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254

HOUR 15:Buttons,Buttons,Buttons

Summary

Buttons are an integral part of a website, both as navigational tools and as design

elements. Knowing how to make and when to use different styles of buttons makes

your life easier as a designer and your sites easier to navigate for the visitors.

Buttons can be anything from simple colored boxes with text inside them to

advanced image-based elements with different graphics for each state. The layout

and design of the page, and what the designer wants out of it, drive the choice of

what kind of button to use.

In this hour, we’ve covered how to create several different types of CSS-based but-

tons. The advantages of CSS buttons are that they are text based and standards

compliant, and a visitor who uses a text-only browser can still see the hyperlinks

within the buttons. In this hour, you learned how to create simple box-type buttons

with interactive features using CSS. You also learned how to take these buttons to

the next level by replacing the solid color backgrounds with images. Finally, you

learned how to use the sliding doors technique to use one image as the base for

multiple different button states. You do this by sliding it in the background to show

different versions of the same button image.

Q&A

Q. I created a second copy of the sliding doors button,but it shows up under-

neath the first one no matter what I do. Why can’t I make these buttons

show up next to each other?

A. Although sliding doors buttons can easily be lined up next to one another,

the one you made in this example cannot do so without each of the but-

tons being put in a separate table cell. The reason for this has to do with

the hiding of the button text, not the sliding doors function.

Workshop

The Workshop has quiz questions and exercises to help you put to use what you just

learned. If you get stuck, the answers to the quiz questions are in the next section.

But try to answer them first. Otherwise, you’ll be cheating yourself.

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Exercise

255

Quiz

1. What happens to a CSS-based button if the CSS style sheet is not loaded or

doesn’t work?

2. When creating the basic and advanced box buttons, do you need to create

separate styles for each of the buttons?

Answers

1. If the CSS style sheet is not loaded or doesn’t work, the CSS-based button

returns to its native state as a standard text link. This means even in sub-

optimal conditions, where things don’t work the way they are supposed to,

your button links will still work—they’ll just look less attractive.

2. No, not unless you want to. The idea behind using CSS to create box but-

tons is that you can apply the same styling and background (either color or

image) to multiple buttons with one set of styles. That way, you can make

quick changes to multiple buttons throughout your site by changing only a

few styles rather than having to change each individual button separately.

You can, however, make individualized buttons with individual back-

grounds or styles by wrapping each button instance in a

<span>

tag.

Exercise

To give the visitor a visual cue that the button has been pressed before, make styles

for the

:active

and

:visited

pseudoclasses for all the different CSS buttons you cre-

ated. The

:active

style usually has a bold appearance (bright colors and dark font),

whereas the

:visited

pseudoclass is usually more muted than the other styles.

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[(H3F)]

257

HOUR 16

Using Code Snippets

What You’ll Learn in This Hour:

. What code snippets are

. How to use the new Snippets panel

. How to use the different code snippets that ship with Expression

Web SP2

. How to create and edit your own code snippets

One of the many challenges of building websites is the code languages themselves.

Or more specifically remembering the many complicated syntaxes, formulas, and

code configurations used to make certain things happen or create certain effects.

After years of writing web code, the code languages become second nature, but even

then it’s often hard to remember large and complicated blocks of code from project

to project. To help with this process, Expression Web ships with a built-in code snip-

pets function.

Up until the release of Expression Web 4 SP2, this code snippets function was a bit

crude and rudimentary. Activating the code snippets function would give you a list

of available snippets that would be pasted into your code. This worked well enough,

but there was a lot of room for improvement.

Simultaneously, and seemingly unrelated, the earlier versions of Expression Web

also shipped with a panel called Behaviors. This panel carried with it a long list of

legacy functions relying on old and outdated coding practices and complex and

unfriendly code.

Based on input from the Expression Web community and Expression Web MVPs like

myself, the development team decided to make some drastic changes to the snippets

functionality of the application and also include some up-to-date functions and

functionalities in the process to replace the outdated Behaviors panel. The result of

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258

HOUR 16:Using Code Snippets

this work is the new Snippets panel, which in my opinion is the most important and

most exciting feature of Service Pack 2.

