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effective climate change action, including, inter alia, to implement adaptation and mitigation actions, and should
facilitate technology development, dissemination and deployment, access to climate finance, relevant aspects of
education, training and public awareness, and the transparent, timely and accurate communication of
information.
2.
Capacity-building should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster country
ownership of Parties, in particular, for developing country Parties, including at the national, subnational and
local levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned, including those from capacity-building
activities under the Convention, and should be an effective, iterative process that is participatory, cross-cutting
and gender-responsive.
3.
All Parties should cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement.
Developed country Parties should enhance support for capacity-building actions in developing country Parties.
4.
All Parties enhancing the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this Agreement, including through
regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches, shall regularly communicate on these actions or measures on
capacity-building. Developing country Parties should regularly communicate progress made on implementing
capacity-building plans, policies, actions or measures to implement this Agreement.
5.
Capacity-building activities shall be enhanced through appropriate institutional arrangements to support the
implementation of this Agreement, including the appropriate institutional arrangements established under the
Convention that serve this Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the
Paris Agreement shall, at its first session, consider and adopt a decision on the initial institutional arrangements
for capacity-building.
Article
12
Parties shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change education, training, public
awareness, public participation and public access to information, recognizing the importance of these steps with
respect to enhancing actions under this Agreement.
Article
13
1.
In order to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation, an enhanced transparency
framework for action and support, with built-in flexibility which takes into accoun
t Parties’ different capacities
and builds upon collective experience is hereby established.
2.
The transparency framework shall provide flexibility in the implementation of the provisions of this Article to
those developing country Parties that need it in the light of their capacities. The modalities, procedures and
guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this Article shall reflect such flexibility.
3.
The transparency framework shall build on and enhance the transparency arrangements under the Convention,
recognizing the special circumstances of the least developed countries and small island developing States, and be
implemented in a facilitative, non-intrusive, non-punitive manner, respectful of national sovereignty, and avoid
placing undue burden on Parties.
4.
The transparency arrangements under the Convention, including national communications, biennial reports and
biennial update reports, international assessment and review and international consultation and analysis, shall
form part of the experience drawn upon for the development of the modalities, procedures and guidelines under
paragraph 13 of this Article.
5.
The purpose of the framework for transparency of action is to provide a clear understanding of climate change
action in the light of the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2, including clarity and tracking of
progress towards achieving Parties’ individual
nationally determined contributions
under Article 4, and Parties’
adaptation actions under Article 7, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps, to inform the global
stocktake under Article 14.
6.
The purpose of the framework for transparency of support is to provide clarity on support provided and received
by relevant individual Parties in the context of climate change actions under Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11, and, to
the extent possible, to provide a full overview of aggregate financial support provided, to inform the global
stocktake under Article 14.
7.
Each Party shall regularly provide the following information:
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(a) A national inventory report of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse
gases, prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement;
(b) Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally determined
contribution under Article 4.
8.
Each Party should also provide information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under Article 7, as
appropriate.
9.
Developed country Parties shall, and other Parties that provide support should, provide information on financial,
technology transfer and capacity-building support provided to developing country Parties under Article 9, 10 and
11.
10. Developing country Parties should provide information on financial, technology transfer and capacity-building
support needed and received under Articles 9, 10 and 11.
11. Information submitted by each Party under paragraphs 7 and 9 of this Article shall undergo a technical expert
review, in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. For those developing country Parties that need it in the light of
their capacities, the review process shall include assistance in identifying capacity-building needs. In addition,
each Party shall participate in a facilitative, multilateral consideration of progress with respect to efforts under
Article 9, and its respective implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution.
12.
The technical expert review under this paragraph shall consist of a consideration of the Party’s support provided,
as relevant, and its implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution. The review shall
also identify areas of improvement for the Party, and include a review of the consistency of the information with
the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this Article, taking into account the
flexibility accorded to the Party under paragraph 2 of this Article. The review shall pay particular attention to the
respective national capabilities and circumstances of developing country Parties.
13. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall, at its first
session, building on experience from the arrangements related to transparency under the Convention, and
elaborating on the provisions in this Article, adopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as
appropriate, for the transparency of action and support.
14. Support shall be provided to developing countries for the implementation of this Article.
15. Support shall also be provided for the building of transparency-related capacity of developing country Parties on
a continuous basis.
Article
14
1.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall periodically take
stock of the implementation of this Agreement to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of
this Agreement and its long-
term goals (referred to as the “global stocktake”). It shall do so in a comprehensive
and facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the means of implementation and support, and in
the light of equity and the best available science.
2.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall undertake its
first global stocktake in 2023 and every five years thereafter unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
3.
The outcome of the global stocktake shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in a nationally determined
manner, their actions and support in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Agreement, as well as in
enhancing international cooperation for climate action.
Article
15
1.
A mechanism to facilitate implementation of and promote compliance with the provisions of this Agreement is
hereby established.
2.
The mechanism referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall consist of a committee that shall be expert-based
and facilitative in nature and function in a manner that is transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive. The
committee shall pay particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of Parties.
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3.
The committee shall operate under the modalities and procedures adopted by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its first session and report annually to the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
Article
16
1.
The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to
this Agreement.
2.
Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the proceedings
of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. When the
Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, decisions under this Agreement
shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.
3.
When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, any member of the
Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to
this Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this
Agreement.
4.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall keep under
regular review the implementation of this Agreement and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary
to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Agreement and shall:
(a) Establish such subsidiary bodies as deemed necessary for the implementation of this Agreement; and
(b) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Agreement.
5.
The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and the financial procedures applied under the
Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Agreement, except as may be otherwise decided by
consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
6.
The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is
scheduled after the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall be held in conjunction with ordinary
sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
7.
Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement or at the written request of any Party, provided that,
within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least
one third of the Parties.
8.
The United Nations and its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any
State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement as observers. Any body or
agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters
covered by this Agreement and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement as an observer, may be
so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers
shall be subject to the rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article.
Article
17
1.
The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Agreement.
2.
Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of the
Convention, on the arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this
Agreement. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Agreement and by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement.
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