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Lookarounds

114

Giventhislistofcitiesandpostalcodes: TODONewYork,NY10006

ConvertittothisCSVformat:

TODO

“Hey,”youmightsay,“there’salreadyacommainthatdata.”True,butit’sjusttypicalpunctuation.

IfweweretoopenthislistinExcel,wewouldendupwith:

TODO:

Soweneedtouseasimpleregextoatleastseparatethestatefromthezipcode.

Answer

Find (.+?),([A-Z]{2})(\d{5})

Replace \1,\2,\3

Exercise: Morecomplexaddresses

Believeitor not, theeasily-fixedscenario aboveis onethatI’veseen keeppeoplefrom making

perfectlyusable,explorabledataoutoftext.

However,formostkindsoftextlists,thecleanupisalittlemoresophisticatedthanoneextracomma.

Here’sanexampleinwhichwehavetodealwithstreetnamesandaddresses:

50 Fifth Ave. New York, NY 10012

100 Ninth Ave. Brooklyn, NY 11416

9 Houston St. Juneau, AK 99999

2800 Springfield Rd. . Omaha, , NE 55555

Changeto:

50,Fifth Ave.,New York,NY,10012

100,Ninth Ave.,Brooklyn,NY,11416

9,Houston St.,Juneau,AK,99999

2800,Springfield Rd.,Omaha,NE,55555

Answer

Thisissimplybreakingeachpartofthelineintoitsownseparatepattern:

1. Streetnumber: consecutivedigitsatthebeginningoftheline

2. Streetname: Acombinationofwordcharactersandspacesuntilaliteralperiodisreached.

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Lookarounds

115

3. City: Acombination ofwordcharacters(actually, justletters)andspacesuntilacommais

reached.

4. State: Twouppercaseletters

5. Zip: Fiveconsecutivedigits

Find

ˆ(\d+) ([\w ]+\.) ([\w ]+), ([A-Z]{2}) (\d{5})

Replace

\1,\2,\3,\4,\5

Exercise: Complicatedstreetnames Streetaddresslistscangetwaymorecomplicatedthanthis,

ofcourse. Thefollowingexercisetestshowwellyouunderstandthedifferencesbetween[laziness

andgreediness]{#laziness}.

Note: Don’tfretifyoudon’tgetthis. Fullygrokkingthiskindofexerciserequiresbetter

understandingofwhat’sgoingonunderthehood,whichiswhatI’veavoidedpresentingso

far. Regular-expressions.infohasagreatlessonontheinternals.



Whatifourlistofstreetnameshadperiodswithinthem?

100 J.D. Salinger Ave. City, ST 99999

42 J.F.K. Blvd. . New w York, , NY 10555

Thenthepatternforastreetnamewouldconsistmoreofjustwordcharactersandspacesuntil a

literalperiod.

Sothisisthepatternwehavetoalter:

([\w ]+\.)

Nowasimplesolutionmaybejusttoincludetheliteraldotinsidethecharacterset,likeso:

([\w .]+)

Find

ˆ(\d+) ([\w .]+) ([\w ]+), ([A-Z]{2}) (\d{5})

Replace

\1\2\3\4\5

Andthatkindofworks:

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Lookarounds

116

100,J.D. Salinger Ave.,City,ST,99999

42,J.F.K. Blvd. . New,York,NY,10555

Butnoticetheimproper delimitationinthesecondline. Thestreetname–

J.F.K. Blvd. New

–

includespartofthecityname–the

New

from

New York

Thishappensinanycasewherethecitynameconsistsofmorethanoneword:

50 Fifth Ave. New York, NY 10012

Becomes:

50,Fifth Ave. New,York,NY,10012

Insteadofwhatwehadbefore:

50,Fifth Ave.,New York,NY,10012

Whydidthishappen? Thesubpattern

[\w .]+

wasjustgreedy. Weneedtomakeitlaziersothat

thestreetnamefielddoesn’tunintentionallyswallowpartofthecityname.

TODOTK:(movetolazinesschapter?)

Answer Thepatternforthestreetnameisnow:

([\w .]+?)

Andthecompletepatternisotherwiseunchanged:

Find ˆ(\d+)([\w.]+?) ([\w]+),([A-Z]{2})(\d{5})

Howdidonequestionmarkmakeallthedifference?