Snippets: An Introduction

The code snippets function in Expression Web 4 SP2 is a powerful but easily over-

looked feature that can and will save you a lot of time and effort once you start

using it. Out of the box, it comes with a long list of useful snippets for HTML, CSS,

JavaScript, jQuery, PHP, and more, and you can create new snippets yourself to

serve your specific coding requirements.

By default, the Snippets panel appears in the top-right pane area behind the

Toolbox tab. To see the Snippets panel, simply click the Snippets tab (see

Figure 16.1).

FIGURE 16.1

The Snippets

panel docks to

the top-right

panel when it is

opened.

The Snippets panel contains a list of folders, some of which contain snippets and

some of which contain further folders. The default snippets are stored in folders that

correspond with the code language, so CSS snippets live in the CSS folder, HTML

snippets in the HTML folder, and so on.

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Snippets: An Introduction

259

The snippets are code snippets, so they are used in Code view. To use a code snippet,

you first place your cursor where you want the snippet to appear in Code view and

then use one of two methods to insert the snippet: Either double-click the snippet

directly in the Snippets panel or press Ctrl+Enter to jump to the Snippet search func-

tion and then start typing in the name of the snippet you want to use. The search

function will narrow down your options and display only snippets with names that

match what you have written, as in Figure 16.2.

FIGURE 16.2

The search func-

tion shows only

snippets that

match your

search.

To insert a snippet from a text search, use the arrow keys to highlight the correct

snippet and press Enter. Alternatively, you can simply double-click the highlighted

snippet. You can also reset your search by clicking the X at the right side of the

search area.

When you select a snippet—either by clicking it once with your mouse or by navi-

gating to it with search and the arrow keys—you will see the name, description, and

code output for the selected widget in the preview area at the bottom of the Snippets

panel. This gives you the ability to check whether the snippet is the correct one

before you insert it.

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▼

260

HOUR 16:Using Code Snippets

Try It Yourself

Use a Snippet to Create a Custom Tooltip

To see how to use the snippets and understand how to make them work, let’s start

by creating a custom tooltip function using a CSS snippet:

1. Create and open a new HTML page called snippetsDemo.html in Split view.

2. At the top of the page, create a paragraph and write MyKipple.com is a

great place to find information about kipple.

3. In Code view, scroll to the top and place your cursor right before the end

</head>

tag. Press Enter to create a few new empty lines.

4. In the Snippets panel, find the Style Block snippet and double-click it to

insert it in the

<head>

tag. This inserts the standard code block that con-

tains CSS code in HTML pages.

5. With your cursor on the empty line between the beginning and end

<style>

tags, press Ctrl+Enter to make a snippet search. Type Tooltip, and

one snippet is revealed called Tooltip with CSS (see Figure 16.3). Press Enter

or double-click Tooltip with CSS to insert the code snippet.

FIGURE 16.3

After searching

for “Tooltip,”

only one snippet

appears. The

instructions on

how to use the

snippet can be

seen in the pre-

view area at the

bottom of the

Snippets panel.

▼

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The Default Snippets

261

It would be logical to assume that once we’ve added the snippet, everything should

work automatically. However, that’s not the case. Apart from the jQuery UI Widgets

snippets, which we’ll cover later on in this hour, most of the snippets are just start-

ing points for more work. Case in point, the tooltip snippet does nothing unless we

add the

.tooltip

class to some content and create a span to contain the tooltip

itself. If you select the Tooltip with CSS snippet again in the Snippets panel and look

at the description in the bottom of the panel, you see the following instructions: “If

you want to display a tooltip, just add the class ‘tooltip’ to an element and write

your Tooltip Text in a span tag within the element.” So let’s do just that:

1. In Code view, find the beginning

<p>

tag and attach the

.tooltip

class.

2. Still in code view, place your cursor after the word MyKipple.com, insert a

new

<span>

tag, and write The home of my kipple. Then end with the

</span>

tag.

