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Moseltipsandtricks

Lastupdate25February,2013

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NewandlessknownfeaturesofMosel

• Selectednewfeatures

– Addingaﬁletoatararchive(newinRel7.3)

– Addingatimestampintoaﬁlename(newinRel7.3)

– Texthandling:Howandwheretousethetype

text

(modulemmsystem)

• Structuringmodels

– Usingincludeandpackages

– Paths:getcwd,runtimeparameters,DSOsearchpath

– Advanceddatastructures:records,lists

• Andalso:

– Modelingtricks:Counters,indicatorsandlogicalconstraints,dotnotation,dates

andtimes

– DeploymentviaanExcelVBmacro

– Outputredirection

WorkingwithTARarchives

Tip1:AddingaﬁletoacompressedTARarchive

declarations

lsf: list of text

origfname: text

end-declarations

makedir(gettmpdir+"/tartemp")

! Create temporary directory

if getfstat(archivename)<>0 then

! Untar if archive exists

untar("zlib.gzip:"+archivename, gettmpdir+"/tartemp")

end-if

! Copy file to temporary y directory

origfname:=pathsplit(SYS_FNAME,filetoadd)

fcopy(filetoadd, ":"+ gettmpdir+"/tartemp/"+origfname)

! Rebuild the archive

findfiles(SYS_RECURS, lsf, gettmpdir+"/tartemp", , "*")

newtar(0, "zlib.gzip:"+archivename, gettmpdir+"/tartemp", lsf)

removefiles(SYS_RECURS, gettmpdir+"/tartemp", "*")

removedir(gettmpdir+"/tartemp")

! Delete temporary files

Timestamp

Tip2:Insertingatimestampintoaﬁlename

public procedure addtimestamp(filestochange: set of string)

declarations

origdir, origfname, , origextn, timestmp: : text

end-declarations

! Create a time stamp - redefining datetime e format as s to avoid d use

! of ’:’ to prevent interpretation as I/O driver

usedfmt:=getparam("datetimefmt")

! Save present t format

setparam("datetimefmt", "%0d%0m%0yT%0H.%0M.%0S")

timestmp:= text(datetime(SYS_NOW))

setparam("datetimefmt", usedfmt)

! Reset to previous format

! Rename all l files s to include the time stamp in their name

forall(f in filestochange) do

origdir:=pathsplit(SYS_DIR,f)

origfname:=pathsplit(SYS_FNAME,f)

origextn:=pathsplit(SYS_EXTN,origfname,origfname)

fmove(f, origdir r + "/" + origfname + "-"+timestmp +"." +origextn)

end-do

end-procedure

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Thetype’text’

Tip3:Howandwheretousethetype

text

• Thetypetextisdeﬁnedinmodulemmsystem

– maybegeneratedfromallobjectsthatcanbeconvertedtoatext

– supportstheusualstringoperations(concatenation,formatting

txtfmt

)

uses "mmsystem"

declarations

t: text

end-declarations

t:= "a text"

inserttext(t, "short ", 3)

! => > t t = = ’a short text’

writeln("_"*80)

! Draw a a line e of f 80 characters

•

text

vs.

string

– every

string

objectinamodelisenteredinthenamesdictionary,

text

objectsare

notsaved

⇒use

string

forindexation,use

text

whenevermanipulatingtexts

– textobjectscanbealtered(e.g.changingasequenceofcharactersinatext),strings

cannot

–

text

supportswidersetofoperations(likeinsertion,deletion,removingtrailing

blanks,searchofsubstrings)than

string

– implicitconversionfrom

string

text

(butnotthereverse):aroutineexpecting

atextasparametermaybeusedwithastringinstead

StructuringMoselmodels

Tip4:Workingwithpackages

• Package=MosellibrarywrittenintheMosellanguage(asopposedtoMoselmodules

thatareimplementedinC)

– similarstructureasmodels,keyword

model

isreplacedby

package

– includedwiththe

uses

statement

– compileinthesamewayasMoselmodels,placeBIMonDSOsearchpath

– packagename=nameoftheBIMﬁle(package.bim)

– deﬁnitionofnewsubroutines,constants,andtypes

• Alternativetopackages:

include

insertscontentsintoamodeltobecompiledwiththe

model

• File

toolbox.mos

(compileto

toolbox.bim

)

package toolbox

uses "mmsystem"

version 12.08.30

public procedure addtimestamp(filestochange: set of string)

...

end-procedure

! Overloaded version with different arguments

public procedure addtimestamp(filetochange: string)

addtimestamp({filetochange})

end-procedure

end-package

• UsepackageinaMoselmodel:

uses "toolbox"

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Tip5:Packagedependencies

• Apackagecannotbeimportedseveraltimesbyamodelandpackagespublishsymbols

ofpackagestheyuse

– example:ifpackageP1importspackageP2,thenamodelusingP1cannotimport

explicitlyP2(with

uses

)buthasaccesstothefunctionalityofP2viaP1.