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Lookarounds

117

Mixed commas and other delimiters

Again, justto hammerhomethepoint: dataisjusttext,withstructure. Whydoesthatstructure

havetobedefinedwithcommas?Itdoesn’t,sogoodforyouforrealizingthat.

Wecanbasicallyuseanysymboltostructureourdata.Tab-separatedvalues,a.k.a. TSV,isanother

popularformat.Infact,whenyoucopyandpastefromaHTMLtable,suchasthisWikipediaHTML

chart,you’llget:

TKTK

And mostmodern spreadsheetprogramswillautomaticallyparsepastedTSVtextinto columns.

Copy-and-pastingfromtheabovetextwillgetyouthisinGoogleDocs:

TKTK

Heck,youcanjustcopy-and-pastedirectlyfromthewebpageintothespreadsheet:

TKTK

Collisions

The reason why most data-providers don’t use just “any” symbol to delimit data, though, is a

practical one. Whathappensif you use theletter

as adelimiter – nutyour data includes lots

charactersnaturally?

Youcandoit,butit’snotpretty.

Butwedon’t have to dream of that scenario, we already havethatproblem with using comma

delimiters. Considerthisexamplelist:

6,300 Apples from New York, NY Y $15,230

4,200 Oranges from Miami, , FL $20,112

There’scommasin theactualdata, becausethey’reusedasa grammatical convention:

6000

,for

example,is

6,300

Inthiscase,wedon’twanttousecommasasadelimiter. Thepipecharacter,

,isagoodcandidate

becauseitdoesn’ttypicallyappearinthiskindoflist.

Wecandelimitthislistbyusingthispattern:

Find

ˆ([\d,]+) (\w+) from ([\w ]+), ([A-Z]{2}) (\$[\d,]+)

Replace

\1|\2|\3|\4|\5

Andweendupwith:

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Lookarounds

118

6,300|Apples|New York|NY|$15,230

4,200|Oranges|Miami|FL|$20,112

Exercise: Someoneelse’scomma-mess

Let’spretendthatsomeonelessenlightenedthan ustriedto do theaboveexercisewithcomma-

delimiters. Theywouldendupwith:

6,300,Apples,New York,NY,$15,230

4,200,Oranges,Miami,FL,$20,112

Which,whenyouopeninExcelasCSV,lookspredictablylikenonsense:

TheresultoftoomanycommasinthisCSVfile

Soweneedtofixthismessbyconvertingonlythecommasmeantasdelimitersintopipesymbols

(oradelimitingcharacterofyourchoice*ndash;the

ortabcharacterwouldworkinthiscase).

Answer

Well,weobviouslycan’tjustdoasimpleFind-and-Replaceaffectingallcommas. Weneedtoaffect

onlysomeofthecommas.

Whichones? Inthisexercise,it’seasiertolookatthecommaswedon’twanttoreplace:

6,300

$15,230

4,200

$20,112

Soifthecommaisfollowedbyanumber,wedon’twanttoreplaceit.

There’s multiple ways to do this, here’s how to do it with capturing groups and a negative

characterset:

Find

,([\D])

Replace

|\1

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Lookarounds

119

InEnglish Replaceallinstancesofcommasfollowedbyanon-numbercharacter(andcapturethat

character)andreplacethemwithapipecharacterandthatnon-numberedcharacter.

(Note: Rememberthat

isashorthandequivalenttoeither

[ˆ\d]

[ˆ0-9]

,thoughsomeflavors

ofregexmaynotsupportit.)

Answer: Usinglookarounds

The moreefficient way wouldbeto usea lookahead, though, to avoidneeding abackreference.

Here’showtodoitwithanegativelookahead:

Find

,(?!\d)

Replace

InEnglish Replaceallcommas–theonesnotfollowedbyanumber–withapipecharacter.

Butyoucanuseapositivelookaheadtoo–ifyoucombineitwithanegativecharacterset:

Find

,(?=\D)

Replace

InEnglish Replaceallcommas–theonesthatarefollowedbyanon-number character–witha

pipecharacter.

