Additional Resources



SQL Server Compact



Connecting to a SQL Server or MySQL Database in WebMatrix

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

Chapter 6

–

Displaying Data in a Grid

This chapter explains how to use a helper to display data in an HTML table (in a grid).

What you'll learn:



How to display data in a web page using the

WebGrid

helper.



How to format the data that's displayed in the grid.



How to add paging to the grid.

These are the ASP.NET programming features introduced in the chapter:



The

WebGrid

helper.

The WebGrid Helper

In the previous chapter, you displayed data in a page by doing all the work yourself. But there's also an

easier way to display data — use the

WebGrid

helper. The helper can render an HTML table for you that

displays data. The helper supports options for formatting, for creating a way to page through the data,

and for letting users sort just by clicking a column heading.

Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper

This procedure shows you how to display data in a

WebGrid

helper by using its simplest configuration.

Open the website you created for Chapter 5 - Working with Data.

If you didn't run the procedures in that chapter, you don't need to run all of them now.

However, you do need the SmallBakery.sdf database file that's created at the beginning of

Chapter 5. This file must be in the App_Data folder of the website you're working with.

In your website, create a new CSHTML file named WebGridBasic.cshtml.

Replace the existing markup with the following:

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery") ;

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Id";

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString);

var grid = new WebGrid(data);

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper</title>

</head>

<body>

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1>

@grid.GetHtml()

</div>

</body>

</html>

The code first opens the SmallBakery.sdf database file and creates a SQL

Select

statement:

SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Id

A variable named

data

is populated with the returned data from the SQL

Select

statement. The

WebGrid

helper is then used to create a new grid from data:

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString);

var grid = new WebGrid(data);

This code creates a new

WebGrid

object and assigns it to the

grid

variable. In the body of the

page, you render the data using the

WebGrid

helper by using this code:

@grid.GetHtml()

The

grid

variable is the value you created when you created the

WebGrid

object.

Run the page. (Make sure the page is selected in the Files workspace before you run it.) The

WebGrid

helper renders an HTML table that contains the data selected based on the SQL

Select

statement:

Notice that you can click column names to sort the table by the data in those columns.

As you can see, even using the simplest possible code for the

WebGrid

helper does a lot of work for you

when displaying (and sorting) the data. The helper can do quite a bit more as well. In the remainder of

this chapter, you'll see how you can configure the

WebGrid

helper to do the following:

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid



Specify which data columns to display and how to format the display of those columns.



Style the grid as a whole.



Page through data.

Specifying and Formatting Columns to Display

By default, the

WebGrid

helper displays all the data columns that are returned by the SQL query. You can

customize the display of this data in the following ways:



Specify which columns the helper displays, and in what order. You might do this if you want to

display only a subset of the data columns that are returned by the SQL query.



Specify formatting instructions for how data should be displayed — for example, add a currency

symbol (like "$") to data that represents money.

In this procedure, you'll use

WebGrid

helper options to format individual columns.

In the website, create a new page named WebGridColumnFormat.cshtml.

Replace the existing markup with the following:

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery") ;

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Id";

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString);

var grid = new WebGrid(data);

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper (Custom Formatting)</title>

.product { width: 200px; font-weight:bold;}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1>

@grid.GetHtml(

columns: grid.Columns(

grid.Column("Name", "Product", style: "product"),

grid.Column("Description", format:@<i>@item.Description</i>),

grid.Column("Price", format:@<text>$@item.Price</text>)

)

</div>

</body>

</html>

This example is like the previous one, except that when you render the grid in the body of the

page by calling

grid.GetHtml

, you're specifying both the columns to display and how to display

them. The following code shows how to specify which columns to display and the order in which

they should be displayed:

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

@grid.GetHtml(

columns: grid.Columns(

grid.Column("Name", "Product", style: "product"),

grid.Column("Description", format:@<i>@item.Description</i>),

grid.Column("Price", format:@<text>$@item.Price</text>)

)

To tell the helper which columns to display, you must include a

columns

parameter for the

GetHtml

method of the

WebGrid

helper, and pass in a collection of columns. In this collection, you

can specify each column to include. You specify an individual column to display by including a

grid.Column

object, and pass in the name of the data column you want. In this example, the

code causes the

WebGrid

object to display only three columns: Name, Description, and Price.

(These columns must be included in the SQL query results — the helper cannot display columns

that were not returned by the query.)