• Requirements=symbolsapackagerequiresforitsprocessingbutdoesnotdeﬁne

– thesymbolsmustbedeﬁnedeitherinthemodelorinanotherpackage(butnotin

amodule)

–

requirements

blocksareaspecialkindofdeclarationblocksinwhichconstants

arenotallowedbutprocedure/functionscanbedeclared

• PackageP1:

uses "P2"

! Load d package e P2

declarations

public myct: integer

end-declarations

procedure dosomething(txt: text)

writeln(calcvalue(txt))

! Call l function n from P2

end-procedure

• PackageP2:

requirements

myct: integer

procedure dosomething(txt: text)

! Can now use subroutine from P1

end-requirements

function calcvalue(txt: text): integer

myct += 1

! Use a symbol defined in n P1

returned:= ...

FileandDSOpaths

Tip6:PathsinMoselmodels

• FilesreferredtoinMoselmodelswillbesoughtrelativetothecurrentworkingdirectory

(cwd)

– cwdvariesdependinghowtheapplicationisstartedup

– retrievecwdwith

getcwd

getparam("work_dir")

– cwdcanbechangedwith

setparam("work_dir", mynewdir)

– defaultcwdcanberedeﬁnedbycallingapplicationwith

XPRMsetdefworkdir

• ⇒Useabsolutepathsorprovideapathrootviaamodelparameterforallﬁlestoavoid

problems

parameters

DIR="./"

FILENAME="mydata.xls"

end-parameters

setparam("work_dir", getparam("tmpdir")) ! Set Mosel’s temp. dir. as cwd

writeln(getcwd)

! Display new cwd

initializations from "mmsheet.xls:"+DIR+FILENAME

...

end-initializations

fopen(DIR+"log.txt", F_OUTPUT+F_APPEND)

! Redirect output to file

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Tip7:DSOsearchpaths

• DSOsandpackagesoftheMoseldistributionarefoundautomaticallyifthefullXpress

installationprocessfollowed

• AdditionalDSOorpackagelocationscanbespeciﬁedbysettingtheenvironment

variable

MOSEL_DSO

• CanalsosetDSOdirectoryatruntimeusing

XPRMsetdsopath

(incallingapplication)or

inthecallingmodel(settingdoesnotapplytothemodelitself!)

! Set MOSEL_DSO to the default location of DSOs

setenv("MOSEL_DSO", getenv("XPRESSDIR") ) + "/dso")

Advanceddatastructures

Tip8:Advanceddatastructures:lists

• List=collectionofobjectsofthesametype

• Alistmaycontainthesameelementseveraltimes

• Theorderofthelistelementsisspeciﬁedbyconstruction

declarations

L: list of integer

M: array(range) ) of list of string

end-declarations

L:= [1,2,3,4,5]

M:: (2..4)[[’A’,’B’,’C’], [’D’,’E’], , [’F’,’G’,’H’,’I’]]

L2:= gethead(L,3)

! => L2=[1,2,3]

reverse(L)

! => L=[5,4,3,2,1]

cuttail(L,2)

! => L=[5,4,3]

Tip9:Advanceddatastructures:records

• Record=ﬁnitecollectionofobjectsofanytype

• Eachcomponentofarecordiscalledaﬁeldandischaracterizedbyitsnameanditstype

declarations

arc = = record

Source,Sink: string

! Source and sink of arc

Cost: real

! Cost coefficient

end-record

ARC: array(ARCSET:range) of arc

end-declarations

ARC(1).Source:= "B"

ARC(3).Cost:= 1.5

writeln(ARC(1))

! => [Source=’B’ Sink=’’ Cost=0]

Counters

Tip10:Counters:using

count

• Theaggregateoperator

count

returnsthenumberoftimesthatatestsucceeds

declarations

L: list of string

end-declarations

L:= [’a’, ’ab’, ’abc’, ’da’, ’bc’, ’db’]

writeln("Occurences of ’b’ in L: : ",

count(s in L | findtext(s, ’b’, 1)>0) )

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Tip11:Counters:using

as counter

• Usetheconstruct

as counter

tospecifyacountervariableinaboundedloop(i.e.,

forall

oraggregateoperatorssuchas

sum

):ateachiteration,thecounteris

incremented

S:= {1, 5, 8, , -1, , 4, 7, 2}

cnt:=0.0

writeln("Number of f odd d numbers in S: ", count(i in S | isodd(i)) )

writeln("Average of odd numbers in S: : ",

(sum(cnt as counter, i in S | | isodd(i)) ) i) / cnt)