If you click inside Design view to refresh the page, you’ll see that the new tooltip

does not appear. But if you save the page and preview it in your browser, the tooltip

will appear when you hover over any of the text in the paragraph. This is a very

basic demo of the Tooltip with CSS snippet, and the tooltip itself is not particularly

attractive, but it provides you with the building blocks to create advanced tooltips of

your own simply by adding a class and a span tag to an element (think image).

The Default Snippets

The default snippets shipped with Expression Web 4 SP2 provide a wide range of

effects, functions, and options. Depending on the type of snippet, the usage and

application differs. Here, I’ll walk you through the bulk of them and provide you

with the correct method for using them in your own projects.

CSS Snippets

The CSS snippets are divided into three main folders: Action, Effect, and Text. All the

snippets in these folders provide standard CSS markup that can be inserted either in

the head of the HTML page itself (contained within a standard

<style>

block pro-

vided by the Style Block snippet) or in a CSS file or external style sheet. To apply a

CSS snippet to an element on the page, you attach the snippet class to that element.

Keep in mind that a lot of these functions are CSS3, meaning they will not work in

all browsers.

▼

▲

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262

HOUR 16:Using Code Snippets

CSS – Action

Replace text with image—The

.replace

class replaces text with a defined

image when text is hovered over.

Tooltip with CSS—The

.tooltip

class displays a tooltip wrapped in a

<span>

tag when the containing element is hovered over.

CSS – Effect

Box Shadow—The

.boxShadow

class adds a box shadow to the containing

box. The size and color can be changed by changing the values.

Circle—The

.circle

class draws a circle with CSS. The size and color can

be changed by changing the values.

Horizontal-Vertical align—The

.align

class aligns the element to the hor-

izontal and vertical center of the browser window.

Image Button—The

.imageButton

class attached to the input button ele-

ment replaces the default button with a custom image of your choice.

Opacity—The

.opacity

class sets the opacity (transparency) of the ele-

ment. 0.0 or 0 is fully transparent; 1 or 100 is fully opaque.

Rotate Box—The

.rotate

class rotates the element box by degrees.

Rounded Corners—The

.round_border

class adds rounded corners to the

element box.

CSS – Text

Change Color of Selected Text—Globally changes the color of text across

the entire page when highlighted with a mouse.

Disable Select Text—The

.unselect

class prevents the visitor from select-

ing text in the element for copying and such.

First letter in color and uppercase—Globally sets the first letter of each

element red and uppercase. Can be specified by changing style element

from

:first-letter

p:first-lettedsdf

, for example.

Text Ellipsis—The

.ellipsis

style adds an ellipsis (…) to the end of text

when not all text is displayed due to overflow (the box is too small to dis-

play all text).

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The Default Snippets

263

Text Shadow—The

.text-shadow

class adds text shadow. Limited browser

support at this time.

Text Outline—The

.outline

class uses the

text-shadow

attribute and white

text to create the appearance of outlined text.

Doctypes Snippets

The Doctypes snippets provide the default doctype calls for the standard doctypes

used on the Web today. They are as follows:

HTML 4.01 Strict

HTML 4.01 Transitional

HTML 5 (default in Expression Web 4 SP2)

XHTML 1.0 Strict

XHTML 1.0 Transitional

XHTML 1.1

The doctype is inserted as the first line of code on a page. A page should never have

more than one doctype.

HTML Snippets

The HTML snippets are a mixed bag of

<head>

and

<body>

snippets:

Definition List—Add in

<body>

. Inserts a standard definition list in the

body of the page. The

<dt>

tag wraps the definition keyword while the

<dd>

tag wraps the definition itself.

HTML – Hyperlink

To be added in the

<body>

of the page:

Add to favorites—Creates an “Add to favorites” (that is, bookmark this

page) link to your page.

Mail to link—Creates a click-to-email link. Replace “@@email@@” with the

target email address.

Open in new window—Creates a link that opens the target in a new page

using JavaScript.

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