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Creating OCI8 Tests

Running like this, some of the demotest.phpt test framework content is shown, but code

executes and only the actual, and not the expected, output is displayed. This can make it

easier to quickly validate tests, without having to set TEST_PHP_EXECUTABLE and invoke run-

tests.php.

The page Writing Tests at http://qa.php.net/write-test.php shows other sections a

test file can have, including ways to set arguments and php.ini parameters. This page also

has generic examples and helpful information on writing tests. The sections of a .phpt file are

documented at http://qa.php.net/phpt_details.php.

Writing good units tests is an art. Making a test portable, accurate, simple and self-

diagnosing requires fine judgment and tidy programming.

OCI8 Test Helper Scripts

Along with connect.inc and details.inc, there are several useful scripts in ext/oci8/tests for

creating and dropping basic tables and types, these include:

●

create_table.inc

●

create_type.inc

●

drop_table.inc

●

drop_type.inc

You can include these in any new tests you write.

Make sure new tests create any needed objects and drop them at the end of the test. Use

unique names for each object, for example if the test demotest.phpt needs to create (and

drop) a table, a good table name would be DEMOTEST_TAB.

Configuring the Database For Testing

Sometimes it is possible for rapidly executing OCI8 test scripts to flood the database with

connections. This may be noticeable with Oracle Database XE, which has smaller defaults.

Random tests fail with errors like the following:

ORA-12516 TNS:listener could not find available handler with matching protocol

stack

or:

ORA-12520: TNS:listener could not find available handler for requested type of

server

The best general solution is to use DRCP connecting pooling solution as discussed in the

chapter PHP Connection Pooling and High Availability. An alternative method suitable for the

specific case of testing is to increase the number of “processes” that Oracle can handle. This

method is also applicable when connection pooling is not desired or available, for example

when using Oracle Database 10.2.

To increase the number of processes in Oracle:

1. You may need to su as the oracle user so you have operating system privileges when

starting SQL*Plus:

$ su – oracle

Password:

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Testing PHP and the OCI8 Extension

2. Set the Oracle environment variables needed by SQL*Plus, for example:

$ source /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh

3. Use SQL*Plus to connect as a privileged database user:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

4. Check the current value of processes using the SHOW PARAMETER PROCESSES command:

SQL> show parameter processes

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------- ----------- -----------

...

processes integer 40

5. Increase the value to, say, 100:

SQL> alter system set processes=100 scope=spfile;

System altered.

6. Restart the database using the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, followed by the STARTUP command:

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 289406976 bytes

Fixed Size 1258488 bytes

Variable Size 96472072 bytes

Database Buffers 188743680 bytes

Redo Buffers2932736 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

7. Use the SHOW PARAMETER PROCESSES command to confirm the new value is in effect:

SQL> show parameter processes

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------- ----------- ----------

...

processes integer 100

8. Exit SQL*Plus using the EXIT command:

SQL> exit

9. Now the tests can be run again:

$ make test TESTS=ext/oci8

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Testing PHP Applications

You should verify your applications work correctly with any new PHP binary before putting it

into production. This gives load and real-life testing not possible with PHP’s command-line test

suite. Application level testing brings even more challenges. There are several PHP test

frameworks with sophisticated features that might be suited to create application test suites.

They include PHPUnit and SimpleTest. These are not covered in this manual.

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Testing PHP and the OCI8 Extension

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APPENDIX A

RACING

OCI8 I

NTERNALS

This appendix discusses tracing the OCI8 internals. To see exactly what calls to the Oracle

database the OCI8 extension makes, you can turn on debugging output. This is mostly useful

for the maintainers of the OCI8 extension.

Enabling OCI8 Debugging output

Tracing can be turned on in your script with oci_internal_debug(). For a script that connects

and does an insert:

Script 128: trace.php

<?php

oci_internal_debug(1); // turn on tracing

$c = oci_connect("hr", "welcome", "localhost/XE");

$s = oci_parse($c, "insert into testtable values ('my data')");

oci_execute($s, OCI_NO_AUTO_COMMIT);

You get output like:

OCI8 DEBUG: OCINlsEnvironmentVariableGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:1873)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: Got NO cached connection at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:1918)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIEnvNlsCreate at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2916)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2737)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2749)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2766)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2786)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2795)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCISessionPoolCreate at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2807)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2821)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: create_spool: (0xa881548) at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2825)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: using shared pool: (0xa881548) at (phpsrc/php-

5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3143)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3154)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3164)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3173)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3185)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3197)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3198)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: (numopen=0)(numbusy=0)(numfree=0) at (phpsrc/php-

5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3200)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCISessionGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3211)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3226)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3228)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIContextGetValue at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3230)

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Tracing OCI8 Internals

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIContextGetValue at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3325)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIMemoryAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3332)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIContextSetValue at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3346)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3256)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: New Non-Persistent Connection address: (0xb452d160) at

(phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2167)

OCI8 DEBUG L1: num_persistent=(0), num_links=(1) at (phpsrc/php-

5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2169)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleAlloc at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:57)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIStmtPrepare2 at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:72)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrSet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:123)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIAttrGet at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:433)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIStmtExecute at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:461)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIStmtRelease at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:766)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8_statement.c:774)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCITransRollback at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2241)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCISessionRelease at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2402)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2288)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:2291)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCISessionPoolDestroy at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3293)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3297)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3301)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:3305)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:1144)

OCI8 DEBUG: OCIHandleFree at (phpsrc/php-5.4/ext/oci8/oci8.c:1149)

Many of these calls just allocate local resources (handles) and set local state (attributes), but

some require a round trip to the database.