Indicatorandlogicalconstraints

Tip12:Indicatorconstraints

• Indicatorconstraint=globalentitythatassociatesabinaryvariablebwithalinear

constraintC

– modelsanimplication:

’ifb=1thenC’,insymbols:b→C,or

’ifb=0thenC’,insymbols:

b→C

(theconstraintCisactiveonlyiftheconditionistrue)

• ⇒Useindicatorconstraintsfortheformulationoflogicexpressionsintheplaceof

big-Mconstructs

Tip12:IndicatorconstraintsinMosel

• Needabinaryvariable(type

mpvar

)andalinearinequalityconstraint(type

linctr

)

• Specifythetypeoftheimplication(1forb→Cand-1for

b→C)

• Thesubroutine

indicator

returnsanewconstraintoftype

logctr

thatcanbeusedin

thecompositionofotherlogicexpressions

uses "mmxprs"

declarations

C: linctr

L: logctr

x1, x2, b: mpvar

end-declarations

b is_binary

! Variable for indicator r constraints

C:= x2<=5

L:= indicator(1, b, x1+x2>=12)

! b=1 1 -> > x1+x2>=12

indicator(-1, b, , C)

! b=0 0 -> > x2<=5

C:=0

! Delete auxiliary constraint definition

Tip13:Logicconstructs

• Packageadvmoddeﬁnestype

logctr

fordeﬁningandworkingwithlogicconstraintsin

MIPmodels

• Implementationoftheseconstraintsisbasedonindicatorconstraints

• Buildlogicconstraintswithlinearconstraintsusingtheoperations

and

xor

implies

,and

not

• Mustincludethepackage

advmod

insteadoftheOptimizerlibrary

mmxprs

uses "advmod"

declarations

x: array(1..3) of mpvar

end-declarations

implies(x(1)>=10, x(1)+x(2)>=12 and not x(2)<=5)

page5

declarations

p: array(R) of mpvar

end-declarations

forall(i in R) p(i) is_binary

! Choose at least one of projects s 1,2,3 3 (option A)

! or at t least t two of projects 2,4,5,6 (option n B)

p(1) + p(2) + p(3) >= 1 or p(2) ) + + p(4) + p(5) + p(6) >= = 2

! Choose either option A or option B, but not t both

xor(p(1) + p(2) + + p(3) ) >= 1, p(2) + p(4) + p(5) + p(6) >= 2)

DeploymentviaanExcelVBmacro

Tip14:DeploymentviaanExcelVBmacro

• GenerateVBcodeusingtheIVEdeploymentwizzard

– menuDeployDeploy...,selectVisualBasic,thenconﬁrmwithNext

– copythedisplayedVBcodeintotheclipboard

• GeneratetheBIMﬁle

• Createamacro-enabledspreadsheet(.xlsm)

• SelectExcelmenuDeveloperInsert

– selectthebuttonobjectandpositionitusingthemouse

– assignanewmacrotothebuttonandpastetheVBcodefromclipboardintothe

macro

• UsingExcelmenuDeveloperVisualBasicFileImportFile...add

xprm.bas

from

the

include

subdirectoryofXpresstotheproject

• Selectthebuttonwithrightmousekeytoedititstext

• IfyoudonotseetheDevelopermenu:

– Excel2007:clickontheroundbuttontopleft

thenselectExcelOptions;under

thePopularsection,checktheoptionShowDevelopertab

– Excel2010:ontheFiletab,chooseOptions,thenchooseCustomizeRibbonandin

thelistofMainTabs,selecttheDevelopercheckbox:

– anewtaboftheribbonmenuwillappearwithaVBAoption

• Outputredirectiontospreadsheet:

– DeﬁneacellrangeOutput

(Excel2010:selectthedesiredareawithyoumouse,thenusethemenuFormulas

DeﬁneNametoentertherangename)

– Editthemacro(afterXPRMinit):

Call XPRMsetdefstream(0, XPRM_F_WRITE, , XPRM_IO_CB(AddressOf OutputCB))

...

Public Function OutputCB(ByVal model l As s Long, ByVal info As Long,

ByVal msg g As String, ByVal size As Long) As s Long

’ Process windows messages so Excel GUI responds

DoEvents

’ Strip the extra newline character and print to sheet

Range("Output").Cells(1, 1) ) = = Mid(msg, 1, , Len(msg) ) - 1)

End Function

page6

Outputredirection

Tip15:Outputredirection

• RedirectionwithinaMoselmodel:

! tee: Dedouble output to file + default output (screen)

fopen("tee:mylogfile.txt&", F_OUTPUT+F_APPEND)

writeln(...)

fclose(F_OUTPUT)