Whateversolutionyouuse,you’llendupwith:

6,300|Apples|New York|NY|$15,230

4,200|Oranges|Miami|FL|$20,112

Dealing with text charts (todo)

Completely unstructured text (todo)

http://www.springsgov.com/units/police/policeblotter.asp?offset=0

(ColoradoSpringspatrolreports)

Lookarounds

120

^(\d+) Record ID (\w+ \d{1,2}, \d{4}) Incident Date (\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2\

} *\wM) Time (.+? Shift [IV]+)Division (.+?)Title(.+?)Location((?:.|\s|\n)+\

?)Summary(.*?)Adults\s*Arrested ([\w .\-']*?)PD.+\n.+

\1\n\2\n\3\n\4\n\5\n\6\n\7\n\8\n\9

Exercise: Emailheaders

From: Sarah Palin n mailto:spalin@alaska.gov To: John McCain mailto:jmccain@mccain08.com

Subject: BecomingVPDate: TK

Answer

Find From: (.+?) <(.+?)>

Find To:(.+?) <(.+?)>

Find Subject: (.+)

(fullanswerTK)

Moving in and out and into Excel

TODO

Exercise: WordinessofHamlet

1. Breakapart“Hamlet”bylineperspeaker

2. ImportintoExcel

3. TODO

Step1. Removeallnondialoguelines

Let’smanuallyremoveeverything,includingplayerlistings,fromthefirstlinetoline55:

SCENE.-Elsinore.

Lookarounds

121

a.Alllinesthatareflush(134lines) Examples:

<<THISELECTRONICVERSIONOFTHECOMPLETEWORKSOFWILLIAMSHAKE-

I.Elsinore. AroomintheCastle. EnterKing,Queen,Polonius,Ophelia, Rosencrantz,

Guildenstern,andLords. THEEND

Find

ˆ[ˆ\s].+$\n?

Replace withnothing

b.Replaceallstagedirections(98lines) Rightjustifiedtext

Examples:

Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.

Exeunt [all but the Captain].

Enter Sailors.

Throws up [another skull].

Exeunt marching; after the which a peal of ordnance

are shot off.

Thisistricky. Wedonotwantthis:

Ham. Why,

'As by lot, God wot,'

and then, you know,

'It came to pass, as most like it was.'

Find

ˆ\s{15,}.+?\. *$\n

Replace withnothing

c.Removeallstageexitsindialogue(38examples)

Example Adieu,adieu,adieu! Rememberme. Exit.

Find

ˆ(.{10,}) {5,}.+

Replace

Lookarounds

122

d. Removeallasides(inbrackets)(55occurences):

Example Ham. [aside]Alittlemorethankin,andlessthankind!

Find

\[.+?\]

Replace withnothing

Concatenatedialouge

1. Play. What speech, my good lord?

Ham. I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it was never acted;

or if it was, not above once; for the play, I remember, pleas'd

Find

ˆ {2}(\w{1,4}\.(?: \w{1,4}\.)?) +((?:.|\n)+?)(?=\nˆ {2}\w)

Replace:

Removeallnewlinesinsidespeech:

Find

\n(?!")

Collapseconsecutivewhitespace

Find

\s{2,}

Replace

Exercise: Example FAAControltowers (TODO)

Step1.Cleanthedata Whenyouselect-all,copy,andpaste,yougetthisjumble:

FAA Contract Tower Closure List

(149 FCTs)

3222013

LOC

ID Facility Name City State

DHN DOTHAN RGNL DOTHAN AL

TCL TUSCALOOSA RGNL TUSCALOOSA AL

FYV DRAKE FIELD FAYETTEVILLE AR

TXK TEXARKANA RGNL-WEBB FIELD TEXARKANA AR

GEU GLENDALE MUNI GLENDALE AZ

Lookarounds

123

...

Page 1 of 4FAA Contract Tower Closure List

(149 FCTs)

3222013

LOC

ID Facility Name City State

PIH POCATELLO RGNL POCATELLO ID

SUN FRIEDMAN MEMORIAL HAILEY ID

Thefirststepistoremoveallthenon-datalines. Theeasiestwaytodothisistofirstconsider:what

arethedatalineshere?

Thedatalineswewanttokeephavefourfields: A3-letterairportcode,theairport’sname,thecity,

andthetwo-letterstatecode.

So,thenon-datalinesareanythingthat: 1. don’tbeginwiththreecapitalletters,and2. don’tend

withatwo-letterstatecode.

(TODO)

Find

ˆ[A-Z]

([A-Z]{3})+(.+?) {3,}(.+?) {3,}([A-Z]{2})

$1\t$2\t$3\t$4

http://www.faa.gov/news/media/fct_closed.pdf

Deleteuselesslines

ˆ(?:\s.+|\s*)\n

Changetolocation: (.+?)\t([A-Z]{2})$(city,state)

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