However, notice that in addition to just passing a column name to the

grid

, you can pass other

formatting instructions. In the example, the code displays the Name column using the following

code:

grid.Column("Name", "Product", style: "product")

This tells the

WebGrid

helper to do the following:



Display values from the Name data column.



Use the string "Product" as the column heading instead of the default name for the heading

(which in this case would be "Name").



Apply the CSS style class named "product". In the example page markup, this CSS class sets a

column width (200 pixels) and a font weight (bold).

The example for the Description column uses the following code:

grid.Column("Description", format:@<i>@item.Description</i>)

This tells the helper to display the Description column. It specifies a format by using an

expression that wraps the value from the data column in some HTML markup:

@<i>@item.Description</i>

The example for the Price column shows another variation of how to specify the

format

property:

grid.Column("Price", format:@<text>$@item.Price</text>)

This again specifies some HTML markup to render, and adds a dollar sign ($) before the column

value.

View the page in a browser.

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ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

You see only three columns this time. The Name column customizes the column heading, size,

and font weight. The Description column is in italics, and the Price column now includes a dollar

sign.

Styling the Grid as a Whole

In addition to specifying how individual columns should be displayed, you can format the whole grid. To

do so, you define CSS classes that specify how the rendered HTML table will look.

In the website, create a new page named WebGridTableFormat.cshtml.

Replace the existing markup with the following:

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery");

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Id";

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString);

var grid = new WebGrid(source: data, defaultSort: "Name");

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper (Custom Table

Formatting)</title>

.grid { margin: 4px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 600px; }

.head { background-color: #E8E8E8; font-weight: bold; color: #FFF; }

.grid th, .grid td { border: 1px solid #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; }

.alt { background-color: #E8E8E8; color: #000; }

.product { width: 200px; font-weight:bold;}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1>

@grid.GetHtml(

tableStyle: "grid",

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

headerStyle: "head",

alternatingRowStyle: "alt",

columns: grid.Columns(

grid.Column("Name", "Product", style: "product"),

grid.Column("Description", format:@<i>@item.Description</i>),

grid.Column("Price", format:@<text>$@item.Price</text>)

)

</div>

</body>

</html>

This code builds on the previous example by showing you how to create new style classes (

grid

head

grid th

grid td

, and

alt

). The

grid.GetHtml

method then assigns these styles to various

elements of the grid using the

tableStyle

headerStyle

, and

alternatingRowStyle

parameters.

View the page in a browser. This time, the grid is displayed using different styles that apply to

the table as a whole, such a banding for alternating rows.

Paging Through Data

Rather than displaying all the data in the grid at once, you can let users page through the data. For the

small quantity of data that you're working with here, paging isn't very important. But if you've got

hundreds or thousands of data rows to display, paging is very handy.

To add paging to the rendered grid, you specify an additional parameter for the

WebGrid

helper.

In the website, create a new page named WebGridPaging.cshtml.

Replace the existing markup with the following:

var db = Database.Open("SmallBakery");

var selectQueryString = "SELECT * FROM Product ORDER BY Id";

var data = db.Query(selectQueryString);

var grid = new WebGrid(source: data,

defaultSort: "Name",

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

rowsPerPage: 3);

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Displaying Data Using the WebGrid Helper (with Paging)</title>

.grid { margin: 4px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 600px; }

.head { background-color: #E8E8E8; font-weight: bold; color: #FFF; }

.grid th, .grid td { border: 1px solid #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; }

.alt { background-color: #E8E8E8; color: #000; }

.product { width: 200px; font-weight:bold;}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Small Bakery Products</h1>

@grid.GetHtml(

tableStyle: "grid",

headerStyle: "head",

alternatingRowStyle: "alt",

columns: grid.Columns(

grid.Column("Name", "Product", style: "product"),

grid.Column("Description", format:@<i>@item.Description</i>),

grid.Column("Price", format:@<text>$@item.Price</text>)

)

</div>

</body>

</html>

This code expands the previous example by adding a

rowsPerPage

parameter when creating the

WebGrid

object. This parameter lets you set the number of rows that are displayed. By including

this parameter, you automatically enable paging.

View the page in a browser. Notice that only three rows are shown. At the bottom of the grid,

you see controls that let you page through the remaining data rows.

ASP.NET Web Pages Using The Razor Syntax

Chapter 6 – Displaying Data in a Grid

Additional Resources



Chapter 5 - Working with Data



Chapter 7 - Displaying Data in a Chart



ASP.NET Web Pages with Razor Syntax Reference

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