• Redirectstreamsforsubmodelsfrommastermodel(correspondinglibraryfunction

XPRMsetdefstream

! null: Discard all output; tmp: Mosel’s temporary directory

setdefstream("mysubmod.mos", F_OUTPUT, "null:")

setdefstream("mysubmod.mos", F_ERROR, "tmp:errlog.txt")

Datesandtimes

Tip16:Datesandtimes

• mmsystemdeﬁnestypes

date

time

,and

datetime

forhandlingdateandtimetypes

– conversionto/fromnumericalvalues,e.g.,foruseasindices(

getasnumber

)

• Dataconnectormodulesmmsheet,mmodbcandmmocisupportthesetypesforreading

andwritingdata

– representationofdateandtimeinformationwithindatabasesisdifferentfromone

producttoanotherandmaynotbecompatiblewithMosel’sdefaultformat⇒

adaptformatsettings

declarations

d: integer

T: time

Dates: array(1..5) of date

end-declarations

writeln(datetime(SYS_NOW))

! Datetime e returned by system

setparam("timefmt", "%0H:%0M:%0S") ) ! Set t new time format

setparam("datefmt", "%y-%0m-%0d")

! Set t new date format

! Convert date e created d from string to number (JDN)

d:= getasnumber(date("2012-12-25")))

initializations from "mmodbc.odbc:datetime.mdb"

T as "Time1"

Dates as "noindex;Dates"

end-initializations

Tip17:Calculatingthecalendarweeknumber

• Function

getweek

belowreturnsthecalendarweekcountforagivendate.

– implementation:

getasnumber

calculatestheJuliandaynumberand

getweekday

returnstheweekdaynumberforadate

– usage:

wnum:= getweek(date(2012,2,29))

function getweek(d:date): integer

firstday:=date(getyear(d-getweekday(d)+4),1,3)

returned:= (getasnumber(d) - getasnumber(firstday) +

getweekday(firstday+1)+5) div 7

end-function

page7

Lower/uppercaseconversions

Tip18:Howtoconvertatextintolower(upper)case

• Note:ThefollowingroutinesupposesASCIIencoding

! Turn upper case letters into lower case

public function n makelowercase(t: text): : text

returned:=t

forall(i in 1..t.size) do

v:=getchar(t,i)

if (v>=65 and d v<=90) then

! lower to upper:

v>=97 and d v<=122

setchar(returned, i, v+32)

! lower to upper:

v-32

end-if

end-do

end-function

! Overloaded version for ’string’

public function n makelowercase(t: string): string

returned:=string(makelowercase(text(t)))

end-function

SpreadsheetIOdrivers

Tip19:Comparisonofspreadsheetdrivers

excel

xsl/xslx

csv

File type

physical ﬁle

extended ﬁle

Supported platforms

Windows

Windows, Linux, Mac all Xpress platforms

Requirements

Excel+ open inter-

active session

none, can be used

remotely

none, can be used

remotely

File creation for output

yes

Output writing mecha-

nism

on-screen display

without saving if

application

run-

ning,

otherwise

data saved into

ﬁle

data saved into

ﬁle

data saved into

ﬁle

Named ranges

yes

Multiple worksheets

yes

VB Macros

yes

Parameters

Tip 20: Accessing parameters with bitmap format

• Parameters that are encoded as bitmaps are accessed as integers

• The Mosel function

bittest

checks whether a bit is set

! Turn on bits 0, 1, and 4, all else off (2^0 + 2^1 + 2^4 = 1+2+16 = 19)

setparam("XPRS_HEURSEARCHTREESELECT",19)

! Modify the current setting: turn off bit 5 (2^5 = 32)

presolveops:= getparam("XPRS_PRESOLVEOPS")

if bittest(presolveops,32)=32 then presolveops-=32; end-if

setparam("XPRS_PRESOLVEOPS", presolveops)

! The value of a signed integer with all bits equal to 1 is -1

setparam("XPRS_CUTSELECT", -1)

! Enable all features

setparam("XPRS_CUTSELECT", -8193)

! All except bit 13 (-1 -2^13 = -8193)

page8

Using ’assert’

Tip 21: Using

assert

to validate input data

• The

assert

statement serves for checking input data (including model parameters) for

correct types and values

– by default,

assert

is only executed for models compiled in debug mode (ﬂages ’g’

or ’G’), this behaviour is changed by specifying option

keepassert

– the default error code returned by ’assert’ is 8, an alternative value can be speciﬁed

as the optional third argument

options keepassert

! Always apply ’assert’

parameters

A=10

DATAFILE="mydata.dat"

end-parameters

assert(A in 1..20, , "Wrong parameter r value")

(! Same as:

if A not in 1..20 then

writeln("Wrong parameter value")

exit(8)

end-if

! If file not found, return exit code 5

assert(getfstat(DATAFILE)=0, "Data file not found", , 5)

page9

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