One of these is the OCITransRollback() call near the end of the script. The

OCI_NO_AUTO_COMMIT flag said not to auto-commit and there was no explicit oci_commit()

call. As part of PHP’s end of HTTP request shutdown at the conclusion of the script, the

rollback was issued.

Note: if you change to auto-commit mode you will not see a call to OCITransCommit()

because the commit message is piggy-backed with Oracle's statement execution call, thus

saving a round-trip. If a script only inserts one row it is fine to auto-commit. Otherwise, do the

transaction management yourself.

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APPENDIX B

OCI8

PHP

INI

ARAMETERS

This appendix gives an overview of the php.ini parameters for the OCI8 extension. Detailed

discussion of their use is covered in previous chapters.

The parameters can be changed in the PHP configuration file php.ini, for example:

oci8.default_prefetch = 75

Variables can also be set in Apache's httpd.conf:

php_admin_flag oci8.old_oci_close_semantics On

php_admin_value oci8.connection_class MYPHPAPP

</IfModule>

The web server must be restarted for any changes to take effect.

The location of php.ini can be found by running the command line PHP executable php

--ini. The current values of the OCI8 parameters can be found by running php --ri oci8.

Loading phpinfo.php in a browser will show all parameters and is equivalent to php -i:

Script 129: phpinfo.php

<?php

phpinfo();

If you might have multiple versions of PHP installed, check the settings via both command line

and a browser.

If you are using Windows, remember to edit php.ini using administrative privileges.

Enabling PHP OCI8 in php.ini

On Windows, you will need to enable OCI8 in php.ini. If you are using OCI8 with Oracle 11gR2

client libraries than add:

extension=php_oci8_11g.dll

If you are using OCI8 with Oracle 10gR2 client libraries than add:

extension=php_oci8.dll

Only one of these extensions can be enabled at a time.

If PHP OCI8 was compiled as a shared extension on Linux, you will need to enable it in

php.ini with:

extension=oci8.so

If OCI8 was built statically into the PHP executable you do not need to set this.

On both platforms, make sure extension_dir is set to the directory containing the shared

library.

323

OCI8 php.ini Parameters

PHP OCI8 php.ini Parameters

The php.ini directives for OCI8 are shown in the next table:

Table 20: OCI8 php.ini parameters

Name

Default Valid Range Description

oci8.connection_class

null

A short

string

A user-chosen name for Oracle

Database 11g Connection Pooling

(DRCP). In general, use the same

name for all web servers running

the same application. Can also be

set with ini_set().

Introduced in OCI8 1.3.

oci8.default_prefetch

100

Prior to

OCI8

1.3.4

the

default

was 10

>= 0

Prior to

OCI8 1.4 it

had to be

>= 1

The number of extra rows that

Oracle fetches and internally

buffers whenever a query row is

physically retrieved from the

database. This improves query

performance by reducing the

number of network accesses to

the database. From Oracle 11gR2

onwards this parameter also

affects fetching from REF

CURSORS.

Also see oci_set_prefetch().

oci8.events

Off

Off or On

Allows PHP to receive Fast

Application Notification (FAN)

events from Oracle to give

immediate notification of a

database node or network failure.

The database must also be

configured to post events.

Introduced in OCI8 1.3.

oci8.max_persistent

-1

>= -1

-1 means

no limit

Maximum number of persistent

connections each PHP process

caches. Note this is not a system-

wide total.

oci8.old_oci_close_semantics

Off

Off or On

Toggles whether oci_close() uses

the old behavior, which was a “no-

op”.

324

PHP OCI8 php.ini Parameters

Name

Default Valid Range Description

oci8.persistent_timeout

-1

> -1

-1 means

no timeout

How many seconds a persistent

connection is allowed to remain

idle before being terminated by its

PHP process. PHP processes will

check this each time the process

is reused.

oci8.ping_interval

>= 0

-1 means

no extra

check

occurs

How many seconds a persistent

connection can be unused before

an extra check during

oci_pconnect() verifies the

database connection is still valid.

oci8.privileged_connect

Off

Off or On

Toggles whether SYSDBA and

SYSOPER connections are

permitted.

oci8.statement_cache_size

>= 0

Improves database performance

by caching the given number of

SQL statements in PHP. Setting it

to 0 disables statement caching.

325

OCI8 php.ini Parameters

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